Podcast
Questions and Answers
What 1929 event involved the execution of 7 gang members?
What 1929 event involved the execution of 7 gang members?
- The Wall Street Crash
- The Great Train Robbery
- St. Valentine's Day Massacre (correct)
- The Chicago Fire
Which type of impression evidence was pivotal in Ted Bundy's conviction?
Which type of impression evidence was pivotal in Ted Bundy's conviction?
- Fingerprints
- Bite marks (correct)
- Tire marks
- Tool marks
What unique evidence led to questioning Russell Williams in 2010?
What unique evidence led to questioning Russell Williams in 2010?
- Footprints
- Handprints
- Fingerprints
- Tire tracks (correct)
Which characteristic is described as not unique to one source?
Which characteristic is described as not unique to one source?
What type of impression evidence includes patterns made by shoes?
What type of impression evidence includes patterns made by shoes?
Which type of mark is not considered impression evidence?
Which type of mark is not considered impression evidence?
What is a key factor that distinguishes individual characteristics from class characteristics?
What is a key factor that distinguishes individual characteristics from class characteristics?
Which incident involved Fred 'Killer' Burke in relation to impression evidence?
Which incident involved Fred 'Killer' Burke in relation to impression evidence?
What is a unique characteristic of fingerprints?
What is a unique characteristic of fingerprints?
Which method is NOT used for collecting bite mark evidence?
Which method is NOT used for collecting bite mark evidence?
What type of evidence can footwear impressions help to determine?
What type of evidence can footwear impressions help to determine?
What is the significance of tool marks in forensic evidence?
What is the significance of tool marks in forensic evidence?
Which is a key concern regarding the reliability of bite mark evidence?
Which is a key concern regarding the reliability of bite mark evidence?
Which of the following is a collection method for 2D evidence?
Which of the following is a collection method for 2D evidence?
What does the term 'lands and grooves' relate to in forensic analysis?
What does the term 'lands and grooves' relate to in forensic analysis?
What is an implication of the NIST 2023 findings about bite mark evidence?
What is an implication of the NIST 2023 findings about bite mark evidence?
Which two processes were involved in ancient Egyptian law to address legal matters?
Which two processes were involved in ancient Egyptian law to address legal matters?
According to ancient Jewish law, which of the following was not permitted?
According to ancient Jewish law, which of the following was not permitted?
What was a significant feature of Roman law regarding witnesses?
What was a significant feature of Roman law regarding witnesses?
What did Song Tz'u's 'Washing Away of Wrongs' regulate in the 13th century?
What did Song Tz'u's 'Washing Away of Wrongs' regulate in the 13th century?
What methodology was established by Bertilion in 1879?
What methodology was established by Bertilion in 1879?
Which contribution to forensic science is attributed to Orfila in the 18th century?
Which contribution to forensic science is attributed to Orfila in the 18th century?
What principle was improved by Orfila in his work on arsenic testing?
What principle was improved by Orfila in his work on arsenic testing?
What aspect of evidence was emphasized in medieval European law during jury formation?
What aspect of evidence was emphasized in medieval European law during jury formation?
What significant advancement in forensic science did Edward Henry contribute in 1901?
What significant advancement in forensic science did Edward Henry contribute in 1901?
Which statement best reflects the philosophy of Lacassagne regarding the relationship between law and science?
Which statement best reflects the philosophy of Lacassagne regarding the relationship between law and science?
In what year was the first police forensic laboratory established by Edmond Locard?
In what year was the first police forensic laboratory established by Edmond Locard?
Which individual is associated with the event of the Mona Lisa being stolen in 1911?
Which individual is associated with the event of the Mona Lisa being stolen in 1911?
What principle is associated with Edmond Locard's famous quote, 'every contact leaves a trace'?
What principle is associated with Edmond Locard's famous quote, 'every contact leaves a trace'?
Which science did Hans Gross, who published 'Criminal Investigations' in 1893, advocate for use in legal settings?
Which science did Hans Gross, who published 'Criminal Investigations' in 1893, advocate for use in legal settings?
Which discipline was NOT mentioned in connection with Lacassagne's work?
Which discipline was NOT mentioned in connection with Lacassagne's work?
What was the main focus of the publication 'Precis de medicine Judeciaire' by Lacassagne?
What was the main focus of the publication 'Precis de medicine Judeciaire' by Lacassagne?
What significant conclusion can be drawn from the evidence found on the fibres related to David Watkins?
What significant conclusion can be drawn from the evidence found on the fibres related to David Watkins?
Which instrumental method is identified as a standard for examining fibre evidence?
Which instrumental method is identified as a standard for examining fibre evidence?
What is a critical issue mentioned regarding fibre collection methods?
What is a critical issue mentioned regarding fibre collection methods?
What factor influences the penetrative force of a sharp object on fabric mentioned in the study?
What factor influences the penetrative force of a sharp object on fabric mentioned in the study?
Which method involves comparing visible colors from different fibre samples?
Which method involves comparing visible colors from different fibre samples?
What does the PCAST report emphasize regarding forensic methods?
What does the PCAST report emphasize regarding forensic methods?
Which type of microscopy is specifically mentioned for examining fibre morphology?
Which type of microscopy is specifically mentioned for examining fibre morphology?
What factor is indicated as having a higher penetrative force in the textile damage study?
What factor is indicated as having a higher penetrative force in the textile damage study?
What defines natural fibres?
What defines natural fibres?
What was the role of Interpol after its reestablishment in 1946?
What was the role of Interpol after its reestablishment in 1946?
In the vehicular murder case, what type of evidence was found on the vehicle?
In the vehicular murder case, what type of evidence was found on the vehicle?
How many fibres were found on the clothing of David Watkins in his murder case?
How many fibres were found on the clothing of David Watkins in his murder case?
Which description best fits manufactured fibres?
Which description best fits manufactured fibres?
What is the purpose of 'associative traces' in forensic evidence?
What is the purpose of 'associative traces' in forensic evidence?
What does the term 'excoriations' refer to in the context of an autopsy?
What does the term 'excoriations' refer to in the context of an autopsy?
What role did the fragment of grey fibres play in the vehicular murder case?
What role did the fragment of grey fibres play in the vehicular murder case?
What factor significantly improves stab resistance in HMWPE garments according to their thickness?
What factor significantly improves stab resistance in HMWPE garments according to their thickness?
What type of fibre is identified as the most sheddable after stabbing incidents?
What type of fibre is identified as the most sheddable after stabbing incidents?
How does weathering affect the ability to discriminate between different types of acrylic fibres?
How does weathering affect the ability to discriminate between different types of acrylic fibres?
Which of the following findings is associated with the impact of oil-and-water-repellent fabrics?
Which of the following findings is associated with the impact of oil-and-water-repellent fabrics?
What role do fibre databases play in forensic research?
What role do fibre databases play in forensic research?
What is the main finding of Mujumdar et al. regarding the weathering of fibres?
What is the main finding of Mujumdar et al. regarding the weathering of fibres?
What was the effect of decomposition fluids on cotton textiles during the study conducted with buried pig carcasses?
What was the effect of decomposition fluids on cotton textiles during the study conducted with buried pig carcasses?
What is one method suggested by Skokan et al. for studying fibre transfer mechanisms?
What is one method suggested by Skokan et al. for studying fibre transfer mechanisms?
What is the primary role of Interpol?
What is the primary role of Interpol?
Which type of fibres are derived from synthetic polymers?
Which type of fibres are derived from synthetic polymers?
What does the term 'interrogatable traces' refer to in forensic evidence?
What does the term 'interrogatable traces' refer to in forensic evidence?
What evidence contributed to distinguishing between a pedestrian injury and a car accident in the vehicular murder case?
What evidence contributed to distinguishing between a pedestrian injury and a car accident in the vehicular murder case?
In the case of David Watkins, how many fibres were found on his clothing?
In the case of David Watkins, how many fibres were found on his clothing?
What is characteristic of natural fibres?
What is characteristic of natural fibres?
What term describes fibres that allow for source attribution in forensic investigations?
What term describes fibres that allow for source attribution in forensic investigations?
Which findings were consistent with the autopsy report in the vehicular murder case?
Which findings were consistent with the autopsy report in the vehicular murder case?
What evidence supports the conclusion that David Watkins had been in Andrew Everson's car?
What evidence supports the conclusion that David Watkins had been in Andrew Everson's car?
Which method is part of instrumental analyses for fibre examination?
Which method is part of instrumental analyses for fibre examination?
What does the PCAST report indicate about forensic methods?
What does the PCAST report indicate about forensic methods?
Which factor is associated with higher penetrative force when testing fabric damage?
Which factor is associated with higher penetrative force when testing fabric damage?
What is the primary purpose of using automated fibre search in forensic analysis?
What is the primary purpose of using automated fibre search in forensic analysis?
Which microscopy technique is specifically used to examine the morphology of fibres?
Which microscopy technique is specifically used to examine the morphology of fibres?
What was one of the primary issues noted regarding fibre collection methods?
What was one of the primary issues noted regarding fibre collection methods?
What significance does the colour comparison in microspectrophotometry have?
What significance does the colour comparison in microspectrophotometry have?
Which factor has the most significant impact on the stab resistance of HMWPE garments?
Which factor has the most significant impact on the stab resistance of HMWPE garments?
What is the primary outcome of using rounded tipped knives on fabrics?
What is the primary outcome of using rounded tipped knives on fabrics?
Which type of environmental condition has been shown to affect fibre degradation significantly over time?
Which type of environmental condition has been shown to affect fibre degradation significantly over time?
What characteristic makes cotton the most sheddable fibre type during stabbing incidents?
What characteristic makes cotton the most sheddable fibre type during stabbing incidents?
What technology was utilized to analyze oil-and-water-repellent fabrics after outdoor exposure?
What technology was utilized to analyze oil-and-water-repellent fabrics after outdoor exposure?
What significant role do metal threads play in textile damage resistance?
What significant role do metal threads play in textile damage resistance?
What aspect of cotton degradation was highlighted by Ueland et al. in their study?
What aspect of cotton degradation was highlighted by Ueland et al. in their study?
What was a common observation about the color of cotton fibres in population studies?
What was a common observation about the color of cotton fibres in population studies?
What is the primary method used for identifying paint evidence?
What is the primary method used for identifying paint evidence?
In tape lifting for trace evidence, which types of materials can be collected?
In tape lifting for trace evidence, which types of materials can be collected?
Which of the following analysis techniques provides information about glass morphology?
Which of the following analysis techniques provides information about glass morphology?
What impact does heating glass to 450-650 degrees have?
What impact does heating glass to 450-650 degrees have?
What type of glass is specifically mentioned as being detected by LIBS and Raman methods?
What type of glass is specifically mentioned as being detected by LIBS and Raman methods?
What is a primary consideration when analyzing bullet holes in glass?
What is a primary consideration when analyzing bullet holes in glass?
What is indicated as a potential issue in the chemical analysis of tape evidence?
What is indicated as a potential issue in the chemical analysis of tape evidence?
Which aspect of glass is studied through stress intensity factors (SIF)?
Which aspect of glass is studied through stress intensity factors (SIF)?
Which type of fingerprint is obtained by the transfer of body perspiration or oils to a surface?
Which type of fingerprint is obtained by the transfer of body perspiration or oils to a surface?
Which fingerprint type is characterized by ridge impressions left in materials such as wax or dust?
Which fingerprint type is characterized by ridge impressions left in materials such as wax or dust?
What is the required number of concordant minutiae to fail to exclude a suspect in friction ridge analysis?
What is the required number of concordant minutiae to fail to exclude a suspect in friction ridge analysis?
Which collection method is typically used for visible fingerprints?
Which collection method is typically used for visible fingerprints?
Which fingerprint pattern has no deltas?
Which fingerprint pattern has no deltas?
What is true about the unique characteristics of fingerprints?
What is true about the unique characteristics of fingerprints?
What does the permanence of fingerprints imply?
What does the permanence of fingerprints imply?
Which case exemplified issues related to fingerprint misidentification?
Which case exemplified issues related to fingerprint misidentification?
What can result from fingerprint analysis misidentification?
What can result from fingerprint analysis misidentification?
What is one of the components of fingerprints?
What is one of the components of fingerprints?
What does the term 'adermatoglyphia' refer to in the context of fingerprints?
What does the term 'adermatoglyphia' refer to in the context of fingerprints?
Which statement reflects the primary principle about the uniqueness of fingerprints?
Which statement reflects the primary principle about the uniqueness of fingerprints?
How are fingerprint ridge patterns classified?
How are fingerprint ridge patterns classified?
What is the primary function of the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Information System (IAFIS)?
What is the primary function of the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Information System (IAFIS)?
What percentage of fingerprint recognition is achieved through Convolutional Neural Networks in AFIS systems?
What percentage of fingerprint recognition is achieved through Convolutional Neural Networks in AFIS systems?
Which of the following is a method to collect fingerprint data that avoids the degradation of the system?
Which of the following is a method to collect fingerprint data that avoids the degradation of the system?
How many distinct values are identified when assessing clarity and quality in fingerprints?
How many distinct values are identified when assessing clarity and quality in fingerprints?
In the study by Eldridge et al., what percentage of decisions resulted in false exclusion?
In the study by Eldridge et al., what percentage of decisions resulted in false exclusion?
What does the LQMetric algorithm measure in fingerprint analysis?
What does the LQMetric algorithm measure in fingerprint analysis?
What is identified as a challenge in infant fingerprint imaging?
What is identified as a challenge in infant fingerprint imaging?
What is the recommended number of matching minutiae for identification purposes according to standard practices?
What is the recommended number of matching minutiae for identification purposes according to standard practices?
What is one of the recommendations made by Swofford regarding fingerprint identification?
What is one of the recommendations made by Swofford regarding fingerprint identification?
Which of the following is NOT identified as a challenge in fingerprint identification by Koehler?
Which of the following is NOT identified as a challenge in fingerprint identification by Koehler?
According to Neumann, what is necessary to improve comparative examinations in fingerprint analysis?
According to Neumann, what is necessary to improve comparative examinations in fingerprint analysis?
What is one purpose of fingerprint composition as indicated in the content?
What is one purpose of fingerprint composition as indicated in the content?
What is a noted effect of aging on fingerprints as per Czech et al.?
What is a noted effect of aging on fingerprints as per Czech et al.?
Which statement about probabilistic reporting in fingerprint identification is correct?
Which statement about probabilistic reporting in fingerprint identification is correct?
What change occurs within the first 8 hours of fingerprint deposition, as noted by Boseley et al.?
What change occurs within the first 8 hours of fingerprint deposition, as noted by Boseley et al.?
What does Swofford imply regarding the implications of a shift to probabilistic statements?
What does Swofford imply regarding the implications of a shift to probabilistic statements?
What can be indicated by the presence of nicotine in donor profiling?
What can be indicated by the presence of nicotine in donor profiling?
Which substrate did researchers explore for fingerprint detection using black powder?
Which substrate did researchers explore for fingerprint detection using black powder?
What was the success rate of recovering fingerprints from fired cartridge casings based on the Colorado Bureau of Investigation data?
What was the success rate of recovering fingerprints from fired cartridge casings based on the Colorado Bureau of Investigation data?
Which factor was reported to influence the success of identifying aged documents in fingerprint analysis?
Which factor was reported to influence the success of identifying aged documents in fingerprint analysis?
What method was compared to conventional CA cabinets in the LumiFume study?
What method was compared to conventional CA cabinets in the LumiFume study?
In terms of fingerprint photography, what type of surfaces were specifically studied for recording fingerprints?
In terms of fingerprint photography, what type of surfaces were specifically studied for recording fingerprints?
What is one major limitation identified in microbial profiling related to fingerprint analysis?
What is one major limitation identified in microbial profiling related to fingerprint analysis?
Which of the following other prints had limited research attention in forensic studies?
Which of the following other prints had limited research attention in forensic studies?
What was the success rate of identifying friction ridge details from cartridge casings reported in RCMP case studies?
What was the success rate of identifying friction ridge details from cartridge casings reported in RCMP case studies?
What does the study of ear prints contribute to in forensic investigations?
What does the study of ear prints contribute to in forensic investigations?
What percentage of fingerprint recognition accuracy is reported for convolutional neural networks?
What percentage of fingerprint recognition accuracy is reported for convolutional neural networks?
What is the primary purpose of the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Information System (IAFIS)?
What is the primary purpose of the Integrated Automated Fingerprint Information System (IAFIS)?
What is considered an unusual challenge in infant fingerprint imaging?
What is considered an unusual challenge in infant fingerprint imaging?
How many matching minutiae are generally considered required for fingerprint identification?
How many matching minutiae are generally considered required for fingerprint identification?
What algorithm is used as an automated tool to measure the clarity of fingerprints?
What algorithm is used as an automated tool to measure the clarity of fingerprints?
What false identification rate was observed in the study involving examiners analyzing more than 12,000 decisions?
What false identification rate was observed in the study involving examiners analyzing more than 12,000 decisions?
Which of the following is a method used for improving the degradation of fingerprint systems?
Which of the following is a method used for improving the degradation of fingerprint systems?
What approach is suggested for addressing examiner disagreements in fingerprint analysis?
What approach is suggested for addressing examiner disagreements in fingerprint analysis?
What is a significant concern when relying on fingerprint examination according to the discussions about validity?
What is a significant concern when relying on fingerprint examination according to the discussions about validity?
Which of the following best describes the impact of adopting probabilistic statements in fingerprint evidence?
Which of the following best describes the impact of adopting probabilistic statements in fingerprint evidence?
What should be a main focus for improving fingerprint identification practices?
What should be a main focus for improving fingerprint identification practices?
Which statement reflects the issues highlighted in the commentary by Neumann regarding fingerprint examination?
Which statement reflects the issues highlighted in the commentary by Neumann regarding fingerprint examination?
What is a primary purpose of fingermark chemistry in forensic investigations?
What is a primary purpose of fingermark chemistry in forensic investigations?
What molecular change occurs within the first 8 hours as mentioned in the findings?
What molecular change occurs within the first 8 hours as mentioned in the findings?
What challenge is presented by differences between examiners in forensic fingerprinting?
What challenge is presented by differences between examiners in forensic fingerprinting?
Which of the following is a suggestion made to improve the fingerprint identification process?
Which of the following is a suggestion made to improve the fingerprint identification process?
What percentage is a predictor of behavior when nicotine is present in donor profiling?
What percentage is a predictor of behavior when nicotine is present in donor profiling?
Which method involves using nanoparticles in solution for fingerprint visualization?
Which method involves using nanoparticles in solution for fingerprint visualization?
Which type of casing had a recovery rate of just 0.38% associated with firearms?
Which type of casing had a recovery rate of just 0.38% associated with firearms?
In fingerprint photography, which method was used to capture fingerprints on curved surfaces?
In fingerprint photography, which method was used to capture fingerprints on curved surfaces?
What did the study by Bouzin et al. reveal about the success rate of categorizing old documents?
What did the study by Bouzin et al. reveal about the success rate of categorizing old documents?
Which method has shown to help with identification using ear prints and deep learning techniques?
Which method has shown to help with identification using ear prints and deep learning techniques?
What factor significantly affected the success rate of fingerprint recovery on cartridge casings in case reports?
What factor significantly affected the success rate of fingerprint recovery on cartridge casings in case reports?
What does the research on lip prints suggest about their uniqueness?
What does the research on lip prints suggest about their uniqueness?
What was one factor that affected the success of fingerprint detection on older documents?
What was one factor that affected the success of fingerprint detection on older documents?
Which of the following statements is true regarding carbon fuming methods used for fingerprints?
Which of the following statements is true regarding carbon fuming methods used for fingerprints?
Which factor is crucial for the success of measuring time since fire?
Which factor is crucial for the success of measuring time since fire?
What percentage of ammo boxes yielded DNA profiles according to Malanio et al.?
What percentage of ammo boxes yielded DNA profiles according to Malanio et al.?
Which item was identified as the worst for identification in Prasad et al.'s research?
Which item was identified as the worst for identification in Prasad et al.'s research?
What was the outcome observed regarding ridge detail in Girelli & Segatto's study on fired cartridges?
What was the outcome observed regarding ridge detail in Girelli & Segatto's study on fired cartridges?
What factor did Kerkhoff et al. find did not correlate in their study on wood surfaces?
What factor did Kerkhoff et al. find did not correlate in their study on wood surfaces?
What effect does the metallic composition of a firing pin impression have?
What effect does the metallic composition of a firing pin impression have?
In which firing mode do the depth and diameter of impressions increase after each shot?
In which firing mode do the depth and diameter of impressions increase after each shot?
What was the false positive rate found in visual comparison microscopy according to the study?
What was the false positive rate found in visual comparison microscopy according to the study?
Which method involves analyzing small squares and distances for matching impressions?
Which method involves analyzing small squares and distances for matching impressions?
What does the study by Riva et al. demonstrate regarding brand influence on ballistic measurements?
What does the study by Riva et al. demonstrate regarding brand influence on ballistic measurements?
How did examiner judgments for breechface and firing pin impressions compare to computer-based methods?
How did examiner judgments for breechface and firing pin impressions compare to computer-based methods?
What was observed regarding the reliability of micro-CT compared to traditional methods?
What was observed regarding the reliability of micro-CT compared to traditional methods?
What characteristic did Swanepoel identify regarding magazine marks?
What characteristic did Swanepoel identify regarding magazine marks?
What is the primary function of rifling in a gun barrel?
What is the primary function of rifling in a gun barrel?
What distinguishes individual characteristics in firearm identification?
What distinguishes individual characteristics in firearm identification?
What is the Integrated Ballistics Identification System (IBIS) primarily used for?
What is the Integrated Ballistics Identification System (IBIS) primarily used for?
What happens to the degree of similarity in bullets after extensive test firings?
What happens to the degree of similarity in bullets after extensive test firings?
Which factor affects the identification of firearms when using methanol-based dyes?
Which factor affects the identification of firearms when using methanol-based dyes?
How does the caliber of a firearm relate to its design?
How does the caliber of a firearm relate to its design?
What is one of the primary challenges faced by firearm examiners according to validation studies?
What is one of the primary challenges faced by firearm examiners according to validation studies?
Which type of firearm is characterized by a smooth barrel and uses shells?
Which type of firearm is characterized by a smooth barrel and uses shells?
What aspect of cartridge identification provides information on whether a bullet was fired from a specific weapon?
What aspect of cartridge identification provides information on whether a bullet was fired from a specific weapon?
What major conclusion can be drawn from the uniqueness of striations in bullet examination?
What major conclusion can be drawn from the uniqueness of striations in bullet examination?
What was a significant finding regarding unfired cartridges in ammunition DNA reports?
What was a significant finding regarding unfired cartridges in ammunition DNA reports?
What was concluded from Johnson's study on print impressions on cartridges?
What was concluded from Johnson's study on print impressions on cartridges?
Which research found that specific components of cartridges are the most challenging for identification?
Which research found that specific components of cartridges are the most challenging for identification?
In Liscio et al.'s shooting reconstruction study, what material was primarily tested?
In Liscio et al.'s shooting reconstruction study, what material was primarily tested?
What was the main observation regarding ridge detail in Girelli & Segatto's study on fired cartridges?
What was the main observation regarding ridge detail in Girelli & Segatto's study on fired cartridges?
How does the firing pin impression metallic composition affect its impressions?
How does the firing pin impression metallic composition affect its impressions?
What change occurs in firing pin impressions when firing in burst mode compared to single shot mode?
What change occurs in firing pin impressions when firing in burst mode compared to single shot mode?
What method showed a false positive rate of 0.43% when assessing examiner proficiency?
What method showed a false positive rate of 0.43% when assessing examiner proficiency?
What is a notable finding about the computer-based methods compared to examiner judgments?
What is a notable finding about the computer-based methods compared to examiner judgments?
What effect does the brand used have on firearm examination results?
What effect does the brand used have on firearm examination results?
Which method involves examining striation patterns in segments?
Which method involves examining striation patterns in segments?
What type of impressions can unique magazine marks reveal?
What type of impressions can unique magazine marks reveal?
What significant contribution did Kokin provide regarding historical forensic examination?
What significant contribution did Kokin provide regarding historical forensic examination?
What is the main purpose of firearms identification?
What is the main purpose of firearms identification?
Which of the following is an example of a long gun?
Which of the following is an example of a long gun?
What process creates unique striations on bullets fired from firearms?
What process creates unique striations on bullets fired from firearms?
What was observed to decrease in similarity after extensive use of a firearm, according to durability tests?
What was observed to decrease in similarity after extensive use of a firearm, according to durability tests?
Which term refers to the diameter of the bore of a firearm?
Which term refers to the diameter of the bore of a firearm?
Which type of firearms are characterized by a smooth bore?
Which type of firearms are characterized by a smooth bore?
What is primarily affected by the rifling process in firearms?
What is primarily affected by the rifling process in firearms?
What percentage range indicates the chance of a successful match in firearms identification through the NIBIN system?
What percentage range indicates the chance of a successful match in firearms identification through the NIBIN system?
Which method is vital for beginning the individualization process during firearm identification?
Which method is vital for beginning the individualization process during firearm identification?
Which skeletal feature is typically examined to estimate age in late adults?
Which skeletal feature is typically examined to estimate age in late adults?
What is the primary method used for stature estimation from skeletal remains?
What is the primary method used for stature estimation from skeletal remains?
Which group of traits is primarily assessed to determine population affinity?
Which group of traits is primarily assessed to determine population affinity?
What distinguishes the examination of sexual dimorphisms in ancient ancestors from modern homo sapiens?
What distinguishes the examination of sexual dimorphisms in ancient ancestors from modern homo sapiens?
Which factor is important to consider when using regression methods for stature estimation?
Which factor is important to consider when using regression methods for stature estimation?
What does the term 'trauma' specifically refer to in forensic examination?
What does the term 'trauma' specifically refer to in forensic examination?
Which type of deformation occurs when a bone is subjected to stress but does not return to its original shape?
Which type of deformation occurs when a bone is subjected to stress but does not return to its original shape?
What key factor distinguishes antemortem trauma from postmortem trauma?
What key factor distinguishes antemortem trauma from postmortem trauma?
In the case study surrounding Robert Pickton, what significant detail marked the investigation?
In the case study surrounding Robert Pickton, what significant detail marked the investigation?
What was a major factor that led to Adam Strong's conviction?
What was a major factor that led to Adam Strong's conviction?
What is the primary focus of forensic anthropology?
What is the primary focus of forensic anthropology?
What key principle does the Frye rule advocate for in the context of forensic evidence?
What key principle does the Frye rule advocate for in the context of forensic evidence?
Who is recognized as the father of forensic anthropology?
Who is recognized as the father of forensic anthropology?
Which of the following aspects is NOT part of the ethical guidelines in forensic anthropology?
Which of the following aspects is NOT part of the ethical guidelines in forensic anthropology?
What does the term 'skeletal collections' refer to in forensic anthropology?
What does the term 'skeletal collections' refer to in forensic anthropology?
How did WWII and the Korean Wars influence forensic anthropology?
How did WWII and the Korean Wars influence forensic anthropology?
Which report emphasizes standards for scientific methods in forensic analysis?
Which report emphasizes standards for scientific methods in forensic analysis?
What is a critical component of maintaining the integrity of skeletal remains in forensic anthropology?
What is a critical component of maintaining the integrity of skeletal remains in forensic anthropology?
Which method emphasizes the use of logical reasoning in acquiring knowledge?
Which method emphasizes the use of logical reasoning in acquiring knowledge?
What is a key distinction between knowledge and information in the context of forensic science?
What is a key distinction between knowledge and information in the context of forensic science?
What is the first guideline in Evidence Based Practice for forensic science?
What is the first guideline in Evidence Based Practice for forensic science?
Which of the following statements reflects a common issue in forensic testimony as highlighted by Mnookin?
Which of the following statements reflects a common issue in forensic testimony as highlighted by Mnookin?
What reasoning process is unique to the scientific method compared to other methods of inquiry?
What reasoning process is unique to the scientific method compared to other methods of inquiry?
What was a key finding regarding the autopsy examinations by Charles Smith?
What was a key finding regarding the autopsy examinations by Charles Smith?
Which type of reasoning involves forming a theory based on specific observations?
Which type of reasoning involves forming a theory based on specific observations?
What does the Goudge Report emphasize for improving forensic practices in Canada?
What does the Goudge Report emphasize for improving forensic practices in Canada?
Which statement best captures a core principle of the scientific method in forensic science?
Which statement best captures a core principle of the scientific method in forensic science?
Which recommendation from the Goudge Report focuses on the analysis approach in forensic investigations?
Which recommendation from the Goudge Report focuses on the analysis approach in forensic investigations?
What is the term for the stage of insect development between larval and adult forms?
What is the term for the stage of insect development between larval and adult forms?
Which physiological change occurs when the body temperature decreases after death?
Which physiological change occurs when the body temperature decreases after death?
Which of the following best describes 'necrophage'?
Which of the following best describes 'necrophage'?
What type of environmental sequence is referred to as 'succession' in entomology?
What type of environmental sequence is referred to as 'succession' in entomology?
Which of the following categories of insects does NOT include species that are primarily involved in feeding on carrion?
Which of the following categories of insects does NOT include species that are primarily involved in feeding on carrion?
What is the primary significance of the postmortem interval (PMI)?
What is the primary significance of the postmortem interval (PMI)?
Which factor can influence the rates of development in insect species found on a corpse?
Which factor can influence the rates of development in insect species found on a corpse?
What does thermal summation (ADD/ADH) primarily involve?
What does thermal summation (ADD/ADH) primarily involve?
Why is DNA analysis preferred for identifying species in forensic entomology?
Why is DNA analysis preferred for identifying species in forensic entomology?
What can the analysis of larvae in entomotoxicology reveal?
What can the analysis of larvae in entomotoxicology reveal?
Which confound can affect the accuracy of thermal summation estimations?
Which confound can affect the accuracy of thermal summation estimations?
What type of information is necessary to make accurate assumptions about postmortem interval?
What type of information is necessary to make accurate assumptions about postmortem interval?
Which statement best describes the effect of drugs on larval development according to studies?
Which statement best describes the effect of drugs on larval development according to studies?
What factor could lead to an underestimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI) by up to 24 hours?
What factor could lead to an underestimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI) by up to 24 hours?
Which of the following factors did NOT contribute to the complexity of decomposing bodies in different environments?
Which of the following factors did NOT contribute to the complexity of decomposing bodies in different environments?
What key element influenced the opinion of the attending pathologist regarding the timing of Lynne Harper's death?
What key element influenced the opinion of the attending pathologist regarding the timing of Lynne Harper's death?
What procedural issue contributed to the miscarriage of justice in Steven Truscott's case?
What procedural issue contributed to the miscarriage of justice in Steven Truscott's case?
Which statement best describes the outcome of the 2007 review of Steven Truscott's conviction?
Which statement best describes the outcome of the 2007 review of Steven Truscott's conviction?
Which aspect of the expert testimony affected the reliability of the evidence presented in Truscott's trial?
Which aspect of the expert testimony affected the reliability of the evidence presented in Truscott's trial?
What was one of the main reasons for the delay in recognizing the need to revisit the evidence in Truscott's case?
What was one of the main reasons for the delay in recognizing the need to revisit the evidence in Truscott's case?
What was significantly questioned regarding the expert evidence presented during Truscott's trial?
What was significantly questioned regarding the expert evidence presented during Truscott's trial?
What is the term for the suspension of growth and development in insects, which may occur in response to environmental conditions?
What is the term for the suspension of growth and development in insects, which may occur in response to environmental conditions?
Which category of insects is specifically characterized as feeders on dead and decaying animals?
Which category of insects is specifically characterized as feeders on dead and decaying animals?
What physiological change occurs in the body where skin color reddens after death?
What physiological change occurs in the body where skin color reddens after death?
Which historical figure is known for his work related to a murder case in the 13th century that laid foundations for forensic entomology?
Which historical figure is known for his work related to a murder case in the 13th century that laid foundations for forensic entomology?
What stage occurs in the life cycle of insects between the larval and adult stages?
What stage occurs in the life cycle of insects between the larval and adult stages?
What is the primary factor that affects the oviposition of blowflies on decomposing corpses?
What is the primary factor that affects the oviposition of blowflies on decomposing corpses?
What does PMI stand for in forensic investigations?
What does PMI stand for in forensic investigations?
Which method is used to calculate thermal summation in the developmental stages of insect species?
Which method is used to calculate thermal summation in the developmental stages of insect species?
What type of DNA is commonly used to identify insect species in forensic entomology?
What type of DNA is commonly used to identify insect species in forensic entomology?
What phenomena may complicate the accuracy of estimating time of death using insect development?
What phenomena may complicate the accuracy of estimating time of death using insect development?
In entomotoxicology, the analysis of larvae can reveal what type of information?
In entomotoxicology, the analysis of larvae can reveal what type of information?
In cases where drugs are found in insect larvae, what aspect of the case could this information potentially influence?
In cases where drugs are found in insect larvae, what aspect of the case could this information potentially influence?
What is a significant assumption made when using thermal summation for estimating the postmortem interval?
What is a significant assumption made when using thermal summation for estimating the postmortem interval?
What was the estimated post-mortem interval (PMI) suggested by Gunatilake and Goff for a case involving malathion?
What was the estimated post-mortem interval (PMI) suggested by Gunatilake and Goff for a case involving malathion?
Which factor is mentioned as impacting decomposition in forensic entomology?
Which factor is mentioned as impacting decomposition in forensic entomology?
What conclusion did the OCA reach regarding Steven Truscott's conviction in 2007?
What conclusion did the OCA reach regarding Steven Truscott's conviction in 2007?
What specific evidence did Dr. Penistan provide about the timing of death in the Steven Truscott case?
What specific evidence did Dr. Penistan provide about the timing of death in the Steven Truscott case?
What aspect of the expert testimony was called into question in the case of Steven Truscott?
What aspect of the expert testimony was called into question in the case of Steven Truscott?
What key finding did the OCA allow regarding Dr. Penistan's documentation?
What key finding did the OCA allow regarding Dr. Penistan's documentation?
What influence does temperature have within the context of forensic entomology, as indicated by ongoing research?
What influence does temperature have within the context of forensic entomology, as indicated by ongoing research?
What did the 1966 publication regarding Steven Truscott's case primarily challenge?
What did the 1966 publication regarding Steven Truscott's case primarily challenge?
What is the primary function of confirmatory testing in forensic biology?
What is the primary function of confirmatory testing in forensic biology?
Which test is specifically utilized for detecting Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in semen?
Which test is specifically utilized for detecting Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) in semen?
Which step is NOT part of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) process?
Which step is NOT part of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) process?
What distinguishes Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) in DNA typing?
What distinguishes Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) in DNA typing?
What DNA evidence was found outside O.J. Simpson's residence?
What DNA evidence was found outside O.J. Simpson's residence?
Which technique was invented by Kary Mullis in 1983?
Which technique was invented by Kary Mullis in 1983?
What component of DNA is primarily responsible for heredity?
What component of DNA is primarily responsible for heredity?
In what year was CODIS updated to enhance its capabilities?
In what year was CODIS updated to enhance its capabilities?
What was the significance of Alec Jeffreys's work in 1984?
What was the significance of Alec Jeffreys's work in 1984?
What type of bodily fluids are commonly analyzed for DNA evidence at a crime scene?
What type of bodily fluids are commonly analyzed for DNA evidence at a crime scene?
What is the primary function of gel electrophoresis in DNA analysis?
What is the primary function of gel electrophoresis in DNA analysis?
Which marker is used to identify male contributors in complex DNA mixtures?
Which marker is used to identify male contributors in complex DNA mixtures?
What significant change occurred in the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) between the 1990s and 2018?
What significant change occurred in the Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) between the 1990s and 2018?
Why is mitochondrial DNA particularly useful in forensic analysis?
Why is mitochondrial DNA particularly useful in forensic analysis?
What does identity-by-descent (IBD) refer to in genetic genealogy?
What does identity-by-descent (IBD) refer to in genetic genealogy?
In which year did DNA evidence lead to the conviction of a suspect in the East Area Rapist case?
In which year did DNA evidence lead to the conviction of a suspect in the East Area Rapist case?
What is a key concern regarding the use of genealogical databases for solving crimes?
What is a key concern regarding the use of genealogical databases for solving crimes?
What type of wildlife crime does DNA profiling help to investigate?
What type of wildlife crime does DNA profiling help to investigate?
What is the main function of blood plasma?
What is the main function of blood plasma?
Which blood components are primarily responsible for the immune response?
Which blood components are primarily responsible for the immune response?
What is the significance of the Kastle-Meyer color test?
What is the significance of the Kastle-Meyer color test?
Which factor replaced traditional blood typing methods in the 1990s?
Which factor replaced traditional blood typing methods in the 1990s?
What effect does agglutination have on red blood cells?
What effect does agglutination have on red blood cells?
Which type of bloodstain pattern is created by the movement of an object through a preexisting wet bloodstain?
Which type of bloodstain pattern is created by the movement of an object through a preexisting wet bloodstain?
What is the characteristic of an altered stain in bloodstain pattern analysis?
What is the characteristic of an altered stain in bloodstain pattern analysis?
What defines an expiration pattern in bloodstain pattern analysis?
What defines an expiration pattern in bloodstain pattern analysis?
Which of the following patterns results from drops released from a moving object?
Which of the following patterns results from drops released from a moving object?
What is indicated by the area of convergence in bloodstain pattern analysis?
What is indicated by the area of convergence in bloodstain pattern analysis?
Which of the following patterns describes liquid blood accumulating on a surface?
Which of the following patterns describes liquid blood accumulating on a surface?
What kind of evidence does a directional angle provide in bloodstain pattern analysis?
What kind of evidence does a directional angle provide in bloodstain pattern analysis?
Which pattern is formed by blood that drips from a higher point into another liquid?
Which pattern is formed by blood that drips from a higher point into another liquid?
What was the primary cause of Napoleon's death as agreed upon by pathologists in 2021?
What was the primary cause of Napoleon's death as agreed upon by pathologists in 2021?
What was significant about the hair collected years after Napoleon's death?
What was significant about the hair collected years after Napoleon's death?
Which drugs were administered to Michael Jackson around the time of his death?
Which drugs were administered to Michael Jackson around the time of his death?
What issue did the Innocence Project highlight in R v.Fournel (2014)?
What issue did the Innocence Project highlight in R v.Fournel (2014)?
Which of the following was found in the urine of the DIL in R v.Fournel?
Which of the following was found in the urine of the DIL in R v.Fournel?
What was one of the errors identified in the trial of R v.Fournel?
What was one of the errors identified in the trial of R v.Fournel?
What type of drug is Diphenhydramine commonly found in?
What type of drug is Diphenhydramine commonly found in?
What conclusion did the Office of the Fire Marshall fail to recognize in R v.Fournel?
What conclusion did the Office of the Fire Marshall fail to recognize in R v.Fournel?
What is the primary bodily fluid tested for alcohol in forensic toxicology?
What is the primary bodily fluid tested for alcohol in forensic toxicology?
Which of the following statements accurately describes how long substances typically remain detectable in urine compared to blood?
Which of the following statements accurately describes how long substances typically remain detectable in urine compared to blood?
What is the significance of the metabolic process of elimination related to alcohol?
What is the significance of the metabolic process of elimination related to alcohol?
Which toxicological technique requires the sample to become volatile before analysis?
Which toxicological technique requires the sample to become volatile before analysis?
How is carbon monoxide primarily tested in forensic contexts?
How is carbon monoxide primarily tested in forensic contexts?
Which factor influences the absorption rate of substances into the bloodstream?
Which factor influences the absorption rate of substances into the bloodstream?
What is the purpose of validating roadside breath tests using blood tests?
What is the purpose of validating roadside breath tests using blood tests?
Which heavy metal is NOT a common source tested for in forensic toxicology?
Which heavy metal is NOT a common source tested for in forensic toxicology?
Which method is considered the best tool for blind quality control in forensics?
Which method is considered the best tool for blind quality control in forensics?
What type of samples is used for surveillance in the workplace?
What type of samples is used for surveillance in the workplace?
What is a primary goal of toxicological interpretation?
What is a primary goal of toxicological interpretation?
Which substance is classified under New Psychoactive Substances?
Which substance is classified under New Psychoactive Substances?
In the context of driving under the influence research, which type of blood is compared with breath alcohol concentration?
In the context of driving under the influence research, which type of blood is compared with breath alcohol concentration?
Which method is specifically used for the detection of cocaine in banknotes?
Which method is specifically used for the detection of cocaine in banknotes?
What detection method is notably utilized for analysis of LSD analogues?
What detection method is notably utilized for analysis of LSD analogues?
Which of the following drugs has a specific electrochemical detection method described for field use?
Which of the following drugs has a specific electrochemical detection method described for field use?
What technique is used for the simultaneous detection of phenacetin and paracetamol in spiked beverages?
What technique is used for the simultaneous detection of phenacetin and paracetamol in spiked beverages?
What type of analysis was conducted on 2118 cocaine samples seized in Colombia?
What type of analysis was conducted on 2118 cocaine samples seized in Colombia?
Which detection method is highlighted for the assessment of methamphetamine contamination on surfaces?
Which detection method is highlighted for the assessment of methamphetamine contamination on surfaces?
What type of spectroscopic technique was mentioned as a comparison study for detecting cocaine?
What type of spectroscopic technique was mentioned as a comparison study for detecting cocaine?
Which chemical profiling method is used for MDMA detection in seized samples?
Which chemical profiling method is used for MDMA detection in seized samples?
What is the primary focus of research concerning wild mushrooms native to North America?
What is the primary focus of research concerning wild mushrooms native to North America?
What was the unique method developed for detecting MDMA in latent fingerprints?
What was the unique method developed for detecting MDMA in latent fingerprints?
What is an accelerant typically used for in fire investigations?
What is an accelerant typically used for in fire investigations?
What can be defined as the lowest temperature at which a substance's vapors ignite?
What can be defined as the lowest temperature at which a substance's vapors ignite?
Which of the following best describes what constitutes arson as defined in the provided laws?
Which of the following best describes what constitutes arson as defined in the provided laws?
In fire investigations, what does the term 'elution' refer to?
In fire investigations, what does the term 'elution' refer to?
What is classified as an 'ignitable liquid'?
What is classified as an 'ignitable liquid'?
What does 'combustion' specifically refer to?
What does 'combustion' specifically refer to?
In terms of legal definitions, which of the following is a consequence of committing arson that involves inhabited properties?
In terms of legal definitions, which of the following is a consequence of committing arson that involves inhabited properties?
What distinguishes an incendiary from other substances?
What distinguishes an incendiary from other substances?
What is the main purpose of pyrolysis in fire investigations?
What is the main purpose of pyrolysis in fire investigations?
What significant change occurred in fire investigations in the 2000s?
What significant change occurred in fire investigations in the 2000s?
What is a common challenge when collecting accelerant residues from a fire scene?
What is a common challenge when collecting accelerant residues from a fire scene?
What factor significantly affects the persistence of ignitable liquids on materials according to Dhabbah's study?
What factor significantly affects the persistence of ignitable liquids on materials according to Dhabbah's study?
In 2021, which method was noted to have limitations in data interpretation for fire investigations?
In 2021, which method was noted to have limitations in data interpretation for fire investigations?
Which of the following techniques was highlighted for successfully capturing bloodstain patterns in fire investigations?
Which of the following techniques was highlighted for successfully capturing bloodstain patterns in fire investigations?
What did the 2017 AAAS report conclude about the methods used in fire investigations?
What did the 2017 AAAS report conclude about the methods used in fire investigations?
Which of the following studies indicated that trace amounts of ignitable liquids can be removed by laundry detergents?
Which of the following studies indicated that trace amounts of ignitable liquids can be removed by laundry detergents?
What type of evidence was crucial in the conviction of both Christopher Pullman and Adnan Syed?
What type of evidence was crucial in the conviction of both Christopher Pullman and Adnan Syed?
In digital forensics, which of the following is NOT included in the analysis of digital media?
In digital forensics, which of the following is NOT included in the analysis of digital media?
What was a significant factor that led to the arrest of the BTK Killer in 2005?
What was a significant factor that led to the arrest of the BTK Killer in 2005?
What year did the Computer Analysis and Response Team (FBI) get established?
What year did the Computer Analysis and Response Team (FBI) get established?
Which technology advancement was first introduced in 1979?
Which technology advancement was first introduced in 1979?
What type of crimes are associated with the term 'payment diversion fraud'?
What type of crimes are associated with the term 'payment diversion fraud'?
Which of the following statements about blockchain technology is true?
Which of the following statements about blockchain technology is true?
What does the term 'threat vectors' refer to in the context of digital forensics?
What does the term 'threat vectors' refer to in the context of digital forensics?
What defines evidential facts in the context of legal investigations?
What defines evidential facts in the context of legal investigations?
How do investigators initially establish the relevance of evidence in a legal case?
How do investigators initially establish the relevance of evidence in a legal case?
What is a potential limitation of significance testing in evidence evaluation?
What is a potential limitation of significance testing in evidence evaluation?
What role do courts have in the relevance of evidence presented by investigators?
What role do courts have in the relevance of evidence presented by investigators?
What aspect should be considered when calculating probabilities in evidence evaluation?
What aspect should be considered when calculating probabilities in evidence evaluation?
What is the probability of finding a tattoo on the left hand in a total population of 100,000?
What is the probability of finding a tattoo on the left hand in a total population of 100,000?
What does it imply if the probability of seeing evidence if the suspect is the offender is 1?
What does it imply if the probability of seeing evidence if the suspect is the offender is 1?
Why is the proximity of observations not sufficient to confirm identity between objects?
Why is the proximity of observations not sufficient to confirm identity between objects?
What should be considered when connecting evidence to conclusions?
What should be considered when connecting evidence to conclusions?
What is the significance of comparing means of samples to population means in evidence evaluation?
What is the significance of comparing means of samples to population means in evidence evaluation?
How much greater is the probability of evidence when the suspect's characteristic matches that of the offender?
How much greater is the probability of evidence when the suspect's characteristic matches that of the offender?
What does it mean if evidentiary values are determined to be the same, such as 1/1000?
What does it mean if evidentiary values are determined to be the same, such as 1/1000?
What does the term 'significance testing' refer to in the context of forensic evidence evaluation?
What does the term 'significance testing' refer to in the context of forensic evidence evaluation?
What does the phrase 'does not exclude' imply in evidence evaluation?
What does the phrase 'does not exclude' imply in evidence evaluation?
Which type of evidence can directly indicate that a suspect is guilty?
Which type of evidence can directly indicate that a suspect is guilty?
What is a potential problem with evaluating the value of evidence based on population size?
What is a potential problem with evaluating the value of evidence based on population size?
How should an expert witness present evidence in a case?
How should an expert witness present evidence in a case?
When considering apologizing to a suspect, which statement holds true in forensic evidence evaluation?
When considering apologizing to a suspect, which statement holds true in forensic evidence evaluation?
What does the phrase 'consistent with' imply regarding evidence understood by scientists?
What does the phrase 'consistent with' imply regarding evidence understood by scientists?
What is a critical assumption in evaluating evidence against a population?
What is a critical assumption in evaluating evidence against a population?
What is the main flaw identified in using characteristics for evidence evaluation?
What is the main flaw identified in using characteristics for evidence evaluation?
Flashcards
Impression Evidence
Impression Evidence
Physical evidence left behind at a crime scene, including things like fingerprints, tool marks, bullet casings, tire tracks, footprints, and bite marks.
Class Characteristic (evidence)
Class Characteristic (evidence)
Features of evidence that can be associated with a group of items, but not a single, unique item. Not unique!
Individual Characteristic (evidence)
Individual Characteristic (evidence)
Features of evidence that are unique to a single source. Very specific!
Bullet Striation Comparison
Bullet Striation Comparison
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Tire Impression Evidence
Tire Impression Evidence
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Footwear Impression Evidence
Footwear Impression Evidence
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Bite Mark Analysis
Bite Mark Analysis
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St. Valentine's Day Massacre (1929)
St. Valentine's Day Massacre (1929)
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Fingerprints
Fingerprints
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Tool Marks
Tool Marks
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Firearm Evidence
Firearm Evidence
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Tire Impressions
Tire Impressions
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Footwear Impressions
Footwear Impressions
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Bite Mark Evidence
Bite Mark Evidence
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Forensic Bitemark Analysis Limitations
Forensic Bitemark Analysis Limitations
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Collection Methods
Collection Methods
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Bertillonage
Bertillonage
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Lacassagne's Contribution
Lacassagne's Contribution
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The Importance of Collaboration
The Importance of Collaboration
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Forensic Anthropology
Forensic Anthropology
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Ballistics
Ballistics
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Forensic Toxicology
Forensic Toxicology
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Locard's Exchange Principle
Locard's Exchange Principle
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Ancient Egyptian Law
Ancient Egyptian Law
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Ancient Jewish Law
Ancient Jewish Law
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Ancient Roman Law
Ancient Roman Law
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Medieval European Law
Medieval European Law
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Washing Away of Wrongs
Washing Away of Wrongs
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Toxicology: Orfila (18th Century)
Toxicology: Orfila (18th Century)
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Anthropometry: Bertillon (1879)
Anthropometry: Bertillon (1879)
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Interpol
Interpol
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Natural Fibres
Natural Fibres
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Manufactured Fibres
Manufactured Fibres
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Trace Evidence
Trace Evidence
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Associative Traces
Associative Traces
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Interrogatable Traces
Interrogatable Traces
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Vehicular Homicides
Vehicular Homicides
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Fibre Evidence
Fibre Evidence
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Tape Lifts
Tape Lifts
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Microplastic Shedding
Microplastic Shedding
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SHUTTLE Project
SHUTTLE Project
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Confocal Microscopy
Confocal Microscopy
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Microspectrophotometry
Microspectrophotometry
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Raman Spectroscopy
Raman Spectroscopy
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Textile Damage Working Group (TDWG)
Textile Damage Working Group (TDWG)
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Rounded Tip Knives & Fabric
Rounded Tip Knives & Fabric
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HMWPE Fabric Stab Resistance
HMWPE Fabric Stab Resistance
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Factors Affecting Stab Resistance
Factors Affecting Stab Resistance
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Heat Damage on Fabrics
Heat Damage on Fabrics
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Light Damage on Fabrics
Light Damage on Fabrics
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Weathering Effects on Fabrics
Weathering Effects on Fabrics
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Oil-and-Water Repellent Fabrics
Oil-and-Water Repellent Fabrics
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Decomp Fluid on Clothing
Decomp Fluid on Clothing
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Knife Tip & Fabric Penetration
Knife Tip & Fabric Penetration
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FTIR Spectroscopy for Paint
FTIR Spectroscopy for Paint
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ATR-FTIR
ATR-FTIR
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Raman Spectroscopy for Paint
Raman Spectroscopy for Paint
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Tape Lifting for Trace Evidence
Tape Lifting for Trace Evidence
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Glass Refractive Index (RI)
Glass Refractive Index (RI)
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Chemical Analysis of Glass
Chemical Analysis of Glass
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Fractography for Glass
Fractography for Glass
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3D Spectral Analysis for Glass
3D Spectral Analysis for Glass
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Fingerprints: Formation
Fingerprints: Formation
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Fingerprint Principles: Uniqueness
Fingerprint Principles: Uniqueness
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Fingerprint Principles: Permanence
Fingerprint Principles: Permanence
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Fingerprint Principles: Classification
Fingerprint Principles: Classification
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Adermatoglyphia
Adermatoglyphia
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Temporary Fingerprint Changes
Temporary Fingerprint Changes
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Permanent Fingerprint Changes
Permanent Fingerprint Changes
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Fingerprint Misidentification: Shirley McKie
Fingerprint Misidentification: Shirley McKie
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Fingerprint Types
Fingerprint Types
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Level 1 Detail
Level 1 Detail
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Level 2 Detail
Level 2 Detail
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Level 3 Detail
Level 3 Detail
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What are the three methods of fingerprint collection?
What are the three methods of fingerprint collection?
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IAFIS
IAFIS
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Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)
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LQMetric algorithm
LQMetric algorithm
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Fingerprint Examiner Performance
Fingerprint Examiner Performance
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Minutiae
Minutiae
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Prior Probability of Identity
Prior Probability of Identity
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Levels of Fingerprint Detail
Levels of Fingerprint Detail
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Fingerprint Identification Challenges
Fingerprint Identification Challenges
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Fingerprint Identification Requirements
Fingerprint Identification Requirements
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What are the threats to the validity of forensic source conclusions?
What are the threats to the validity of forensic source conclusions?
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Fingerprint Composition
Fingerprint Composition
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Fingerprint Ageing: Molecular Change
Fingerprint Ageing: Molecular Change
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Fingerprint Ageing: Ridge Width
Fingerprint Ageing: Ridge Width
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ACE-V: A Standardized Approach?
ACE-V: A Standardized Approach?
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Squalene and Cholesterol
Squalene and Cholesterol
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Sex Determination from Fingerprints
Sex Determination from Fingerprints
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Age Estimation from Fingerprints
Age Estimation from Fingerprints
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Nicotine Presence in Fingerprints
Nicotine Presence in Fingerprints
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Fingerprint Visualization with Nanoparticles
Fingerprint Visualization with Nanoparticles
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Cyanoacrylate Fuming
Cyanoacrylate Fuming
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Fingerprints on Cartridge Casings
Fingerprints on Cartridge Casings
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Fingerprints on Other Substrates
Fingerprints on Other Substrates
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Ear Prints
Ear Prints
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Mobile LiveScan for Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)
Mobile LiveScan for Disaster Victim Identification (DVI)
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Threats to Forensic Source Conclusions
Threats to Forensic Source Conclusions
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What are the two main purposes of analyzing fingerprints?
What are the two main purposes of analyzing fingerprints?
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ACE-V
ACE-V
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Fingerprint Sex Determination
Fingerprint Sex Determination
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Cyanoacrylate Fuming for Fingerprints
Cyanoacrylate Fuming for Fingerprints
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Ear Prints for Identification
Ear Prints for Identification
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Ammunition DNA
Ammunition DNA
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Fired Cartridge Fingerprints
Fired Cartridge Fingerprints
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Shooting Reconstruction
Shooting Reconstruction
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Critical Angle (Shooting Reconstruction)
Critical Angle (Shooting Reconstruction)
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Wood Surface Bullet Impact
Wood Surface Bullet Impact
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Firing Pin Impression Topography
Firing Pin Impression Topography
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Firing Pin Impressions in Burst Mode
Firing Pin Impressions in Burst Mode
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Homemade Firearms and Markings
Homemade Firearms and Markings
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Examiner vs. Computer Accuracy
Examiner vs. Computer Accuracy
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CMC (Congruent Matching Cells)
CMC (Congruent Matching Cells)
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CMPS (Congruent Matching Profile Segments)
CMPS (Congruent Matching Profile Segments)
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Micro-CT for Firearms Analysis
Micro-CT for Firearms Analysis
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Ballistic Imaging Database
Ballistic Imaging Database
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What are lands and grooves?
What are lands and grooves?
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What is caliber?
What is caliber?
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What are individual characteristics for firearm identification?
What are individual characteristics for firearm identification?
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What is the IBIS?
What is the IBIS?
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What is NIBIN?
What is NIBIN?
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What are the current topics in firearm analysis?
What are the current topics in firearm analysis?
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What are the validation studies on firearm identification?
What are the validation studies on firearm identification?
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What are the parameters affecting firearm identification?
What are the parameters affecting firearm identification?
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What is the ACE-V method?
What is the ACE-V method?
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Homemade Parts: Unusual Markings
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Study Notes
Impression Evidence
- Forensic science lecture on impression evidence, September 13th.
- Course code: FRSC2030H, Foundations in Forensic Science.
- Course update: Lab 01 commenced, readings posted, and teaching assistant (TA) contact information provided.
St. Valentine's Day Massacre (1929)
- Occurred during Prohibition.
- Seven gang members executed.
- Ballistic evidence examined, linking weapons to the crime, via bullet striation analysis. This helped establish a link between firearms and the crime scene.
- Likely a gangland-related incident stemming from mob rivalry.
- Involved Fred "Killer" Burke and a drunk driving incident leading to a police officer's death.
- Subsequent home raid.
Ted Bundy (1970s)
- Crimes included aggravated kidnapping, attempted murder, burglary, and murder.
- Bite mark analysis played a role in his conviction; however, a 2023 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) report highlighted a serious lack of scientific foundation for bite mark analysis. This includes the lack of unique patterns, inconsistent transfer to skin, limited research into population frequencies in terms of tooth/jaw structure, and observed intra-individual variability in bite mark morphology and the way impressions appear on skin over time. Reliability in making links between bite marks and specific individuals is not supported by scientific data.
- A bite mark was left on a victim's buttocks, compared to casts of his teeth, which, as per NIST 2023, lacks scientific justification and the analysis likely had deficiencies.
Russell Williams (2010)
- Former Colonel at CFB Trenton.
- Disappeared on January 28th.
- Impressions of his footwear and tire tracks linked to his car, contributing to his apprehension and conviction.
- Charged with murder, forcible confinement, and multiple break-ins.
Types of Impression Evidence
- Fingerprints, tool marks, bullet casing marks, tire marks, footprints, bite marks, and other impressions (e.g., footwear) are examples of impression evidence.
Evidence Characteristics
- Class characteristics: General characteristics associated with a larger group, not a unique source (e.g., shoe size, tire tread pattern, general shape). These are helpful but not sufficient for unique identification.
- Individual characteristics: Unique characteristics of a specific source (e.g., specific wear marks in the bottom of a shoe, nicks on a tool, unique details in a tire tread). As shown by the NIST report on bite mark analysis, even with individual characteristics, reliability issues exist; meaning these are not always reliable indicators of a singular source.
Collection Methods
- 3D: Dental stone, sulfur cement, snow wax casting for creating three-dimensional impressions. Impressions can also be gathered by creating physical casts at the scene using various materials.
- 2D: Powders, chemical developers (cyanoacrylate, DFO), photographs (emphasizing shadows and lighting), for documenting two-dimensional impressions. Powders like black powder and chemical developers like iodine and ninhydrin can be used at the scene to lift latent prints, or to determine the material composition of the impression.
Bite Mark Evidence
- Teeth can leave impressions (bruises) frequently in assault cases.
- Dental x-rays and casts are used for comparison.
- A 2023 NIST report highlighted serious issues with bite mark analysis, including the lack of unique patterns, inconsistent transfer to skin, lack of consistent population studies, observed intra-individual variability in bite mark morphology, and the way impressions appear on skin over time. Reliability in making links between bite marks and specific individuals is not supported by scientific data. The analysis likely had deficiencies.
Fingerprints
- No two fingers have precisely the same ridge characteristics.
- Ridge patterns remain relatively consistent throughout a person's life, enabling classification.
- Lifting methods include powder, chemical developers (ninhydrin, DFO) and other techniques like cyanoacrylate fuming, to raise latent prints.
Tool Marks
- Tool imperfections (nicks, chips, striations) found on the tool can be linked to the marks or impressions they create.
Firearms
- Bullets and casings can be traced back to a specific firearm using unique land and groove markings.
- Modifications like silencers further complicate analysis by obscuring or changing the unique characteristics; affecting the reliability of identification, reducing the confidence from analysis.
Tire Impressions
- Tire impressions can identify the type, make, model, direction, speed, and condition, and, critically, wear marks of a vehicle; this is essential for a reliable analysis.
Footwear Impressions
- Shoe size, weight displacement, running/walking patterns, and injury-related impressions can all provide characteristics for analysis & comparison and assist in identification. Footwear impressions may potentially link the suspect to the scene and/or victim.
Collection Methods
- 2D: Powders, chemical developers (cyanoacrylate, DFO), photographs (emphasizing shadows and lighting), for documenting two-dimensional impressions. Powder dusting/lifting may aid in visualizing latent prints, and chemical development is useful for revealing traces on various surfaces.
- 3D: Dental stone, sulfur cement, snow wax casting and other specialized casting techniques may be helpful for creating a three-dimensional impression of the footprint.
Bite Mark Evidence
- Teeth can leave impressions (bruises) frequently in assault cases.
- Dental x-rays and casts are used for comparison.
- A 2023 NIST report highlighted serious issues with bite mark analysis, including the lack of unique patterns, inconsistent transfer to skin, lack of consistent population studies, observed intra-individual variability in bite mark morphology, and the way impressions appear on skin over time. Reliability in making links between bite marks and specific individuals is not supported by scientific data. The analysis likely has deficiencies.
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Description
Test your knowledge on impression evidence in forensic science, including key cases such as the St. Valentine's Day Massacre and notable criminals like Ted Bundy and Russell Williams. This quiz covers various aspects of forensic analysis techniques and famous crime cases relevant to the course material from FRSC2030H.
