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# Nationalism in Europe ## Highlights of the Text - The spirit of nationalism in Europe started spreading from the Renaissance period, but it began to show its true form after the success of the French Revolution of 1789. - Napoleon Bonaparte was also responsible for spreading nationalism by con...

# Nationalism in Europe ## Highlights of the Text - The spirit of nationalism in Europe started spreading from the Renaissance period, but it began to show its true form after the success of the French Revolution of 1789. - Napoleon Bonaparte was also responsible for spreading nationalism by conquering several small states and creating larger countries. - He paved the way for the unification of Italy and Germany. - The victorious powers of Europe held a conference in Bayana, hosted by Metternich, who was a fierce reactionary. The purpose of this conference was to destroy the system which had been established by Napoleon. - European powers, such as Britain, Prussia, Russia and Austria, participated in this conference. - With Metternich's influence, it was decided that the ancient system should be continued. Italy was again divided into several territories and the Bourbon dynasty was re-established. - However, reformists were not willing to surrender and figures like Mezzani, Kabur, and Garibaldi stood in opposition. - The unification of Italy on one hand and Germany on the other was accomplished thanks to their efforts. - Bismarck was also a supporter of the new system and was made Chancellor of Germany. - Encouraged by the unification of Italy and Germany, the Greeks also began to feel a sense of independence. - Ancient Greece, a country with a proud history, suffered under the rule of the Ottoman Empire. - Ancient Greece provided many great contributions to the world in literature, philosophy, art, and medicine. - Unani medicine is still accepted in the world today and is comparable to Ayurveda. - Greece contained all the elements necessary to create a strong national identity: a shared religion, culture, language, and caste. - The Greeks, as a result, started to try and break free from Ottoman rule. - After many uprisings, Turkey finally agreed to negotiate an end to their rule in Greece. Although Turkey received support from Egypt, the war ended in defeat. - Greece finally successfully became an independent nation. - The feeling of nationalism in Europe became stronger and spread all over the world, leading to imperialism. - Imperialists not only took over Africa and Asia but spread their influence to North and South America and Australia. - Indigenous people in these regions either were killed or driven away into the wilderness.