OCR Biology Past Paper - Unit 3 (PDF)

Name: _______________________________________ Date: _________ Unit 3: Energy Processes Study Guide Learning Targets Identify your confidence for following learning targets by highlighting the targets: Green for Confident Yellow for U...

Name: _______________________________________ Date: _________ Unit 3: Energy Processes Study Guide Learning Targets Identify your confidence for following learning targets by highlighting the targets: Green for Confident Yellow for Uncertain Red for Confused Energy and Life a. I can define Energy b. I can describe the role of ATP in living organisms c. I can describe the ATP Cycle d. I can describe the structure of ATP and how ATP stores & releases energy e. I can compare and contrast autotrophs and heterotrophs f. I can identify the process autotrophs use to convert solar energy into chemical energy Photosynthesis Overview a. I can define pigments b. I can identify the main pigment in plants and identify its role in photosynthesis c. I can interpret an absorption spectrum graph d. I can identify the organelle where photosynthesis occurs e. I can summarize the 2 stages of photosynthesis f. I can write the photosynthesis equation g. I can explain the relationship between the light-dependent and light independent stages of photosynthesis h. I can identify oxidation and reduction i. I can describe the NADPH cycle j. I can explain the light dependent and it’s inputs and outputs k. I can explain the calvin cycle and it’s inputs and outputs l. I can define chemiosmosis and its role in ATP production m. I know the limiting factors of photosynthesis Cellular Respiration Overview a. I can describe where organisms get energy and the role of cellular respiration. b. I can write the overall cellular respiration equation. c. I can describe the difference between aerobic and anaerobic and their respective processes d. I can define chemiosmosis and its explain role in ATP production The Process of Cellular Respiration a. I can summarize the 3 stages of cellular respiration and the relative amounts of ATP produced. b. I can provide the inputs and outputs of each step of cellular respiration c. I can explain the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis.  Fermentation a. I can identify the two types of fermentation and their relationship to glycolysis. Concepts Review Answer the following questions to assess your understanding of the concepts. Once completed, be sure to check the answer key to ensure your understanding is correct Energy and Life 1. Define energy: ability to do work 2. What is the difference between ADP and ATP? ADP has two phosphates ATP has three 3. Fill in the following diagram ATP phosphorylation ATP Hydrolysis absorbed released ADP 4. What is an autotroph? What is a heterotroph? An autotroph produces their own glucose _____________________________________________________________ A heterotroph consumes glucose from another _____________________________________________________________ source their food _____________________________________________________________ 5. Does it make sense for a plant cell to have mitochondria? Why or why not yes plants need to convert glucose ATP to _____________________________________________________________ into use for energy for cellular work _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Photosynthesis 6. Write the equation for photosynthesis including the reactants and products. 60 6H20 sunlight Cutty0 ________________________________ → ____________________________ 6020 put a square around the molecules of the light dependent reaction put a circle around the molecules of the calvin cycle 7. Using the equation above as a word bank, fill in the diagram below light H2O CO2 NADP LDR ATP Calyle chloroplast 02 attic06 8. Describe how water is being oxidized in the light dependent reaction. What is that process called? Why is water being oxidized? Water oxidized through process called photolysis a _____________________________________________________________ is An electron is stolen from water to replenish the _____________________________________________________________ excited from 0811 _____________________________________________________________ e 9. What role does chlorophyll play in the process of photosynthesis? Where is chlorophyll located? chloropyll is located in PSII _____________________________________________________________ PSI Chlorophyll absorbs light to excite the e to _____________________________________________________________ down the electron transport chai _____________________________________________________________ go 10. Describe why the calvin cycle models reduction. In 2 of reduction phosphoglycerate _____________________________________________________________ phase photosynthesis electrons from NADPH to become G3P _____________________________________________________________ gains 11. How does the light dependent reaction play a role in the reduction of CO2. the LDR produces the NADPH ATP _____________________________________________________________ that will reduce _____________________________________________________________ phosphoglycerate _____________________________________________________________ 12. Fill in the table below oxidization reduction lost gained 13. Describe how the light dependent reaction and the calvin cycle are reliant on one another in regards to NADPH and ATP The LDR produces ATP which _____________________________________________________________NADPH are used in the calvin cycle to reduce phosphoglycerate _____________________________________________________________ to G3P to make glucose Once oxidized NADP _____________________________________________________________ the 5 ADP are need in the LDR to pick 14. How could you tell, just by looking, if a leaf contains e store energy up chlorophyll or carotenoid pigments? The plant with carotenoid pigment will reflect _____________________________________________________________ yellow orange red The chlorophyll plant a will _____________________________________________________________ reflect green the colors not absorbed will be effected  15. Draw a graph for each of the following limiting factors: Temperature, Light, Co2 n light temp or enzymes will Max of how denature enzymes in calvin fast photosynthesis Cellular Respiration can happen cycle will become saturated 16. Write the equation for Cellular respiration below. 6027 Cult206 6002 6H20 ____________________________ → ______________________________ 36 ATP 17. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration related in terms of inputs and outputs? and cell resp are almost exact _____________________________________________________________ photosyn opposites The inputs of cell resp are the _____________________________________________________________ out puts of photosynthesis _____________________________________________________________ 18. Using the equation above as a word bank, label the diagram below: 02 glycolysis Krebs ETC 62 Had ATP ATP ATP  19. Fill in the table below Step Inputs Outputs Location (be Aerobic or specific) Anaerobic? Gylcolysis Cultivo aid 2 ATP after cytoplasm anaerobic Kreb’s Cycle 2 PyrovicAcid 2 ATP 6002 matrix aerobic Electron pigeon intimonaria Transport 602 6H20 aerobic Chain 32 ATP membrane mitochondria Total amount of ATP: 36 20. Why is glycolysis necessary for the function of the Krebs cycle ? _____________________________________________________________ produces 2 Pyrovic Acid which is used _____________________________________________________________ glycolysis to produce CoA which powers the Kreb's cycle _____________________________________________________________ Acetyl 21. Why is the Kreb’s cycle considered aerobic? the Kreb's cycle needs oxygen to pick up the _____________________________________________________________ e s from the ETC so the NADH FADH can _____________________________________________________________ continue to drop off e is _____________________________________________________________ 22. What is oxygen used for in the electron transport chain? is the final electron _____________________________________________________________ Oxygen acceptor meaning it takes the e from the electron _____________________________________________________________ transport chain allowing the to chain _____________________________________________________________ keepmoving 23. How does the presence of the e- in the ETC result in the production of ATP. the _____________________________________________________________ c is open the cytochrome complexes that allow for Ht to flow to the inner membrane _____________________________________________________________ the space This creates the H gradient that powers ATP synthase  24. Fill in the following table Types of Type of Amount of Byproducts Require Location Fermentation organisms ATP Oxygen? Produced Alcoholic alcohol no Playa 2 Atp cytoplasm Or Lactic Acid animals no lacid Test Practice Answer the following questions using your content knowledge. Follow the steps to successful test taking: Read the question first Write down your knowledge of topic relating to the question Go back and read the context of the question find the most suitable answer 1. A scientist observes a plant in a sealed container exposed to light and measures the gasses present over time. What would you expect to find in the container if photosynthesis and cellular respiration are both occurring? a. Increasing oxygen, decreasing carbon dioxide b. Increasing carbon dioxide, decreasing oxygen c. Stable levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide O d. Only oxygen present, no carbon dioxide 2. If an inhibitor were to bind to stop the flow of e- through the electron transport chain in cellular respiration, what would be the likely consequence? a. ATP production would increase as electrons accumulate. b. Glycolysis would increase to make up for the loss of ATP in the mitochondria c. The Krebs cycle would produce more NADH to compensate. d. The H+ gradient would never form, therefore ATP synthase would come to a halt. O 3. When a plant cell performs photosynthesis, it produces glucose and oxygen. How does this relate to cellular respiration in an animal cell? a. The glucose produced in the plant cell can be used in cellular respiration in an O animal cell to produce ATP. b. The oxygen produced in the plant cell is used to break down carbon dioxide in the animal cell.  c. Photosynthesis uses ATP produced by animal cells to form glucose. d. Cellular respiration in animal cells produces glucose, which is sent to plant cells for photosynthesis. 4. During intense exercise, a runner’s muscle cells switch from aerobic to anaerobic respiration. Which of the following best describes a consequence of this switch? a. The cells will produce more ATP by utilizing the Krebs cycle. b. The cells will stop glycolysis to conserve energy. c. The cells will produce lactic acid instead of using the electron transport chain. Od. The cells will increase oxygen consumption to compensate. 5. If the enzyme responsible for catalyzing carbon fixation in photosynthesis (RuBisCO) is inhibited, what would most likely happen to the rate of cellular respiration in a plant cell over time? a. Cellular respiration rate would increase immediately. b. Cellular respiration rate would decrease as photosynthesis would produce less glucose. Oc. Cellular respiration would remain constant as it is unrelated to photosynthesis. d. Cellular respiration would immediately stop due to lack of ATP. 6. Which of the following best explains the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain of cellular respiration? O a. b. Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor, forming water as a byproduct. Oxygen is broken down to release glucose. c. Oxygen provides the electrons to begin the chain. d. Oxygen is used to pump protons across the mitochondrial membrane. 7. During the Krebs cycle, each molecule of glucose produces two molecules of ATP. However, many more ATP molecules are generated by the electron transport chain (ETC). Why does the Krebs cycle still play a crucial role in cellular respiration? a. The Krebs cycle directly uses oxygen to produce ATP, which is necessary for all cellular processes. b. The Krebs cycle is the primary source of ATP in cellular respiration, and the ETC simply stores energy for later use. Oc. The Krebs cycle produces NADH and FADH₂, which carry high-energy electrons to the ETC for further ATP production d. The Krebs cycle is necessary to transport carbon dioxide out of the cell and maintain proper pH levels in the mitochondria. 8. If a poison prevents NADH from releasing its electrons in the electron transport chain of photosynthesis, which outcome would you expect? Tellular respiration a. Increased production of water b. Higher rates of glycolysis and Krebs cycle activity  c. Increased ATP production from fermentation processes d. Accumulation of NADH and decrease in ATP production 9. A scientist measures a decrease in the concentration of pyruvate in a cell but no increase in lactate or ethanol. Which stage of cellular respiration is most likely affected? a. Glycolysis b. The Krebs cycle c. The electron transport chain d. Fermentation 10. During the light reactions of photosynthesis, ATP and NADPH are produced. How are these molecules specifically used in the Calvin Cycle? a. ATP provides energy for carbon fixation, while NADPH provides the carbon. phosphoglycerate 0 b. ATP and NADPH provide energy and electrons for the reduction of PGA to G3P. c. ATP is used to release oxygen, and NADPH transports carbon dioxide to chloroplasts. d. ATP is stored in the plant cell’s vacuole, while NADPH powers the Krebs cycle. 11. Which of the following best supports the idea that glycolysis is an ancient metabolic pathway? a. It occurs only in eukaryotic cells, indicating it evolved after these complex cells. b. It produces more ATP than the Krebs cycle, showing it evolved for high-energy demands. c. It only functions in aerobic environments, which were rare on early Earth. O d. It takes place in the cytoplasm and does not require specialized organelles, suggesting it could have evolved before complex cell structures appeared. 12. In photosynthesis, NADP+ is reduced to NADPH in the light reactions. What would be the consequence if a plant could not produce NADPH? O a. b. Glucose production in the Calvin cycle would decrease ATP could not be synthesized in the light reactions. c. Oxygen production would cease entirely. d. NADPH would be replaced by NADH to reduce carbon compounds. 13. Why is it significant that glycolysis does not require oxygen? a. Oxygen was widely available during early stages of Earth’s history, so early life forms would rely on glycolysis to use this resource efficiently b. Early Earth had very low levels of oxygen, so a process like glycolysis, which does not depend on oxygen, would have been advantageous for early life forms. c. Processes that require oxygen are simpler and evolved earlier, while those that do not use oxygen developed later. d. Oxygen-producing pathways, like photosynthesis, existed before glycolysis, meaning glycolysis evolved to take advantage of oxygen in the atmosphere.