Introduction To Research In Physical Activity PDF

C H A P T E R 1 Introduction to Research in Physical Activity Chapter 1  Learning Objectives Describe Describe the five characteristics of research. Define and distinguish Define and distinguish between basic research and applied...

C H A P T E R 1 Introduction to Research in Physical Activity Chapter 1  Learning Objectives Describe Describe the five characteristics of research. Define and distinguish Define and distinguish between basic research and applied research. Discuss Discuss what is involved in quality research. Describe Describe the different types of research, the research setting, and the parts of the research paper.  Five Characteristics of Research Systematic – Plan and identify variables – Design to test relationships – Collect data – Evaluate relationships Logical – Examine procedures to evaluate conclusions  Five Characteristics of Research (continued) Empirical – Decisions are based on data Reductive – General relationships are established from data Replicable – Actions are recorded  Continuum of Basic to Applied Research Level I—Basic research – Goal: Theory-driven – Approach: Laboratory Level II—Moderate relevance – Goal: Theory-based using relevant movements – Approach: Similar to real-world task or setting Level III—Applied research – Goal: Immediate solutions – Approach: Real-world settings  Basic vs. Applied Research Basic Applied Research question: Research question: – What affect would – Which program is inhibition of gastric more effective in inhibitory polypeptide losing weight? signaling have on Comparison of a obesity? jogging program to an Mice used aerobic dance program. https://www.nature.com/articles/nm727  Applied Research Example: Is the Example Ecologically Valid? Treatment: jogging, aerobic dance and control group Dependent variable: bioelectric impedance Ecological validity Does the participant perceive the research as intended? Is the setting real-world enough to generalize?  Quality Research Begins Research begins with knowledge of the field, thus Research begins “at the library” Searching Reviewing Critically analyzing Integrating Effectively summarizing the literature In order to identify and delimit a problem  Computer Searches Discussion with Librarian Thrift Library (https://andersonuniversity.libguides.com/) – ONESEARCH – Databases Other Databases – Google Scholar  Quality Research Aligns Specifying and defining testable hypotheses Designing research to test the hypotheses Selecting, describing, testing, and treating the participants Analyzing and reporting the results Discussing the meaning and implications of the findings as related to the hypotheses  Reading Research Become familiar with relevant publications. Read studies of interest. Read as a practitioner would. Read the abstract first. Don’t worry too much about the statistics. Be critical but objective. Scientific Method of Problem Solving Step 1: developing the problem/Question (defining and delimiting it) Step 2: formulating the hypotheses Step 3: gathering the data Step 4: analyzing and interpreting results  Types of Research Analytical – Historical – Philosophic – Reviews – Research synthesis (meta-analysis) Descriptive research – Questionnaire – Interview – Normative survey (continued)  Types of Research (continued) Other types of descriptive research – Case study – Job analysis – Observational research – Developmental studies – Correlational studies Epidemiologic research Experimental research: establishes cause and effect Qualitative research: uses a different paradigm  Figure 1.2 – The Total Research Setting Facts Facts Trends Generalize https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/inductive-deductive-reasoning/  Parts of Your Team’s Research Proposal : Research plan – Abstract – Introduction – Literature review – Method – Completing the Research  Team Research and beginning your team’s research. Set Teams Discuss topic areas for research problem  C H A P T E R 2 Developing the Problem and Using the Literature Chapter 2  Learning Objectives Describe Describe the selection of the problem. Discuss Discuss the literature review needed for the team’s research.  Examine Your List of Topics and Problems 1. Is there a problem that particularly interests you? 2. Do you have or can you learn the techniques necessary? 3. Is the problem practical in terms of time, cost, and equipment? 4. Is there potential to examine cause? 5. Is the problem meaningful and worthwhile? Reading and Recording the Literature Primary sources Have a system to record (table 2.1) information Include the complete and correct citation Reading and Recording the Literature (Table 2.1) Statement of the problem – (maybe hypotheses) Characteristics of the participants Instruments and tests used Testing procedure Variables: independent and dependent Treatments applied (continued) Reading and Recording the Literature (Table 2.1 continued) Design and statistical analysis Major findings Questions for further study Citations to other studies Chapter 1 Review of Research Figure 1.2 – The Total Research Setting  Parts of Your Team’s Research Proposal : Research plan – Abstract – Introduction Problem and hypotheses – Literature review Leading logically from the problem to the hypotheses to the methods – Method Participants Instruments and measurements Procedures Design and analysis Scientific Method of Problem Solving Step 1: developing the problem/Question (defining and delimiting it) – Independent Variable (Researcher Manipulates) – Dependent Variable (Effect of the Independent Variable) Example: The effect of stress on HR – Stress – Independent – HR - Dependent Step 2: formulating the hypotheses – Expected Result Scientific Method of Problem Solving (continued) Step 3: gathering the data – Internal Validity – the extent to which the results can be attributed to the treatment – External Validity – Generalizability (apply to real world) Step 4: analyzing and interpreting results  Parts of Your Team’s Research Proposal : Research plan – Abstract – Introduction Problem and hypotheses – Literature review Leading logically from the problem to the hypotheses to the methods – Method Participants Instruments and measurements Procedures Design and analysis  Parts of Your Team’s Research Completing the Research – Results – Discussion and conclusions – (editing the methods to past tense) – Research Poster  C H A P T E R 2 Developing the Problem and Using the Literature (Continued) Chapter 2  Purposes of the Literature Review Identifying the problem/question Developing hypotheses Developing the method  Writing the Literature Review Developing a topical outline Organizing – Helping the reader – Using headings How much information to give – Critical studies – Related studies  Writing the Literature Review (Continued) Structure of the review – Introduction Introduction explains the purpose and organization of the review – The body is organized around topics Not an annotated bibliography Use headings based on your outline Identify critical versus related studies – The summary and conclusions focus on implications and future recommendations