History-of-Computer.pdf

History of Computer  DEFINITION OF COMPUTER A computer is an electronic machine that accept information (DATA), processes it according to specific instruction, and provides the result as new information  HISTORY OF COMPUTER Earliest Computer  The first used of computer...

History of Computer  DEFINITION OF COMPUTER A computer is an electronic machine that accept information (DATA), processes it according to specific instruction, and provides the result as new information  HISTORY OF COMPUTER Earliest Computer  The first used of computer was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the world continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century.  Originally calculations were computed by humans, whose job title was computers.  The calculations of this period were specialized and expensive, requiring years of training in mathematics. HISTORY OF COMPUTER Tally Sticks A tally sticks was an ancient memory aid device to record and document numbers, quantities, or even message. HISTORY OF COMPUTER Abacus An abacus is an mechanical device use to aid an individual in performing mathematical calculations. The abacus was invented in Babylonia in 2400 B.C. The abacus in the form we are most familiar with was first used in China around 500 B.C.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER  Napier’s Bones Invented by John Napier in 1614. Allowed the operator to multiply divide and calculate square and cube roots by moving the rods around and placing them in specially constructed boards.  HISTORY OF COMPUTER  Slide Rule Invented by William Oughtred in 1622 Used primarily for : - Multiplication - Division - Roots - Logarithms - Trigonometry HISTORY OF COMPUTER Pasculine Invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642. It was limitation to addition and subtraction. HISTORY OF COMPUTER Stepped Reckoner Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm Liebniz in 1672. The machine that can add, substract, multiply and divide automatically. HISTORY OF COMPUTER Jacquard Loom The Jacquard Loom is a mechanical loom invented by Joseph- Marie Jacquard in 1881. Its an automatic loom controlled by punched cards. HISTORY OF COMPUTER Arithmometer A mechanical calculator invented by Thomas de Colmar in 1820. The machine could perform the four basic mathematic function. The first reliable, useful and commercially successful calculating machine. History of Computer Difference Engine and Analytical Engine Invented by Charles Babbage( Father of Computer) in 1822 and 1834. Its an automatic, mechanical calculator designed to tabulate polynomial functions. It is the first mechanical computer. The first Computer Programmer In1840, Augusta Ada Byron suggest to Babbage that he use the binary system. Shewrites Programs for the Analytical Engine. Scheutzian Calculation Engine Invented by per George Scheutz in 1843. Based on Charles Babbage difference engine. The first calculating calculator. History of Computer Tabulating Machine Invented by Herman Hollerith in 1890. To assist in summarizing information and accounting. History of Computer Harvard Mark Invented by Howard H. Aiken in 1943. Also known as IBM Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator (ASCC). The first electro-mechanical computer. History of Computer Z1 The first programmable computer Created by Konrad Zeus in g=German from 1936 to 1938. To programmable the Z1 required that the user insert punch tape into a punch tape reader and all output also generated through punch tape. History of Computer Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) It was the first electronic digital computing device. Invented by Professor John Atanasoff and graduated student Clifford Berry at lowa State University between 1939 and 1942. History of Computer ENIAC ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer It was the first electronics general purpose computer. Completed in 1946. Developed by John Presper Eckert and John W. Mauchly. UNIVAC 1 The UNIVAC 1 (UNIVersal Automatic Computer 1) was the first commercial. History of Computer EDVAC EDVAC stands for Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer. The First Stored Program Computer Designed by Von Neumann in 1952. It has a memory to hold both as stored program as well as data. Osborne 1 The first portable computer. Released in 1981 by the Osborne Computer Corporation. History of Computer The First Computer Company The first computer company was the Electronic Controls Company. Founded in 1949 by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly. Computer Generations There are five Generations of Computer: First Generation- 1946-1958 Second Generation- 1959-1964 Third Generation- 1965-1970 Fourth Generation- 1971-today Fifth Generation- today-to future The First Generation The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms. First generation computers relied on machine language, the lowest-level programming language understood by computers, to perform operations and they could only solve one problem at time. Input was based on punched cards and paper tape, and output was displayed on printouts. The Second Generation Transistors replaced vacuum tubes and ushered. In the second generation of computers. Allowing computers to become smaller, faster, cheaper, more energy-efficient and more reliable. Second generation computers moved from cryptic binary machine language to symbolic, or assembly, languages, which allowed programmers to specify instruction in words. These were also the first computers that stored their instructions in their memory, which moved from a magnetic drum to magnetic core technology.  The Third Generations The development of the Integrated circuit was the hallmark of the third generation of computers. Much smaller and cheaper compare to the second generation computers. Users interacted with third generation computers through keyboards and monitors and interfaced with an operating system, which allowed the device to run many different applications at one time with a central program that monitored the memory. Computers for the first time became accessible to a mass audience because they were smaller and cheaper than their predecessors. The Fourth Generation The microprocessor brought the fourth generation of computers , as thousands of integrated circuits were built onto a single silicon chip. As these small computers became more powerful, they could be linked together to form networks, which eventually led to the development of the internet. Fourth generation computers also saw the development of GUIs, the mouse and handheld devices. The Fifth Generation Based on Artificial Intelligence (AI). Still in development. The use of parallel processing and superconductors is helping to make artificial intelligence a reality. The goal is to develop devices that response to natural language input and are capable of learning and self- organization. There are some applications, such as voice recognition, that are being used today. THANKYOU FOR LISTENING!!