Fingerprints I Lecture Notes PDF

Fingerprints I LEC06 – Monday September 23rd Foundations in Forensic Science  LAB02 Next week Course Update Outdoor Lab Test Next Week Creation of Fingerprints Form in the womb ~5 months Grow with you Components Core Tip Sides...

Fingerprints I LEC06 – Monday September 23rd Foundations in Forensic Science  LAB02 Next week Course Update Outdoor Lab Test Next Week Creation of Fingerprints Form in the womb ~5 months Grow with you Components Core Tip Sides Ridges Fingers Palms Fingerprint Principles 1. Unique: no two fingers have entirely identical ridge characteristics 2. Remains unchanged during an individual’s lifetime 3. Ridge patterns permit them to be systematically classified Fingerprint Principles 1. Unique: no two fingers have entirely identical ridge characteristics 2. Remains unchanged during an individual’s lifetime 3. Ridge patterns permit them to be systematically classified Brandon Mayfield – Spain Bombing 2004 Shirley McKie – Police Officer Arrested 1998 Shirley McKie – Fingerprint Misidentification Scottish Police Detective Jan 1997 Murder crime scene 2 fingerprints Tin can & doorframe Suspended Fired 1998 Arrested 1999 Tried & Acquitted Fingerprint Inquiry 2008 “Fingerprint examiners are presently ill-equipped to reason their conclusions as they are accustomed to regarding their conclusions as a matter of certainty and seldom challenged.” Fingerprint Principles 1. Unique: no two fingers have entirely identical ridge characteristics 2. Remains unchanged during an individual’s lifetime 3. Ridge patterns permit them to be systematically classified Fingerprint Principles 1. Unique: no two fingers have entirely identical ridge characteristics 2. Remains unchanged during an individual’s lifetime 3. Ridge patterns permit them to be systematically classified Adermatoglyphia Hand-and-foot Syndrome Temporary Climbing, washing dishes, masonry Permanent Cuts, burns, bacterial infections, washing dishes Fingerprint Principles 1. Unique: no two fingers have entirely identical ridge characteristics 2. Remains unchanged during an individual’s lifetime 3. Ridge patterns permit them to be systematically classified Fingerprint Types Visible: a fingerprint made when the finger deposits a visible material such as ink, dirt or blood onto a surface Collection Photograph Lift tape Fingerprint Types Plastic: ridge impressions left in soft materials wax, soap or dust Collection method: Photograph Cast Fingerprint Types Latent: fingerprint made by the transfer of body perspiration or oils present on finger ridges to the surface of an object. Various dust types: Black dust Silver dust Magnetic dust Fingerprint Types Iodine fuming Crystals Fats & oils Ninhydrin Ammonia / amines Cyanoacrylate Amino acids, proteins, & fatty acids Super glue fuming Level 1 Detail Whorl Ridge lines that are rounded or circular Two deltas Loop Ridge lines that enter from one side of the pattern and curve around to exit from the same side of the pattern Arch Ridge lines that enter the print from one side and flow out the other side No deltas Level 1 Research RD for prediction: Sex Women tend to have higher ridge densities Age Widening ridges with age FWLC (creases) Sex determination Stature estimation Correlation present Level 2 Detail Friction Ridge Characteristics (Minutiae) How many concordant minutiae are required to fail to exclude a suspect? Level 2 Research DeepDot Neural network algorithms Generative Adversarial Network (GANs) Data gathering Privacy PrintGANs Generative Wang et al. – Match probabilities Level 3 Detail Level 3 Research Kaur and Dhall – Pore Distance Pore interdistance & angles RUVIS Non-porus Machine Learning Algorithms