Volcanoes and Eruptions Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is defined as the opening or hole in the Earth's crust through which magma reaches the surface?

  • Mid-oceanic Ridge
  • Fault
  • Earthquake
  • Volcano (correct)

    • Volcanoes that erupt regularly and show signs of activity are classified as what?

  • Extinct volcanoes
  • Dormant volcanoes
  • Active volcanoes (correct)
  • Inactive volcanoes

    • What term describes the highest point of a volcano?

  • Dome
  • Summit (correct)
  • Base
  • Slope

    • Which type of volcano is typically characterized by steep slopes and explosive eruptions?

    <p>Composite volcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a volcano yields lava explosively, what is the type of eruption called?

    <p>Plinian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is primarily responsible for triggering volcanic eruptions?

    <p>Movement of tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do layers of lava contribute to the formation of volcanoes?

    <p>They build up over time creating structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do fissures play in volcanic activity?

    <p>They allow magma to escape to the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lava is associated with composite volcanoes?

    <p>Sticky and thick</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes explosive eruptions in composite volcanoes?

    <p>Trapped gas bubbles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do shield volcanoes primarily differ from composite volcanoes?

    <p>They have thinner, runny lava</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What benefit can volcanic eruptions provide to the surrounding areas?

    <p>Creation of fertile farmland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about tourism related to volcanoes is true?

    <p>Volcanoes can create beautiful landscapes that draw tourists.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way heat generated from volcanic eruptions can be utilized?

    <p>Creating electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a negative effect of volcanic eruptions on local areas?

    <p>Release of hot ash and rocks into the air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what tectonic boundary do shield volcanoes typically form?

    <p>Constructive boundaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines an active volcano according to the classification mentioned?

    <p>A volcano with a record of eruption within the last 600 years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcanic eruption is characterized as short-lived and linked to heat contact with water?

    <p>Phreatic eruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of volcanoes is characterized by a broad, gently sloping structure?

    <p>Shield volcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonly occurs when the pressure within a volcano exceeds the strength of the overlying rock?

    <p>Fracturing occurs, leading to an eruption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following materials is NOT typically ejected during a volcanic eruption?

    <p>Teflon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical changes are indicative of an inactive volcano?

    <p>Erosion and weathering altering its structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a phreatomagmatic eruption primarily caused by?

    <p>The contact between water and magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that leads to the formation of gas bubbles in magma?

    <p>High temperature and reduced pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the Philippines' total power generation comes from geothermal energy?

    <p>14.4%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of producing electricity from geothermal energy?

    <p>It is cheaper than electricity production using natural gas, coal, and hydropower.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process uses hot water and steam to drive turbines for generating electricity?

    <p>Geothermal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following countries is NOT mentioned as hosting geothermal power stations?

    <p>Japan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition allows water to rise to the surface naturally as hot water and steam in volcanic areas?

    <p>The heating of rocks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy mentioned that can be tapped for human use from volcanoes?

    <p>Geothermal energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when hot rocks do not allow water or steam to rise to the surface?

    <p>Geothermal energy cannot be harnessed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is a characteristic of geothermal power stations?

    <p>They are often located in volcanic areas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of seismometers in volcano monitoring?

    <p>To track seismic activity related to eruptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not typically used to create early warning systems for volcanic eruptions?

    <p>Weather balloons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can the information gathered from monitoring volcanoes help to protect?

    <p>People and communities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What changes in behavior might be tracked in volcanoes using satellite imagery?

    <p>Surface deformation and thermal activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might scientists use gas sensors when monitoring volcanoes?

    <p>To analyze volcanic gas emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcano is typically associated with explosive eruptions?

    <p>Stratovolcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can volcanic eruptions primarily impact the environment?

    <p>Through ashfall and lava flows damaging ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of volcanic activity can be monitored with gas sensors?

    <p>The concentration of gas emissions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of harnessing geothermal energy?

    <p>Pumping cold water into hot rock formations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an advantage of geothermal energy?

    <p>It can be easily used everywhere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are cinder cone volcanoes characterized by?

    <p>Steep sides and a circular crater</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of volcano is likely to result from explosive eruptions?

    <p>Stratovolcano</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What phenomenon can volcanic eruptions create that can be beneficial?

    <p>New land and enriched soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes shield volcanoes?

    <p>They are formed from repeated, fluid lava flows.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant disadvantage of geothermal energy?

    <p>Most regions lack suitable geothermal resources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of volcanic eruptions?

    <p>The movement of tectonic plates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Volcanoes

    • Volcanoes are openings in Earth's surface where lava, tephra, and steam erupt.
    • Volcanoes can be classified as active (erupted within 600 years or 10,000 years ago), or inactive (not erupted in the last 10,000 years).
    • Volcanoes have different shapes (cones).
    • Common volcanic cone types are shield, composite, and cinder cones.

    External Parts of a Volcano

    • The external parts of a volcano include the base, slope, and summit.

    Magma and Eruption

    • Magma inside a volcano has high temperature and continuously heats up, causing gas bubbles to form and expand.
    • Pressure builds, causing fracturing and further release of gas bubbles.
    • Lava, broken rocks, lava bombs, ash, and dust are ejected during eruptions.

    Types of Volcanic Eruptions

    • Phreatic/Hydrothermal: Driven by hot rocks contacting water. Short-lived, ash columns.
    • Phreatomagmatic: Violent, due to magma and water contact. Large ash columns, pyroclastic flows (rapid ash, gas, and rock flows).
    • Strombolian: Periodic, weak to violent, fountain lava.
    • Vulcanian: Tall eruption columns (up to 20 km), pyroclastic flows, and ashfall.
    • Plinian: Extremely explosive, gas and pyroclastic, large ash clouds (ex. Pinatubo).

    Volcanic Eruption Triggers

    • Tectonic plate movements (towards, away, or alongside each other) trigger earthquakes and fissures, allowing magma to escape.
    • Tectonic plate boundaries (where plates move or come together) are correlated to eruption types.

    What Happens During an Eruption

    • Eruption characteristics vary depending on volcano types and tectonic boundaries.
    • Composite Volcanoes: Sticky, thick lava, explosive eruptions, high ash and rock ejection.
    • Shield Volcanoes: Thin, runny lava, fast-moving lava flows, less explosive eruptions.

    Volcanic Effects

    • Negative effects include:
      • Damage to property and infrastructure.
      • Travel disruptions due to ash clouds.
      • Breathing problems from ash.
      • Destruction to vegetation and farmland.
    • Positive effects include:
      • Creation of fertile farmland.
      • Tourism.
      • Geothermal energy production from hot water/steam use.
    • Volcanologists study eruptions, including creating early warning systems and monitoring volcanic activity for protection.

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    Home-Based Learning Activity Sheet in Science 9 - Earth Science Week 1, Quarter 3 - PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the key concepts of volcanoes, including their structures, eruption types, and formation processes. This quiz covers various terminologies related to volcanic activity, types of eruptions, and the geological features associated with volcanoes.

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