Intro To Kinesiology Miss Hina Past Lectures (Jan 2024) PDF

INTRODUCTION TO KINESIOLOGY  1-1   Kinesiology & Body Mechanics   Kinesiology - study of motion or human movement  Anatomic kinesiology - study of human musculoskeletal system & musculotendinous system...

INTRODUCTION TO KINESIOLOGY  1-1   Kinesiology & Body Mechanics   Kinesiology - study of motion or human movement  Anatomic kinesiology - study of human musculoskeletal system & musculotendinous system 1-3  Kinesiology & Body Mechanics   Structural kinesiology - study of muscles as they are involved in science of movement  Both skeletal & muscular structures are involved  Bones are different sizes & shapes  particularly at the joints, which allow or limit movement 1-4  Kinesiology & Body Mechanics   Muscles vary greatly in size, shape, & structure from one part of body to another  More than 600 muscles are found in human body 1-5  Who needs Kinesiology?   Anatomists, coaches, strength and conditioning specialists, personal trainers, nurses, physical educators, physical therapists, physicians, athletic trainers, massage therapists & others in health-related fields 1-6  Why Kinesiology?   Should have an adequate knowledge & understanding of all large muscle groups to teach others how to strengthen, improve, & maintain these parts of human body  Should not only know how & what to do in relation to conditioning & training but also know why specific exercises are done in conditioning & training of athletes 1-7  Why Kinesiology?   Through kinesiology & analysis of skills, physical educators can understand & improve specific aspects of physical conditioning 1-8  Biomechanics  Mechanics is the branch of physics that analyzes the action of forces on particles and mechanical systems   SUBDIVISIONS OF BIOMECHANICS  Kinematics Study of the description of motion, including considerations of space and time.  Kinetics Study of the action of forces.  OSTEOKINEMATICS   Gross movements of bones at joints Flexion / extension Abduction / adduction Internal rotation / external rotation   ARTHROKINEMATICS   Small amplitude motions of bones at joint surface Roll Glide (or slide) Spin   Reference positions   basis from which to describe joint movements  Anatomical position  Fundamental position 1-16  Reference positions  Anatomical position  most widely used & accurate for all aspects of the body, standing in an upright posture, facing straight ahead, feet parallel and close, & palms facing forward 1-17    Fundamental position is essentially same as anatomical position except arms are at the sides & palms facing the body  Basic Terminologies:   Anterior  Posterior  Medial  Lateral  Superior/Cephalad  Inferior/Caudal  Anatomical directional terminology  Posterior  Anterior behind, in back, or  in front or in the front part in the rear  Anteroinferior  Posteroinferior  in front & below behind & below; in back & below  Posterolateral  Anterosuperior behind & to one side,  in front & above specifically to the outside 1-20  Anatomical directional  Anterolateral terminology  Posteromedial  in front & to the side, behind & to the especially the outside inner side  Anteromedial  Posterosuperior  in front & toward the behind & at the inner side or midline upper part  Anteroposterior  relating to both front & rear 1-21  Anatomical directional terminology   Contralateral  pertaining or relating to the opposite side  Ipsilateral  on the same side  Bilateral  relating to the right and left sides of the body or of a body structure such as the right & left extremities 1-22  Anatomical directional Inferior (infra) terminology  below in relation to another structure; caudal Superior (supra)  above in relation to another structure; higher, cephalic Distal  situated away from the center or midline of the body, or away from the point of origin Proximal  nearest the trunk or the point of origin Lateral  on or to the side 1-23   Anatomical directional  Inferolateral terminology  below & to the outside  Inferomedial  below & toward the midline or inside  Superolateral  above & to the outside  Superomedial  above & toward the midline or inside 1-24 Anatomical directional terminology   Caudal  below in relation to another structure; inferior  Cephalic  above in relation to another structure; higher, superior 1-25  Anatomical directional terminology   Deep  beneath or below the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue  Superficial  near the surface; used to describe relative depth or location of muscles or tissue 1-26  Anatomical directional terminology   Prone  the body lying face downward; stomach lying  Supine  lying on the back; face upward position of the body 1-27  Anatomical directional  Dorsal terminology  relating to the back; being or located near,  on, or toward the back, posterior part, or upper surface of  Ventral  relating to the belly or abdomen, on or toward the front, anterior part of 1-28  Anatomical directional terminology   Palmar  relating to palm of the hand or sole of the foot  Plantar  relating to the sole or undersurface of the foot 1-29 Body surface  1-30  Body  Regions Axial   Cephalic (Head)  Cervical (Neck)  Trunk  Appendicular  Upper limbs  Lower limbs 1-31  Body regions  Axial   Cephalic (Head)  Cranium & Face  Cervical (Neck)  Trunk  Thoracic (Thorax), Dorsal (Back), Abdominal (Abdomen), & Pelvic (Pelvis) 1-32  Body regions   Appendicular  Upper limbs  Shoulder, arm, forearm, & manual  Lower limbs  Thigh, leg, & pedal 1-33  Skeletal System  © 2007 McGraw-Hill Higher 1-34 Education. All rights reserved.  Osteology  Adult skeleton   206 bones  Axial skeleton  80 bones  Appendicular  126 bones  occasional variations 1-35  Skeletal Functions 1. Protection of heart, lungs, brain, etc. 2. Support to maintain posture  3. Movement by serving as points of attachment for muscles and acting as levers 4. Mineral storage such as calcium & phosphorus 5. Hemopoiesis – in vertebral bodies, femus, humerus, ribs, & sternum  process of blood cell formation in the red bone marrow 1-36  Types of bones   Long bones - humerus, fibula  Short bones - carpals, tarsals  Flat bones - skull, scapula  Irregular bones - pelvis, ethmoid, ear ossicles  Sesamoid bones – patella & pisiform bone only 1-37  QUESTIONS?????  …thank you