Volcano Structure & Classifications PDF

Volcano Structure & Classifications. The different types of Volcanos & it’s Structure. By: Yuan Quintana What’s a Volcano? A volcano is a natural geological structure formed by the eruption of magma (molten rock), gases, and ash from beneath the Earth's crust Volcano...

Volcano Structure & Classifications. The different types of Volcanos & it’s Structure. By: Yuan Quintana What’s a Volcano? A volcano is a natural geological structure formed by the eruption of magma (molten rock), gases, and ash from beneath the Earth's crust Volcanoes are often located at tectonic plate boundaries, where the Earth's plates are either colliding, separating, or sliding past one another. P A V R O T L S C A O N F O A  PARTS OF THE VOLCANO: Magma Chamber: Main Vent/Pipe/Conduit: Crater: Magma Chamber: A large underground A central tube-like structure that A circular depression at the summit of a reservoir where molten rock (magma) is connects the magma chamber to the volcano formed by the eruption of lava, stored before it rises to the surface. surface. ash, and gas.  PARTS OF THE VOLCANO: Vents: Caldera: Parasitic Cone: The opening through which volcanic A large, often circular depression that A smaller volcano that forms on the side materials such as lava, gas, and ash are forms when a volcano erupts so of a larger, primary volcano, often as a expelled during an eruption. The vent violently that it causes the collapse of result of lava escaping through can be located at the summit or along the land above the magma chamber. secondary vents or fissures. the sides of the volcano.  PARTS OF THE VOLCANO: Dike: Sill: Vesicle: A vertical or steeply inclined intrusion of A horizontal intrusion of magma Small gas bubbles trapped within magma that cuts across pre-existing between layers of rock, which can volcanic rock, typically seen in volcanic layers of rock. Dikes can sometimes form sometimes be related to volcanic rocks like pumice. They form when gas the conduit that leads to an eruption. activity if the magma reaches the escapes from lava as it solidifies. surface and erupts later.  PARTS OF THE VOLCANO: Tephra: Pyroclastic Flow: Lahar: Solid material ejected during a volcanic A destructive mudflow made up of A fast-moving current of hot gas, ash, eruption, ranging from tiny ash particles volcanic ash, water, and debris that and volcanic matter that flows down the to large volcanic rocks. Tephra includes flows down the slopes of a volcano, slopes of a volcano during an explosive ash, small stones, and large chunks of often triggered by rainfall or the melting eruption. It can be extremely dangerous. rock. of snow and ice during an eruption.  PARTS OF THE VOLCANO: Fumarole: Hot Spot: Volcanic Plateau: A location in the Earth's crust where An opening in the Earth's surface near a magma rises to create volcanic activity. A flat or gently sloping area formed by volcano through which volcanic gases, Hot spots can lead to the formation of the accumulation of widespread lava such as sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide, volcanoes even away from tectonic flows over a large area. These features and water vapor, are emitted. Fumaroles plate boundaries, such as the Hawaiian are often seen in shield volcanoes. are often found in volcanic regions. Islands.  Volcano Classifications Shield Composite Cinder Cone Lava Dome  Volcano Classification Caldera Super Fissure Volcano Classifications Shield Volcanoes: Broad, gently sloping sides, effusive eruptions, basaltic lava. Volcano Classifications Composite Volcanoes: Steep, conical, explosive eruptions with alternating layers of lava and ash. Volcano Classifications Cinder Cone Volcanoes: Small, steep-sided cones formed by explosive eruptions of tephra. Volcano Classifications Lava Domes: Steep mounds formed by slow extrusion of highly viscous lava. Volcano Classifications Caldera Volcanoes: Large depressions formed by the collapse of a volcano after a major eruption. Volcano Classifications Supervolcanoes: Enormous volcanoes with eruptions capable of causing global impacts. Volcano Classifications Fissure Volcanoes: Long cracks that release lava, often forming large lava fields.  HOW A VOLCANIC ERRUPTION OCCURS Necessary Conditions: The Chemical Reaction: The presence of magma beneath the Earth's surface Release of Gases: Magma releases dissolved gases like water vapor (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S). Acid Rain Formation: SO₂ reacts with water vapor to form sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) Accumulation of pressure in a and other acids. magma chamber Lava Solidification: Minerals crystallize from magma, forming rocks like basalt, andesitic, or rhyolitic rocks. Weaknesses or cracks in the Earth's Pyroclasts React with Atmospheric Gases: Volcanic ash and tephra can interact crust to allow magma to rise with atmospheric gases, forming acidic compounds and minerals. Post-eruption Alteration: Magma and lava can undergo chemical changes when exposed to the atmosphere or water. Tectonic activity that The composition of enables the formation of the magma volcanoes Thank You For Listening! Credits: Google Zyfert Ms. Mortel  Thank you Zyfert for letting me borrow your laptop🥰🥰