Lecture 1-2.ppt

METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH Research Activity Pre-lecturing discussion questions 1. What is the general idea of research? 2. Who can do research? 3. Where can research be carried out? 4. Is any activity a research project? 5. What is your major, and what science does it relate to? Two...

METHODOLOGY OF RESEARCH Research Activity Pre-lecturing discussion questions 1. What is the general idea of research? 2. Who can do research? 3. Where can research be carried out? 4. Is any activity a research project? 5. What is your major, and what science does it relate to? Two main levels of scientific cognition Empirical – knowledge can be obtained by experience Theoretical - knowledge can be obtained by complex logical operations The empirical level of cognition includes - observation of phenomena - accumulation and selection of facts - establishing connections between them Theoretical level of cognition is associated with the predominance of thinking activity reveals: - internal structure and regularities of development of systems and phenomena - their interaction and conditionality  Classification of sciences is the disclosure of their mutual connections on the basis of certain principles and the expression of these connections in the form of a logical arrangement or series. The classification of sciences reveals the relationship between natural, technical, social sciences and philosophy  Classification of sciences In relation to practice sciences are divided into fundamental applied  The process of cognition scientific idea a hypothesis a hypothesis a law or theory  A scientific idea is an intuitive explanation of a phenomenon without intermediate argumentation and awareness of the entire set of connections to come to a conclusion. The idea helps to reveal previously unnoticed patterns of any phenomenon.  Hypothesis a statement that provides an explanation for why or how something works, based on facts (or some reasonable assumptions), but that has not yet been specifically tested.  sleep can impact academic performance the language a person speaks can influence their worldview Attending more lectures leads to better exam results Children must wear helmets while doing active sports What field of Science? Null Hypothesis: There is no significant difference in sentence complexity between native speakers and second language learners. Alternative Hypothesis: Second language learners produce syntactically more complex sentences compared to native speakers. What field of science? Null Hypothesis: Exposure to two languages from birth does not affect the speed of vocabulary development in bilingual children. Alternative Hypothesis: Bilingual children acquire vocabulary at a faster rate compared to monolingual children due to exposure to multiple languages. Post-lecturing questions 1. What is science for? 2. What ideas are relevant in your major? 3. What is the topic of your future research in master’s degree?