Lec 1 Introduction to research Doha.pdf

INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH Dr. Doha Al-Afify Lecturer, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, BUC Objectives:. ▪ To define research. ▪ To know types of research. ▪ To understand characteristics of good research. What Is Research??????? ▪ A process of solving proble...

INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH Dr. Doha Al-Afify Lecturer, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Physical Therapy, BUC Objectives:. ▪ To define research. ▪ To know types of research. ▪ To understand characteristics of good research. What Is Research??????? ▪ A process of solving problems and resolving previously unanswered questions. This is done by careful consideration or examination of a subject or occurrence. ▪ Although approach and specific objectives may vary, the goal of research always is to discover new knowledge. ▪ In biomedical research, this may include the description of a new phenomenon, the definition of a new relationship, the development of a new model, or the application of an existing principle or procedure to a new context. Research Is :. ▪ A systematic process of collecting and analyzing data in order to increase our understanding of phenomena about which we are concerned or interested. ▪ Finding a solution to a problem in a logical and systematic fashion. ▪ The process by which we determine whether what we do as a physical therapist makes a difference in the lives of the people we serve  So Research is: ▪ “Research is a systematic effort to gain new knowledge.” Research Functions:. ▪ Answer questions, solving problems make a decision. ▪ See and understand how and why a Problem or phenomena exists. ▪ Discover new things and idea. ▪ Validate existing theory and add a new one. ▪ Identify and understand the causes and effects of Problem or phenomena. Research Is………………. Types of research Scientific Research Types ▪Scientific research is divided in to two types ▪ 1) Conceptual research: Pen and Paper Method Conceptual focuses on the concept or theory that explains or describes the Phenomena being studied. ▪ What causes the disease? ▪ How can we describe the motions of the planet? ▪ The Conceptual researcher sits on his desk with pen in his hands and tries to solve problems by thinking about them. ▪ He does no experiments but make use of observations by others. Until fairly recently conceptual research was considered the most honorable form of research_ it required using the brain, no the hands Scientific Research Types ▪ 2) Empirical research: ▪ Is a methodological approach to solve problems in which decisions are based on findings and conclusions established as a result of analyzing collected data about variables and the relationships that connect them. ▪ Data are collected through observation or experimentation and later analyzed through a series of statistical analyses to determine results. ▪ The results of research often lead to more questions and more area of investigations. Characteristics of Research ▪ 1. It should be systematic. ▪ 2. It should be Objective ▪ 3. It should contribute to generalizable knowledge ▪ 4. It should be logical. ▪ 5. It should be empirical. ▪ 6. It should be reductive. ▪ 7. It should be replicable and transmittable. It should be systematic. ▪ As it starts with question that need answer for it. ▪ The research should be well-organized and follow a logical, systematic process. It Should be objective: ▪ It refers to the findings related to the method of data collection and scoring of the responses. The research design should permit the measuring instruments which are fairly objective in which every observer or judge scoring the performance must precisely give the same report. It should contribute to generalizable knowledge ▪ It means how best the data collected from the samples can be utilized for drawing certain generalizations applicable to a large group from which sample is drawn. ▪ Thus a research design helps an investigator to generalize his findings provided he has taken due care in defining the population, selecting the sample, deriving appropriate statistical analysis etc. while preparing the research design. Thus a good research design is one which is methodologically prepared and should ensure that generalization is possible. 2. It should be logical. ▪ The research should be logical. Without manipulating ideas logically, the scientific researcher cannot make much progress in any investigation. ▪ Logic is used to generalize from the results of the particular study to a broader context It should be reductive ▪ The research should be reductive. This means that one researcher’s findings should be made available to other researchers to prevent them from repeating the same research. It should be Empirical ▪ Its finindings must be based on or supported by carfully collecting and analyzing data. It should be Replicable and transmittable: ▪ It can be done again or repeated (Applied in new settings) Conculsion ▪ Research should be organized, systematic, data-based critical inquiry or investigation into specific problem, with the objective of answering it or finding solution for it.