Volcanic Eruption - Science Grade 9 - PDF

Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Volcanic Eruption GELLI JEAN T. LLUPAR Subject Teacher Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Let’s Review Guide Questions: 1....

Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Volcanic Eruption GELLI JEAN T. LLUPAR Subject Teacher Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Let’s Review Guide Questions: 1. What is a volcano? 2. What are the different types of volcano? 3. How is a volcano formed? 4. What is the difference between active and inactive volcano? 5. How will you differentiate the types of volcanic eruption? Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Learning Competencies Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Facts about Volcanoes More than 80% of the Earth’s surface is volcanic in origin. Mountains and seafloors were formed by volcanic eruptions. Volcanoes’ gaseous emission formed the Earth’s atmosphere. The danger zone around volcano covers about 32.187 km radius. Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Facts about Volcanoes Volcanic lightning is caused by friction between the ash particles moving rapidly to the surface. Volcanic eruption can trigger earthquake, mudflow, rock falls, flash floods and tsunamis. Volcanic ash is a mixture of rock fragments, glass particles, and minerals thrown out from erupting volcano. It is acidic and has a sharp edges. Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Facts About Taal Volcano Eruption in 2020 Location: Batangas (Taal) Status: Second most active volcano Features: Caldera (Has water/lake within a lake) Eruption Started on: January 12, 2020 Ended on: January 22, 2020 Last eruption: 1977 (43years ago) Type of eruption: Phreatomagmatic (main crater) has water in it. Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 MAGMA AND ITS COMPOSITION Magma is the molten rock which lies underneath volcanoes. It is formed at destructive plate boundaries and is rich in silicate. These are products of crustal rocks (which are richer in silica than the rock of the mantle). Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 MAGMA AND ITS COMPOSITION Crystal Content Some magmas begin to crystallize as they reach the surface. High temperature minerals are formed as magma slowly cools down followed by low temperature minerals. Magma always contains crystals of high temperature. Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 MAGMA AND ITS COMPOSITION Viscosity The magma’s silica content affects its viscosity, the resistance of the fluid to flow. Low viscosity magma has low silica content and is composed mostly of basalt. While magma with rhyolite is viscous or high in viscosity due to its high silica content. Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 MAGMA AND ITS COMPOSITION Viscosity Temperature also affects the viscosity of the magma. Magma with high temperatures have low viscosity while magma with low temperatures have high viscosity. Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 MAGMA AND ITS COMPOSITION Temperature Temperature of magma reflects the melting points of their mineral components. Magmas formed by partial melting of mantle rocks are much hotter over 1200⁰C for some basalts. Rhyolites that reached the surface have temperature of less than 900⁰C and have a much higher viscosity. Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 MAGMA AND ITS COMPOSITION Volatile Content Magma contains dissolved gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. When pressure is released, these gases escape. Magmas from mantle rocks usually have low gas content, while those from crustal rocks tend to be gas- rich. Water vapor is the most common volcanic gas, followed by carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide. The movement of gases is influenced by magma's viscosity; thicker magma traps gases, causing pressure to build up, which can lead to explosive volcanic eruptions. Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 CLASSIFICATIONS OF MAGMA Andesitic Magma Basaltic Magma Rhyolitic Magma Low Viscosity Intermediate High Viscosity 1000-1200˚C 900-1000˚C 750-900˚C 1-2% gas content 3-4% gas content 4-6% gas content 50% Silica content 60% Silica content 70% Silica content Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 CLASSIFICATIONS OF MAGMA Andesitic Magma Basaltic Magma Rhyolitic Magma Least explosive Intermediate Most explosive Formed in Formed in both Continental margins Formed in oceanic and associated with continental crust continental subduction zones Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 ACTIVITY 1: TRUE or FALSE Say TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is incorrect and restate the statement to make it correct. 1. Magma is an extremely hot fluid or semi fluid materials found under the Earth surface. 2. Viscosity refers to the materials’ resistance to flow. The more viscous the material, the lesser is the resistance to flow. 3. Basaltic to andesitic magma is non-explosive while andesitic to rhyolitic magma is explosive. 4. Magma with high temperature has high viscosity, while magma with low temperature has low viscosity. 5. Composition, temperature, and pressure are the factors that contribute to the formation of magma. Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Process of Volcanic Eruption 1. Volcanic eruptions begin when high temperatures inside the Earth melt solid rocks into magma. 2. As magma accumulates and rises to the volcano’s vent, it contains dissolved gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. 3. These gases form bubbles through a process called vesiculation, which occurs via decompression (pressure release) or crystallization (increased vapor pressure). 4. Bubbles trapped in volcanic rocks are called vesicles. The release of gases as magma reaches the surface can trigger explosive eruptions, with the nature of the eruption depending on the magma’s composition. Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Volcanic Hazards and their Effects Volcanic hazards are phenomena arising from volcanic activity that poses potential threat to people and property. During major explosive eruptions, large amounts of volcanic gas, aerosol droplets, and ash are injected into the stratosphere. Tephra or fragmented volcanic debris are violently ejected into the atmosphere and can extend to tens of kilometers above. Carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, is also dispersed into the atmosphere that leads to global warming. On the other hand, sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling, ozone destruction and air pollution. Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Common Volcanic Hazards in the Philippines Ash Fall pulverized rocks, sand, gritty and harsh glasses shoot out in the air by volcano. The ash-strewn village of Boso Boso as the Taal volcano erupts just across the lake in Laurel, Philippines, Jan. 13, 2020. Jes Aznar/The New York Times via Redux Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Common Volcanic Hazards in the Philippines Mud Flow mixture of water, molten rocks and debris flowing down from the side of volcano to the ground. It is also called as Lahar. Lahar from the eruption of Mount Kanlaon volcano, June 5, 2024 Office of the Protected Area Superintendent of Mount Kanlaon Natural Park/AFP Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Common Volcanic Hazards in the Philippines Lava Flow streams of molten rocks and other fragmented materials emitted by erupting volcano Jan. 25, 2018, file photo, the Mayon volcano spews molten lava during its sporadic eruption in the early morning outside Legazpi city, Albay province. (AP Photo/Bullit Marquez, File) Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Common Volcanic Hazards in the Philippines Pyroclastic Flow fast moving hot mixtures of gas, ash, and molten rocks moving away from the volcano to the ground. Mt. Pinatubo volcano in 1991, Alberto Garcia  Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 ACTIVITY 2: Finding the Sequence Analyze the process of volcanic eruption. Arrange the process of volcanic eruption into correct order using numbers 1-5. A. Magma moves upward and accumulates in an area called magma chamber. B. Gas-charged magma reaches the surface and explode. The presence of dissolved gases enables the molten materials to explode. C. More highly gas charged magma reaches the surface and the volcano explodes. D. Volcanic activities include the melting of solid rocks in the mantle which became thick molten materials called magma. E. High temperature and pressure push magma through the openings like vents and fractures. The magma then oozed out to form a lava dome but do not cause any explosive eruption.  Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 ACTIVITY 2: Finding the Sequence Analyze the process of volcanic eruption. Arrange the process of volcanic eruption into correct order using numbers 1-5. D. Volcanic activities include the melting of solid rocks in the mantle which became thick molten materials called magma. A. Magma moves upward and accumulates in an area called magma chamber. E. High temperature and pressure push magma through the openings like vents and fractures. The magma then oozed out to form a lava dome but do not cause any explosive eruption. B. Gas-charged magma reaches the surface and explode. The presence of dissolved gases enables the molten materials to explode. C. More highly gas charged magma reaches the surface and the volcano explodes. Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 ACTIVITY 2: Finding the Sequence Answer the following questions: 1. List down at least two manifestations or signs that the volcano will erupt. 2. Give one positive and one negative effects of volcanic eruption. Science Quarter 3 – Module 1 Why do people live near volcanoes? Volcanic ash produces very fertile soil, ideal for farming. Steam and water from volcanoes can be used to supply heat and electricity Science Quarter 3 – Module 1 Why do people live near volcanoes? Volcanic rock makes good building material Volcanoes, geysers, and bubbling pools make good tourist attraction. Science Quarter 3 – Module 1 Why do people live near volcanoes? Valuable minerals and metals are found near volcanic sites. Land is inexpensive and available for development. Science Quarter 3 – Module 1 Precautionary Measures to lessen the danger before, during, and after a volcanic eruption BEFORE Know the facts about volcanoes in your area like danger zones and history of eruptions. Know the location of designated evacuation site. Listen to the announcement of your authorities. Stock clean and safe drinking water and other food supplies. Science Quarter 3 – Module 1 Precautionary Measures to lessen the danger before, during, and after a volcanic eruption DURING Stay inside your homes and keep doors and windows close. Secure you water and food supplies. Wear mask, eye googles or face shield if you need to go out. Do not go near the danger zones. Listen to the news via television or radio devices. Obey the evacuation orders of the authorities. Science Quarter 3 – Module 1 Precautionary Measures to lessen the danger before, during, and after a volcanic eruption AFTER Assess the situation if it is safe to go out. Check the perimeter of your house for any possible damage. Clean and remove the volcanic ashes in the roof, gutters, and windows. Replace contaminated water and food supplies. Stay updated in news and announcements from your authorities. Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 ACTIVITY 3: VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS: CAUSE AND EFFECT List down the effects of the following materials on human and other living things. Write your answers on your science notebook. CAUSE EFFECTS Materials ejected from Volcano on human and other living things Lava Steam Fragmented debris (Tephra) Dissolved gases Volcanic Ash Science Quarter 3 – Module 2 Module 2 Summative Test  Thank You! "A volcano doesn't choose its eruption; it simply responds to what has been building within. So too, our actions are the result of what we nurture inside."