Home-Based Learning Activity Sheet in Science 9 - Earth Science Week 1, Quarter 3 - PDF

**Name:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Grade & Section:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Date:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Home-based Learning Activity Sheet in Science 9** **EARTH SCIENCE Week: 1 Quarter: 3** ***MELC: Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions.*** **...

**Name:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Grade & Section:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Date:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Home-based Learning Activity Sheet in Science 9** **EARTH SCIENCE Week: 1 Quarter: 3** ***MELC: Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions.*** ***Objective: Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruption.*** **VOLCANOES** Volcanoes are openings, or vents where lava, tephra (small rocks), and steam erupt on to the Earth\'s surface. There are several ways by which volcanoes can be classified. PHIVOLCS have adapted a system where the Philippine volcanoes as active or inactive. Active volcanoes are those that have a record of eruption within the last 600 years or those that erupted 10, 000 years ago based on analyses of their materials. Inactive volcanoes, on the other hand, are those that have not erupted for the last 10, 000 years and their physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion. Volcanoes come in different shapes and sizes, and each structure has a unique history of eruption. However, volcanologists have been able to classify them according to their landforms and eruptive patterns. The three general volcanic types according to the shape of their cones,namely: shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and composite cones. External Parts of a Volcano Label the external parts of a Volcano below: (base, slope,summit) Magma inside the volcano has high temperature. As the magma is continuously heated,it goes up. As it rises, gas bubbles are developed. The gas bubbles are trapped and expand causing the molten material to swell also, resulting in a gradual increase in pressure within the volcano. When the pressure exceeds the strength of the overlying rock, fracturing occurs. The resulting breaks lead to a further drop in confining pressure, which in turn causes even more gas bubbles to form. Lava may appear to be the primary material ejected from a volcano, but this is not always the case. Aside from lava, broken rocks, lava bombs, fine ash and dust are also ejected. Types of volcanic eruptions A. Phreatic or hydrothermal -- is a stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water. It is short-lived,characterized by ash columns but may be a sign of a larger eruption. Shown on the right is phreatic eruption of Mt. Bulusan in October 2016. B. Phreatomagmatic -- is a violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma. As a result, a large column of very fine ash and highspeed and sideway emission of pyroclastics called base surges are observed. Shown here is Mt. Volcan Poas in Costa Rica **III. Evaluation:** Directions: Answer the following questions in your answer sheet. 1\. The opening or a hole in the Earth\'s crust through which the magma comes to the Earth\'s surface is known as A. Earthquake B. Fault C. Mid-oceanic Ridge D. Volcano 2\. Volcanoes that erupt frequently are known as \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Active volcanoes C. Dormant volcanoes B. Inactive volcanoes D. Cinder cone volcanoes 3\. The highest part of a volcano is called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Slope B. Summit C. Base D. Vent 4\. Which type of volcano is shown in the diagram? A. Cinder cone B. Shield volcano C. Composite volcano D. Lava dome 5\. When a volcano ejects lava explosively, the eruption is called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. Strombolian B. Phreatomagmatic C. Plinian D. Phreatic **Name:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Grade & Section:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Date:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Home-based Learning Activity Sheet in Science 9** **EARTH SCIENCE Week: 2 Quarter: 3** ***MELC: Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruption.*** ***Objective:** Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt.* **VOLCANIC ERUPTION** What happens when a volcano erupts? ***What forms a volcano?*** Volcanoes are formed when magma trapped underneath the Earth's crust rises to the surface and escapes through cracks. The space for the magma to leave is very small and, as it travels, pressure builds, meaning it escapes violently when released. This escaping liquid rock becomes lava, which solidifies as it travels. Layers of lava build up over time, creating volcanoes. ***What triggers an eruption?*** Tectonic plates are key. They are large pieces of the Earth's crust which can move towards, away from, or alongside one another, and in doing so can trigger a volcanic eruption. Moving tectonic plates can cause earthquakes, which then create fissures (these are weaknesses or small tears in the Earth's crust). When fissures appear, the magma beneath the surface has an opportunity to escape. ***What happens during an eruption?*** Eruptions vary depending on the type of volcano and the different types of tectonic boundary they sit on. Composite volcanoes have very sticky and thick lava, which can make them very explosive when they erupt: gas bubbles that are trapped in the magma chamber find it hard to escape through the viscous rock.They can also spurt lots of hot ash and rocks into the air, making them extremely dangerous. Shield volcanoes on the other hand form at constructive tectonic boundaries (where the tectonic plates move away from each other) and have very thin, runny lava. It might sound unusual, but a volcanic eruption can sometimes benefit its surroundings. For example, the ash and lava (if not too thick) can break down to create extremely fertile farmland, which makes the surrounding areas good places for people to grow crops. The scenery can also be very beautiful and can attract tourism to the area; Hawaii is a case in point. The heat generated from eruptions can be used to produce electricity, as heat creates steam when in contact with water, and this in turn can be used to drive turbines. **III. Self Check!** Directions: Answer the following question in your answer sheet. 1. Why do volcanoes erupt? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. Differentiate the characteristics of a composite volcano eruption from a shield volcano eruption. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. Write two negative effects of a volcanic eruption to the local area. a.\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_b.\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 4. Write two positive effects or benefits from a volcanic eruption. a.\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_b.\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **Name:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Grade & Section:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_Date:\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_** **Home-based Learning Activity Sheet in Science 9** **EARTH SCIENCE Week: 2 Quarter: 3** ***MELC: Illustrate how energy from volcanoes may be tapped for human use***. **ENERGY FROM THE VOLCANO** Since our country is a home to more than a hundred volcanoes, energy has been tapped from them. Actually, the Philippines ranks second in the world's production of geothermal energy. According to the Department of Energy, 14.4% of the country's total power generation is produced from geothermal energy. The production of electricity from geothermal energy is cheaper than the electricity production using natural gas, coal, and hydropower. **Geothermal energy** Hot water and steam from deep underground can be used to drive turbines: this is called geothermal energy. **Volcanic areas** In volcanic areas, the rocks may heat water so that it rises to the surface naturally as hot water and steam. The steam can be used to drive turbines and electricity generators. Geothermal power stations are located in places such as Iceland, USA, Italy, and Philippines. **Hot rocks** In some places, the rocks are hot, but no hot water or steam rises to the surface. In this situation, deep wells can be drilled down to the hot rocks and cold water pumped down. The water runs through fractures in the rocks and is heated up. It returns to the surface as hot water and steam, where its energy can be used to drive turbines and electricity generators. The diagram shows how this works **Advantages**  Geothermal energy is a renewable energy resource and there are no fuel costs.  No harmful polluting gases are produced. **Disadvantages**  Most parts of the world do not have suitable areas where geothermal energy can be exploited. **COOL FACTS** **EVALUATION:** True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is true, FALSE if false. **Volcanoes** Volcanoes are geological formations that are created due to the movement of magma and gas from the Earth\'s mantle and core to its surface. The Earth\'s crust is made up of several large tectonic plates that are in constant motion, and when these plates collide, magma is forced to the surface, resulting in volcanic eruptions. Volcanoes can be found all over the world and are often located in areas where tectonic plates converge, such as the Pacific Ring of Fire. Volcanoes can be classified into three main types: shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes, and cinder cone volcanoes. Shield volcanoes are formed by repeated eruptions of fluid lava flows, which are thin and runny due to low viscosity. As the lava spreads out, it forms a wide, gently sloping mountain. Stratovolcanoes are steep, cone-shaped mountains that are formed by layers of ash, lava, and other volcanic debris. They are typically the result of explosive eruptions. Cinder cone volcanoes are small, steep-sided cones that are formed from a single vent and have a circular crater at the top. They are usually created by explosive eruptions that produce a lot of ash and cinders. Volcanic eruptions can be very destructive and can cause damage to both the natural environment and human infrastructure. They can cause ash clouds that can travel for miles and disrupt air travel, as well as pyroclastic flows, which are fast-moving clouds of hot gas, ash, and rock that can be deadly. In addition to causing destruction, volcanic eruptions can also be beneficial, as they can create new land, enrich soil with minerals and nutrients, and provide sources of geothermal energy. Scientists study volcanoes in order to better understand their behavior and predict when eruptions might occur. They use instruments such as seismometers, gas sensors, and satellite imagery to monitor the activity of volcanoes and track changes in their behavior. This information can be used to create early warning systems that can help protect people and communities from the effects of volcanic eruptions. 1.What are volcanoes, and how are they formed? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **2.** Where are volcanoes typically found, and why? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **3)** What are the three main types of volcanoes? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **4)** How can volcanic eruptions be destructive? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ **5)** What instruments do scientists use to study volcanoes? \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_