Volcanoes and Eruptions Quiz

Volcanoes, openings on Earth's surface, erupt lava, small rocks, and steam. They're classified by their activity into active (erupted within 600 years) and inactive (not erupted for 10,000 years).

Volcanoes can be classified based on their shape and eruptive patterns. The three main types are shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and composite cones.

Shield volcanoes are characterized by their broad, gently sloping shape, often with large craters at their summit.

Cinder cones are smaller, steeper volcanoes formed by the accumulation of cinders and other ejected materials.

Composite cones, also called stratovolcanoes, are tall, conical mountains built up from alternating layers of lava flows and tephra.

A phreatic eruption is triggered by heated rocks contacting water. It's characterized by short-lived ash columns, but can be a sign of a larger eruption.

A phreatomagmatic eruption is a violent eruption caused by the interaction of water and magma, producing massive explosions and ash clouds.

Magma inside volcanoes has high temperature, causing gas bubbles to develop. As the pressure builds up, the volcano fractures and releases lava, rocks, bombs, ash and dust.

A volcano that erupts frequently.

A volcano that has not erupted in a long time, but may erupt in the future.

A volcano that is unlikely to erupt again.

The opening or a hole in the Earth's crust through which magma reaches the surface.

The highest point of a volcano.

The solid rock that forms from cooled lava.

The molten rock found beneath the Earth's surface.

These are large pieces of the Earth's crust that move and can cause volcanic eruptions.

Volcanoes erupt due to the buildup of pressure from magma, a molten rock beneath the Earth's surface. As magma rises and heats surrounding rocks, gases trapped within it expand. This expansion creates tremendous pressure, forcing the magma out through weak spots in the Earth's crust.

Composite volcanoes are known for their explosive eruptions. They release thick and sticky lava with trapped gas bubbles, making them dangerous. Shield volcanoes erupt with thin, runny lava and are less explosive.

Volcanic ash and lava can enrich the soil, forming fertile farmland. This benefit can make the areas around volcanoes attractive for agriculture.

Volcanic landscapes are beautiful and attract tourists. The unique features created by volcanic activity can be breathtaking and draw visitors.

Volcanic eruptions can be used to generate electricity. The heat from the eruptions can be used to create steam, which can then power turbines.

Volcanic eruptions can cause destructive impacts on the surrounding areas. Ash fall can smother crops and contaminate water sources, while lava flows can destroy buildings and infrastructure.

Composite volcano eruptions are characterized by violent explosions, thick lava flows, and ash plumes. They create tall, conical mountains with layered rock formations.

Shield volcano eruptions are characterized by effusive flows of thin, runny lava. They form broad, gently sloping mountains with wide, flat craters.

Harnessing the heat energy from Earth's interior, particularly in volcanic areas, to generate electricity.

Regions on the Earth's surface where volcanic activity is present, often featuring hot springs, geysers, and geothermal resources.

The process of using the heated water and steam generated by volcanic activity to drive turbines and produce electricity.

The process of using the hot water and steam that naturally rises to the surface in volcanic areas to generate electricity.

A method of generating electricity by drilling into hot rock formations and injecting water to create steam, which then drives turbines.

A region where hot rocks are present near the surface but lack naturally rising hot water or steam.

The percentage of a country's total electricity production that is generated from geothermal energy sources.

The Philippines is the second-largest producer of geothermal energy globally, contributing significantly to the country's electricity needs.

The process of extracting energy from the Earth's heat using water.

An opening in the Earth's surface where molten rock, ash, and gases erupt.

A type of volcano created by repeated eruptions of fluid lava flows.

A type of volcano formed by layers of ash, lava, and other volcanic debris.

A small, steep-sided volcano formed from a single vent.

Volcanoes are formed when molten rock, called magma, rises to the Earth's surface and erupts. This molten material cools and solidifies, creating a cone-shaped structure known as a volcano.

Volcanoes are most commonly found along plate boundaries where tectonic plates move apart or collide. This is because these zones allow magma to rise to the surface.

The three main types of volcanoes are shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and composite volcanoes. They are classified based on their shape, eruptive style, and composition.

Volcanic eruptions can be destructive because they release hot lava flows, ash clouds, and poisonous gases. These can cause damage to buildings, infrastructure, and ecosystems.

Scientists use instruments such as seismometers to detect ground tremors, gas sensors to monitor gas emissions, and satellite imagery to track changes in the volcano's shape and surface.