History MYT Review PDF

***Chapter 1 - World War I*** ***multiple choice -- 24*** ***t/f -- 8*** ***matching -- 8*** ***long answer -- 10*** 1. **What is the difference between imperialism and nationalism? Who would have been on which side in Canada?** 2. **What is propaganda? How was it used in Canada? What we...

***Chapter 1 - World War I*** ***multiple choice -- 24*** ***t/f -- 8*** ***matching -- 8*** ***long answer -- 10*** 1. **What is the difference between imperialism and nationalism? Who would have been on which side in Canada?** 2. **What is propaganda? How was it used in Canada? What were the different groups and subjects that were targeted?** 3. **What were the MAIN causes of the war? (Give each word and what they mean) What was the spark that "lit the powdered keg"? (Who was involved)** 4. **How and why was Canada involved in the war?** 5. **How was the Canadian government prejudice and discriminatory during WWI? In what ways did this begin to change?** 6. **What were the 5 new weapons during WWI? How were they used and how could they help you win the war?** 7. **What is a spy? What did the fear of spies bring out in Canadian citizens? What was the response to this?** 8. **What controls did the government employ?** 9. **What is conscription? What did the Prime Minister promise at the start of the war? When was it enacted? What was Canada's response before and after? What did it mean for Canada as a nation?** 10. **What was the "Khaki election"** a. b. **Sir Robert Borden:** PM of Canada during the Great War c. **Wilfrid Laurier:** d. **Arthur Currie:** General of the CEF and created the creeping barrage. e. **Douglas Haig:** General of the British and hated the CNDs f. **Billy Bishop:** A very good fighter pilot. g. **Halifax Explosion:** h. **Triple Entente:** France, Russia, GB i. **Triple Alliance:** Germany, Italy, Austria -- Hungary j. **No. 2 Construction Battalion:** k. **Bluebirds:** Nurse maids in WW1 l. **CEF:** Canadian expeditionary forces m. **Creeping Barrage:** Howitzer fires making holes for the artillery to hide in, repeating till reaching the lines. n. **Victory Bonds:** Donation that help soldiers in the war get food, weapons, etc. o. **Enemy aliens:** People, mainly immigrants who were seen as enemies and alienized form society. p. **Military Service Act:** Allowed CND and EUR soldiers to vote. q. **League of Nations:** Created by US to stop war +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **Battle* | **Timelin | **Key | **Tactics | **Outcome | **Impress | | * | e | individua | and | and | ion | | | of | ls/** | Strategie | Significa | at home** | | | Battle, | | s | nce** | | | | of | **Divisio | Used** | | | | | casualtie | ns | | **(specif | | | | s** | Involved* | **(includ | ically | | | | | * | ing | for | | | | | | weapons)* | Canada)** | | | | | | * | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **The | - **Apr | - **Ger | - Chlor | - Lost | - Proud | | Battle of | il | mans** | ine | land | of | | Ypres** | 1915- | | Gas | but | their | | | ?** | - **Can | beat | gaine | soldi | | | | adians** | with | d | ers | | | - **6k | | pee | a few | | | | wound | | cloth | meter | - Happy | | | ed** | | s | s | that | | | | | | | we | | | - **2k | | | | were | | | dead* | | | | winni | | | * | | | | ng | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **The | - **Jul | - **Gen | - Send | - gaine | - CNDs | | Battle of | y | eral | out | d | losin | | the | 1, | Dougl | as | 11 km | g | | Somme** | 1916 | as | many | | faith | | | - | Haig* | men | | in | | | Decem | * | as | | the | | | ber** | | possi | | war | | | | - **Ger | ble | | | | | - **1 ¼ | mans** | to | | - Want | | | KIA/W | | fight | | to | | | IA | - **CND | | | suppo | | | on | s** | | | rt | | | both | | | | soldi | | | sides | | | | ers | | | ** | | | | | | | | | | | - Horri | | | - **24k | | | | fying | | | CND | | | | reena | | | casua | | | | ctments | | | lties** | | | | show | | | | | | | at | | | | | | | home | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **The | - **Apr | - **Gen | - **The | - **CND | - **Mad | | Battle of | il | eral | Creep | s | e | | Vimy | 9-12, | Arthu | ing | gaine | CNDs | | Ridge** | 1917* | r | Barra | d | hopef | | | * | Curri | ge/Vimy | respe | ul** | | | | e** | Glide | ct** | | | | - **10, | | ** | | | | | 600 | | | | | | | casua | | - **Art | | | | | lties** | | illery | | | | | | | fires | | | | | | | we | | | | | | | hide | | | | | | | in | | | | | | | the | | | | | | | holes | | | | | | | ** | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | **The | - **Oct | - **CND | - **coo | - **4 ½ | - **Hap | | Battle of | ober | S** | rdinated | miles | py | | Passchend | 12 -- | | attac | ** | the | | aele** | Novem | - **Ger | ks** | | war | | | ber | many** | | | is | | | 10, | | - **CND | | over* | | | 1917* | | broke | | * | | | * | | throu | | | | | | | gh | | - **Eve | | | - **449 | | Germa | | rything | | | k | | n | | is | | | casua | | lines | | settl | | | lties** | | ** | | ing | | | | | | | down | | | - **300 | | | | now** | | | k | | | | | | | KIA, | | | | | | | CND | | | | | | | 16k | | | | | | | KIA** | | | | | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ ***The Treaty of Versailles Conditions*** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ***Condition*** | ***Explanation*** | +===================================+===================================+ | ***Geographical | - Germany must accept | | Terms/Conditions*** | independence of Austria, | | | Poland, Czechoslovakia. 13% | | | of Germany territory in the | | | east is given to Poland and | | | Czechoslovakia  | | | | | | - 6 million Germans now made a | | | part of Poland and | | | Czechoslovakia  | | | | | | - Austria-Hungarian Empire is | | | broken up into separate | | | nations  | | | | | | - Germany must give back all | | | their colonies  | | | | | | - All territories won by | | | Germany during the war had to | | | be given back (20 years later | | | will be German) | | | | | | - Germany territory west of the | | | Rhine River will be occupied | | | by allied troops  | | | | | | - They must give up the Alsace | | | Lorraine region   | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ***Military Terms/Conditions*** | - German must destroy all their | | | U-boats  | | | | | | - Germany can have no more than | | | a small defensive/patrol | | | navy  | | | | | | - They are allowed to have 10 | | | ships  | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ***Reparations | - Germans had to repay the | | Terms/Conditions*** | allies for the war  | | | | | | - All the wartime costs and | | | damages to be paid back \$32 | | | billion now would be \$860 | | | billion USD (2010)  | | | | | | - 20% of all German factories | | | had to be sold to the British | | | and the French (USA didn't | | | care that much about this)  | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | ***War Guilt Clause*** | - Germany was made to take | | | responsibility for this war  | | | | | | - They were made to feel | | | responsible for the war  | | | | | | - Germany isn't the one to | | | blame everything in the war  | | | | | | - Germany felt like absolute | | | crap and were humiliated  | | | | | | - Extreme resentment in Germany | | | toward GBR and her allies  | | | | | | - The blind corporal (Hitler) | | | feels this resentment  | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - **How did British Canadians envision Canada?** - **How did French Canadians envision Canada?** - **What was the open-door policy? How did it effect Canadian multiculturalism?** - **What does the naval crisis tell us about the relationship between Quebecers and British Canadians?** - **How did Laurier deal with the naval crisis?** - **Who was the soon to be leader of the Austro-Hungarian empire? Why was he assassinated?** - **Describe the chain of events which followed the assassination. (Who joined the war and why)** - **Who formed the triple-entente? Who formed the triple-alliance?** - **What were the MAIN causes of World War 1?** - **What was Canada's response to the outbreak of war? Did they have a say in their role? Why or why not?** - **What were the 3 main battles we discussed in class?** - **Why are these battles remembered in Canadian history?** - **Who got to serve in the war for Canada?** - **Why did minorities eventually receive the right to go overseas?** - **Who was the No. 2 Construction battalion?** - **What was the CEF?** - **What was the role of the Bluebirds in Canadian military history?** - **What does "Total" war mean?** - **"In war, truth is the first casualty", What does this quote mean?** - **Describe the reasons propaganda was used.** - **Describe the effect science and technology had on the war effort.** - **What were women's roles at home? How did they differ from pre-war roles? Was this good or bad for women's rights?** - **Why did income tax come about?** - **What was a conscientious objector? What roles did they fill in the Homefront?** - **What was the War Measures Act? How did it affect immigrants from countries at war with the Britain and Canada?** - **How were enemy aliens treated?** - **What brought about the need for conscription?** - **What was the "Military Service Act"?** - **What was the "Wartimes Election Act"?** - **Who benefited from the above act?** - **How does conscription and the "Wartimes Election Act" relate to one another?** - **How is the battle of Passchendaele remembered in Canadian history?** - **What events took place during World War 1 that proved the rest of the world that Canada was growing more independent?** **Chapter 2 - The 1920's** **Chapter 2: The Boom Years** Urbanization  - The growth and expansion of large cities, which involves large numbers of people moving to the city from a rural area.  - Fewer farms/farmers were needed because of mechanized framing tools  - In cities there were more jobs, cheaper housing, better health care, education, etc.  - - Population   - Canada was a very young country  - More than half the population was 30 years old  - Most families were large since more than half of families have 3 or more kids    Politics and regional protests  - In July 1920, Arthur Meighen became the Prime Minister following Robert Borden's resignation. Meighen got a country that was torn apart by strikes, unemployment, inflation, and regional divisions. - - - - - - **Mackenzie King and Independence** **Chanak Crisis 1922 ** - **October 1922, Turkish troops threatened British troops stationed near Chanak on the Dardanelles ** - **In response the empire asked its colonies for military support. This was released to the press before properly asking dominion leaders. ** - **Instead of agreeing like other Canadian PMs would, King refused to send troops ** - **He said that the Parliament would have to decide ** - **On the other hand, Arthur Meighen, the Conservative leader disagreed, and thought that Canada should stand with Britain ** - **By the time this issue was debated in Parliament, the war was over ** ** ** **Halibut Treaty 1923 ** - **March 1923, Canada and the U.S.A signed this treaty covering the protection of the pacific halibut fish ** - **This was created at Kings insistence and was signed by the CND Fisheries Minister, with no countersignature from the British Ambassador ** - **The British government protested but agreed when King threatened to appoint a Canadian diplomatic representative in Washington ** - **Although the treaty was denied by the U.S Senate, it set a precedent for Canada authority to sign treaties independent from Britain. ** ** ** **Imperial Conference ** - **King attended this determined to resist British efforts to establish a centralized foreign policy for all their Dominions ** - **The British foreign secretary considered King tiresome and stupid, but King still succeeded ** ** ** **Constitutional Crisis 1926 ** - **In 1925 the economy was doing great, so King decided to call an election ** - **This turned out to be a mistake since the liberals won 99 seats, Conservative won 116, and the Progressives won 24 seats. No party held a majority. ** - **Most people thought that King should resign and let Arthur Meighen become PM, but King refused to resign and hoped that the Progressive Party would side with him ** - **A scandal where the PM fired the minister responsible for the scandal and then appointed him to the senate would mess up all of Kings plans ** - **Meighen saw is a chance to force King to resign but before he could get criticized King asked Byng to dissolve Parliament and call an election. When Byng refused King asked him to consult the British government and when he refused again the constitutional crisis began. ** - **Meighen became the PM on Byng's request but within a week he lost a non-confidence vote. This time Byng agrees to dissolve the parliament and host another election ** - **King returned to office in 1926, and Meighen resigned as Conservative leader and was replaced by R.B. Bennet ** - **Traditionally the position of governor general had represented the British Monarch and Government but, in the election, King argued that Byng had been wrong to refuse the PMs requests ** - **King posed as a champion of Canadas independence ** - **This issue distracted voters from the customs scandal ** - **During his second time in this role king tried to redefine the role of governor general as a representative of the monarch and not British government  ** **Imperial Conference 1926 ** - **1926, this conference sought further recognition of the Dominion autonomy ** - **King drafted what is known as the Balfour Declaration, which updated the relationship between Britain and its colonies ** - **Canada was no free to makes its own foreign policy decisions ** - **King was also successful in redefining the Governor Generals powers ** - **The CND Gov. would now just talk to the BRIT Gov. instead of through the governor general. In 1928, Britain appointed a high commissioner to Canada to communicate. ** - **King established legations in the U.S (1926), France (1928), and Japan (1929) to carry out CANs foreign policy ** - **Canada also expanded its foreign service in Ottawa ** **Labour and Unrest in Post-World War II Canada** Central Strike Committee Citizens' Committee of 1000 These groups are what lead the strikers in the Winnipeg General Strike The Winnipeg General Strike - (the hello girls and metal workers left first )Resentment had been growing for years among the working class in Winnipeg. The Winnipeg metal and building traders started the strike by negotiating in spring of 1919. They wanted higher wages, a shorter workday and the ability to be able to negotiate on behalf of the members rather than each worker negotiating for themselves. When employers refused, approximately 30,000 people walked out in a general strike on May 15, 1919. As the strike spread from industry-to-industry Winnipeg shut down. Eventually it spread from city to city shutting down important cities across Canada. Then the whole country's services came to a halt, but the committee issues permit for essential services like milk delivery and electric power. With Winnipeg gaining international attention the government decided to step in. Ottawa amended the Immigration act so British born immigrants could be deported and expanded sedition to make it easier to arrest strike leaders. "Bloody Saturday" - On June 17 strike leaders were charged and convicted leading the strikers to be outraged, which made them riot. The NWMP was then involved and broke the strike on "Bloody Saturday". This strike was a disaster for the workers since many were sentenced to jail and others forced to sign "yellow dog" contracts.  **Technology and Invention** The Discovery of Insulin - Discovered by Fredrick Banting at UofT Radio - Everyone had one. This was like the big social media method of the time. People would tune in for thigs like Hockey Night in Canada. **A Booming Economy Part 1** Agriculture - The Prairies were the main farmers from 1925-1928 - As prices got higher farmers invested their profits by buying trucks and other equipment - Many created cooperatives to help market their products. Pulp and Paper - Supplying newsprint to the U.S. became Canada's second largest industry - From Nova Scotia to B.C. vast forests of trees were cut down to supply this - by mid-decade Canada was the world's largest supplier of newsprint Energy - Lots of growth in the auto industry increased in demand for gas and oil which were used for heating and cooking. - Lots of oil found in Alberta - Huge amounts of power required for mining and smelting led to the dramatic increase in the production of hydro -- electricity - Niagara Falls, rivers like Saguenay and Saint -- Maurice in Quebec were harnessed Mining - Canadian Sheild has large deposits of nickel, copper, gold, silver, lead, and zinc - In 1929, Sudbury produced 80% of the world's nickel - The demand for these metals has slowly increased as more and more automobiles and electric appliances are on the market **Economic Terms/A Booming Economy Part 2** Bond/Shares - A bond is a loan you give to a company or government, and they promise to pay it back with interest. A share is a piece of ownership in a company that you can buy and sell. Branch Plant - A factory or office set up in one location but owned by a company based somewhere else. Interest - The cost of borrowing money or the profit you earn on savings or loans. Stock Market - A place where people buy and sell shares of companies. Black Tuesday - This was the day that the whole stock market crashed in America. The stock market crash led to America basically shutting down and not being able to function properly as a country. Since many countries relied on America to trade, slowly the whole world started to shut down and face what we call the Great Depression. **A Changing Society** **The Role of Women ** - **Although during the wars women made great strides, they still were not considered equal to men. A few women persevered to be doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers, etc. but most people thought women only could work as nurses, elementary school teachers, and journalists since these jobs were good training for mothers-to-be, were less important than traditional male occupations, and paid a lot less ** - **Other women worked as store clerks, secretaries, or factory workers making up about 20% of the work force ** - **As soon as women got married, they stopped working if the couple could afford it. Women who worked as teachers and civil servants were forced to leave their jobs after marriage and many immigrant women took jobs as domestic servants ** - **Some were discriminated against because of their heritage and employers refused to hire women of Asian or African heritage  ** ** ** **Persons Case** - **When Emily Murphy was appointed a judge in Alberta in 1916 a lawyer challenged her right to the case because she was a woman. In the law women were not considered persons ** - **Although the supreme court ruled that women could be judges but not in the senate. Several groups petitioned to PM Borden to appoint a female senator. During the next 8 years PMs Meighen and King ignored the requests because they argued that the BNA Act of 1867 stated that only "persons" could qualify, and women are not persons.** - **In 1927, the "Alberta Five" Emily Murphy, Nellie McClung, Louise McKinny, Henriette Muir Edwars, and Irene Parlby challenged the definition of persons in the BNA ACT. In 1928, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled against them, so they took the case to the Privy Council in England. In October 1929, the council ruled that women were "persons" ** **Residential Schools ** - **Designed to separate FN kids from their families so they could be easily assimilated ** - **Kids aged 7-15 were forced to live in these schools far from their communities ** - **When they arrived, they were given new names to replace their names stiff uniforms to replace traditional clothing, and European haircuts ** - **Students were severely punished for speaking to their own languages ** - **No references were made to the histories and cultures of FNs. Music, history, and English only reflected themes of English and French societies ** - **Teachers were poorly trained, and few kids received good education since the discipline was very violent, and kids often face physical, psychological and sexual abuse.** - **They were built on flat land in remote areas to make escaping difficult.** - **By the end of the 1920s there were more than 80 residential schools in Canada ** **Aboriginal Peoples and Rights** - **Throughout the decade, Aboriginal people struggled to keep their culture alive since the official government policy was to assimilate them ** - **In 1920, the Meighen government allowed the Department of Indian Affairs to force "deserving FNs to be enfranchised. This meant that they could vote and have all the rights of British citizenship but also meant that they would no longer have FN status or share in treaty rights. ** - **Later, ceremonies associated with many FN was considered illegal ** - **They were put on reserves and struggled to survive. The government wanted them to farm but the land they gave the FNs was poor.  ** - **People who left reserves faced discrimination and were given bad jobs ** - **Increasingly, non-FN people would go hunting on the FNs reserve land leading to the federal government attempting to limit this by tripling hunting and trapping fees ** - **To protest these horrible conditions, FN groups marched on Ottawa several times during the early 1900s. ** - **In 191, Fredrick Loft, a Mohawk and veteran from WW1 created the League of Indians to provide a voice for Indigenous peoples.** 1. 2. 3. 4. - - **When they took their demands to GBR, Canadian officials prevented them from being heard. This activism alarmed the government. ** - **Ducan Campbell Scott threatened to enfranchise Loft, thereby depriving him of his credibility among the status of FN people. Loft protested strongly and the threat was never carried out. ** - **In 1927, King made it illegal for FNs to raise money to lobby the government for land claims, organize politically, and retain legal help to pursue claims against the government ** - **By the 1930s the government's actions had restrained FN activism for the time being. ** **Immigration and Racism ** - **Canada's immigration policy changed after WW1  ** - **CND and U.S.A decided to focus on immigrants as sources ** - **Between 1919-1931 about 1.2 million immigrants arrived in Canada substantial numbers but well below those of the first decade of the century ** - **Discrimination influenced the government's immigration policy ** - **In 1919, two Protestant religious groups, the Mennonites and the Hutterites, were barred from the coming to Canada, along with members of a Christian religious sect from Russia, the Doukhobors until 1926 ** - **In 1928, immigrants from Japan were limited to 150 per year ** - **The 1923, Chinese Exclusion Act prevented immigration of almost anyone from China. ** - **Only 15 immigrants from China were allowed into Canada between 1923-1947 ** - **Passed on Dominion Day this Act was seen by the Chinese community as the ultimate from of humiliation and they refused to celebrate Dominion Day ** **Lifestyle and Culture** ** ** **Music and Dancing ** - **Jazz music was the main music of the 1920s ** - **Originating in New Orleans, the sound soon spread across the U.S. and North to Canada ** - **As jazz evolved other genres like blues took shape ** - **Jazz encouraged daring and energetic dance ** - **Some adults considered them indecent because of their suggestive movements  ** - **The Charleston was the most popular dance, and the black bottom was popular too ** ** ** **Movies ** - **Silent movies were rarely silent since they were shown with piano or organ accompaniment, sound effects, and subtitles ** - **Live orchestras played at large theatres ** - **When "talkies" arrived in Canada in 1927 theatre jobs for musicians disappeared ** - **Comedy was the most popular type of movie during the era ** - **The humor was usually slapstick (people getting hit) ** - **Buster Keaton and Charlie Chaplain were famous comedians ** - **News reels before movies became standard part of programs ** - **People started regularly seeing movies at the theatre ** ** ** **Canadians in Film ** - **Several Canadians like Walter Huston and Norma Shearer played major roles in early Hollywood movies ** - **With his three brothers, jack Warner founded the Warner Brothers Picture in 1923 ** - **They released their first motion picture with synchronized sound in 1927 ** - **Decades later it became Time Warner Inc ** - **Louis B. Mayer grew up in New Brunswick and moved to Boston later where he opened his first theatre in 1907 ** - **Within a few years he had the largest theatre chain in New England and started his own production company which was called MGM ** **Chapter 2: The Boom Years** 1. **After reading pages 46-47, what were three of the major changes that Canada experienced after WWI?** 2. **Create a table in your notes using the following headings to help you understand what was occurring in the different regions of Canada after WWI ended.** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Region of Canada** | **What changes occurred here | | | after WWI?** | +===================================+===================================+ | CITIES | - Cities are getting more | | | populated then rural areas | | | due to less farming | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | QUEBEC | - Still pissed at the rest of | | | Canada from the conscription | | | crisis | | | | | | - no FCNDs left in the | | | parliament | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | MARITIMES | - I felt alienated from the | | | rest of the country | | | | | | - decline in demand for fish | | | and coal put strains on the | | | country's economy | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 1. **Why was there so much labor unrest in Canada during the early 1920s?** Technology/Invention Description (inventor) Impact or Significance ---------------------- ------------------------ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Telephones Alexander Bell People could contact people faster rather than using letters. Air travel The Wright Brothers People could travel the world faster rather than taking boats, trains, or cars. Insulin Fredrick Banting People with diabetes could live longer. Radio Guglielmo Marconi People gained a source of entertainment and somewhere to get informed about the news. Automobile Henry Ford Allow people to travel short distances better. 2. **The Canadian economy really took off in the mid-1920s due to many reasons. What was happening at the time in the following industries: agriculture, pulp and paper, mining, energy, manufacturing, and the impact of the automobile on the economy** 3. **Explain the role that foreign investment had on the Canadian economy in the 1920s. Is this a common theme throughout most of Canadian history?** WW1 changed investment patterns in Canada. Earlier, British financiers invested in Canada by buying bonds. American investor preferred to buy shares in natural resource companies instead. By 1930s, American firms controlled 20% of Canada's industries. To avoid paying tariffs, some U.S. companies established branch plants. Economically, Canada was becoming tied to the U.S. Serious concern about foreign investment lay many ears in the future. 4. **The boom times of the 1920s came to a screeching halt on October 29, 1929. What was the term devoted to this day in history? What happened? What were the spin-off effects on the Canadian economy?** 5. **Canadian society went through some important changes after WWI. What was prohibition and what were some impacts it had?** Prohibition is the ban of the selling and drinking of alcohol. Prohibition and its supporters argued that grains were needed more for food than alcohol. This became a broad social movement aimed at behavior like drinking, smoking, and gambling. Since the American prohibition started after the Canadian one ended CNDs would bootleg alcohol to America illegally. 6. **What were some changes that women experienced in the 1920s that improved their position in society? (Person's Case is very important!)** 7. **Describe how immigrants were treated in 1920s Canada. Provide specific examples.** Immigrants were alienized in the 1920s. King's government decided to focus on Britain and the U.S. as a source of immigrants. Discrimination continued to influence the government's immigration policy. in 1919 the Mennonites and the Hutterites were barred from coming to Canada along with the Doukhobors until 1926. In 1928, the Japanese immigrants were limited to 150 per year. The 1923 Chinese Exclusion Act preventing immigration from China; only 15 Chinese people were let in between 1923-1947. This was passed on Dominion Day, becoming the ultimate form of humiliation for the Chinese Canadian Community. 8. **Lifestyle and culture changes greatly in Canada after WWI. Create a chart, like the one below, in your notes to explain some of the major changes.** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Lifestyle of Cultural | Description | Impact/Significance | | Change | | | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Music and Dance | - Jazz music was | - Jazz encouraged | | | the main music of | daring and | | | the 1920s  | energetic dance  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Originating in | - Some adults | | | New Orleans, the | considered them | | | sound soon spread | indecent because | | | across the U.S. | of | | | and North to | their suggestive | | | Canada  | movements   | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - As jazz evolved | | | | other genres like | | | | blues took shape  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - The Charleston | | | | was the most | | | | popular dance, | | | | and the black | | | | bottom was | | | | popular too  | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Movies | - Silent movies | - Several Canadians | | | were rarely | like Walter | | | silent since they | Huston and Norma | | | were shown with | Shearer played | | | piano or organ | major roles in | | | accompaniment, | early Hollywood | | | sound effects, | movies  | | | and subtitles  | | | | | | | | - Live orchestras | | | | played at large | - With his three | | | theatres  | brothers, jack | | | | Warner founded | | | - When "talkies" | the Warner | | | arrived in Canada | Brothers Picture | | | in 1927  | in 1923  | | | | | | | - theatre jobs for | - Louis B. Mayer | | | musicians | grew up in New | | | disappeared  | Brunswick and | | | | later started his | | | - Comedy was the | own production | | | most popular type | company which was | | | of movie during | called MGM  | | | the era  | | | | | | | | - The humor was | | | | usually slapstick | | | | (people getting | | | | hit)  | | | | | | | | - Buster Keaton and | | | | Charlie Chaplain | | | | were famous | | | | comedians  | | | | | | | | - News reels before | | | | movies became | | | | standard part of | | | | programs  | | | | | | | | - People started | | | | regularly seeing | | | | movies at the | | | | theatre  | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Fashion | **Styles for Men**  | - Before the 190s | | | | it was shameful | | | - Flannel and tweed | for a woman | | | were popular | to show skin, but | | | fabrics for men  | no ankles, | | | | calves, knees, | | | | and backs were | | | | exposed  | | | - Silk ties with | | | | tiny geometric | | | | patterns or | | | | stripes were | - Before only | | | secured with tie | wealthy women | | | pins   | could afford high | | | | fashion but less | | | | complicated | | | | fashion allowed | | | - Men shoes were | middle-income | | | often two toned | women to make | | | in white/tan or | there won similar | | | white/black  | clothes at home  | | | | | | | - Black bowler | | | | hats  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hair parted in | | | | the middle and | | | | slicked down  | | | | | | | | **Evening Wear**  | | | | | | | | - Dresses revealed | | | | more of women's | | | | bodies  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - My skirts were | | | | full length, but | | | | necklines and | | | | backs were low | | | | especially for | | | | speakeasies and | | | | night clubs  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - For men, was a | | | | tailcoat and a | | | | top hat  | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Professional Sports | - We were sports | - The National | | | crazy in the | Hockey League was | | | 1920s  | established in | | | | 1917 with 5 | | | | teams  | | | | | | | - We followed the | | | | heroes like Babe | | | | Ruth in baseball, | | | | Howie Morenz in | | | | hockey and more  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - The media helped | | | | make the 1920s | | | | the golden age of | | | | sports  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Newspapers, | | | | magazines, | | | | theatres, radio | | | | stations, and | | | | more promoted | | | | sport events and | | | | shows highlights | | | | of important | | | | matches  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Baseball was a | | | | popular summer | | | | sport in | | | | baseball, and | | | | this reflected | | | | the growing | | | | influence of | | | | American culture | | | | in Canada  | | | | | | | | - Every community | | | | has an amateur | | | | baseball team  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - In 1924 the | | | | Boston Bruins | | | | were the first | | | | American team to | | | | join the league  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Although hockey | | | | was becoming | | | | concentrated | | | | south of the | | | | border, most | | | | players were | | | | still Canadian  | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | American Influence on | - Sparked by | - This made | | Canadian culture | improvements in | Canadians feel | | | printing tech, | like we were | | | more than 300 | losing our | | | American | culture  | | | magazines | | | | circulated across | | | | Canada in the | | | | 1920s  | - The Canadian | | | | Authors | | | | Association was | | | | formed in 1921 to | | | - Canadians were | promote | | | reading more | nationalism and | | | American | convince people | | | books/magazines | to buy Canadian | | | than Canadian | books  | | | ones   | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Most Canadian | | | - By the end of the | magazines | | | decade Canada had | promised to only | | | 51 radio stations | print Canadian | | | and the U.S. had | stories and use | | | 600 which meant | Canadian | | | people in rural | spellings  | | | areas got no | | | | radio signal and | - Canadian authors | | | people in the | asked for high | | | city were swarmed | tariffs on | | | with American | American work and | | | transmitters  | lower on raw | | | | materials needed | | | | to make their | | | | publication | | | - Since the U.S. | cheaper, but | | | stations had a | their efforts | | | bigger market, | failed  | | | they could make | | | | there shows more | | | | appealing, so | | | | some Canadian | | | | stations gained | | | | the right to | | | | broadcast some | | | | American | | | | stations  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Initially Canadas | | | | feature film | | | | industry was | | | | thriving, but | | | | American movies | | | | were growing more | | | | in popularity  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - This made some | | | | people worried | | | | that American | | | | ideas and | | | | cultures would | | | | corrupt the | | | | youngster | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Event | Description | How did this | | | | influence Canada's | | | | autonomy? | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | The Chanak Affair, | - October 1922, | - This showed | | 1922 | Turkish troops | Canada's | | | threatened | independence and | | | British troops | ability to make | | | stationed near | their own | | | Chanak on the | decisions | | | Dardanelles  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - In response the | | | | empire asked its | | | | colonies for | | | | military support. | | | | This was released | | | | to the press | | | | before properly | | | | asking dominion | | | | leaders.  | | | | | | | | - Instead of | | | | agreeing like | | | | other Canadian | | | | PMs would, King | | | | refused to send | | | | troops, and he | | | | said that the | | | | Parliament would | | | | have to decide  | | | | | | | | - On the other | | | | hand, Arthur | | | | Meighen, the | | | | Conservative lead | | | | er | | | | disagreed and | | | | thought that | | | | Canada should | | | | stand with | | | | Britain. By the | | | | time this issue | | | | was debated in | | | | Parliament, the | | | | war was over  | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | The Halibut Treaty, | - March 1923, | - This shows | | 1923 | Canada and the | Canada's | | | U.S.A signed this | independence in | | | treaty covering | making her own | | | the protection of | choices | | | the pacific | | | | halibut fish  | - Although the | | | | treaty was denied | | | | by the U.S | | | | Senate, it set a | | | - This was created | precedent for | | | at Kings | Canada authority | | | insistence and | to sign treaties | | | was signed by the | independent from | | | CND Fisheries | Britain.  | | | Minister, with no | | | | countersignature | | | | from the British | | | | Ambassador  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - The British | | | | government | | | | protested but | | | | agreed when King | | | | threatened to | | | | appoint a | | | | Canadian | | | | diplomatic | | | | representative in | | | | Washington  | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | The Imperial | - King attended | - Shows | | Conference, 1923 | this determined | Kings/Canadas | | | to resist British | power | | | efforts to | | | | establish a | | | | centralized | | | | foreign policy | | | | for all their | | | | Dominions  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - The British | | | | foreign secretary | | | | considered King | | | | tiresome and | | | | stupid, but King | | | | still succeeded  | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Constitutional Crisis | - In 1925 the | - King posed as a | | (King-Byng Affair), | economy was doing | champion of | | 1926 | great, so King | Canadas | | | decided to call | independence  | | | an election  | | | | | | | | | | | | | - This issue | | | - This turned out | distracted voters | | | to be a mistake | from the customs | | | since the | scandal  | | | liberals won 99 | | | | seats, | | | | Conservative won | | | | 116, and the | - During his second | | | Progressives won | time in this role | | | 24 seats. No | king tried to | | | party held a | redefine the role | | | majority.  | of governor | | | | general as a | | | | representative of | | | | the monarch and | | | - Most people | not British | | | thought that King | government   | | | should resign and | | | | let Arthur | | | | Meighen become | | | | PM, but King | | | | refused to resign | | | | and hoped that | | | | the Progressive | | | | Party would side | | | | with him  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - A scandal where | | | | the PM fired the | | | | minister | | | | responsible for | | | | the scandal and | | | | then appointed | | | | him to the senate | | | | would mess up all | | | | of Kings plans  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meighen saw is a | | | | chance to force | | | | King to resign | | | | but before he | | | | could get | | | | criticized King | | | | asked Byng to | | | | dissolve | | | | Parliament and | | | | call an election. | | | | When Byng refused | | | | King asked him to | | | | consult the | | | | British | | | | government and | | | | when he refused | | | | again the | | | | constitutional | | | | crisis began.  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Meighen became | | | | the PM on Byng's | | | | request but | | | | within a week he | | | | lost a | | | | non-confidence | | | | vote. This time | | | | Byng agrees to | | | | dissolve the | | | | parliament and | | | | host another | | | | election  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - King returned to | | | | office in 1926, | | | | and Meighen | | | | resigned as | | | | Conservative | | | | leader and was | | | | replaced by R.B. | | | | Bennet  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Traditionally the | | | | position of | | | | governor general | | | | had represented | | | | the British | | | | Monarch and | | | | Government but, | | | | in the election, | | | | King argued that | | | | Byng had been | | | | wrong to refuse | | | | the PMs requests  | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | The Imperial | - 1926, this | - Canada was no | | Conference, (Balfour | conference sought | free to makes its | | Declaration), 1926 | further | own foreign | | | recognition of | policy decisions  | | | the Dominion | | | | autonomy  | - King was also | | | | successful in | | | | redefining the | | | | Governor Generals | | | - King drafted what | powers  | | | is known as the | | | | Balfour | | | | Declaration, | | | | which updated the | | | | relationship | | | | between Britain | | | | and its colonies  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - The CND Gov. | | | | would now just | | | | talk to the BRIT | | | | Gov. instead of | | | | through the | | | | governor general. | | | | In 1928, Britain | | | | appointed a high | | | | commissioner to | | | | Canada to | | | | communicate.  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - King established | | | | legations in the | | | | U.S (1926), | | | | France (1928), | | | | and Japan (1929) | | | | to carry out CANs | | | | foreign policy  | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Canada also | | | | expanded its | | | | foreign service | | | | in Ottawa  | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ **Chapter 3** **The Great Depression** 1. **Where did Canadians turn for help during these hard times?** 2. **People in all parts of Canada suffered as the Depression tightened its grip. Not all parts of Canada suffered equally, though. Create a chart in your notes with the following headings to describe the regional effects of the Great Depression** +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | **Regional Effects** | **Description** | +===================================+===================================+ | The Effect on Agriculture | - the declining fortunes of | | | prairie farmers had a ripple | | | effect on the manufacturing | | | sector | | | | | | - Companies producing equipment | | | had to cut back production | | | and lay off workers | | | | | | - As unemployment rose, fewer | | | people had the money to buy | | | consumer goods. Then more | | | people lost their jobs | | | leading to a vicious cycle. | | | | | | - Farmers in Atlantic Canada | | | did not face the GD as bad | | | | | | - long droughts | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | The Effect on Resource Industries | - Workers in fishing, timber, | | | and coal industries | | | experienced the full effects | | | of the economic downturn as | | | the global demand for | | | resources dried up. | | | | | | - FN and Metis people who | | | earned their living from fur | | | trapping and fishing felt | | | this too | | | | | | - NFLND which was independent | | | back them was hit hard | | | | | | - The combination of interest | | | and relief payments bankrupts | | | the government, forcing the | | | Brits to control the | | | dominion's economy. | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Who Benefits? | - Some wealthy CNDs with cash | | | benefited from buying farms, | | | homes, and land at cheap | | | prices and selling them for | | | hug profits. | | | | | | - Many larger corporations | | | remained profitable by | | | cutting wages, laying off | | | workers, and reducing | | | production | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ 3. **After reading pages 86-89, how did William Lyon Mackenzie King respond to the Depression? How did R.B. Bennett respond?**   4. **Why do you think unemployed workers responded so forcefully to King\'s \"five-cent piece\" comment?** 5. **In what ways did some groups suffer more than others during the Depression? Describe the impact that the Depression had on Aboriginal Communities.** 6. **What were relief camps? Why were these created and by whom? Describe what life was like in these camps.** 7. **Describe what occurred during The Regina Riot. How was this victory for Bennett?** 8. **What was Bennet's \"New Deal\"? How was this influenced by the New Deal in the United States?** 9. **One of the effects of the Depression was that many Canadians lost confidence in traditional political parties. Many turned to new regional parties that demanded social and economic reforms. In your notes, create a chart which describes the aims and beliefs of each party.** +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | **Regional | **Who?** | **What?** | **Why?** | | Party** | | | | +=================+=================+=================+=================+ | The | Tiny group of | - A small | - They blamed | | Co-operative | MPs | group of | GD on the | | Commonwealth | | MPs formed | capitalist | | Federation | | this and | system  | | | | what is now | | | | | known as | - They | | | | the New | rejected | | | | Democratic | capitalism | | | | Party  | and | | | | | revolutiona | | | | - They | ry | | | | introduced | communism | | | | many | in favor of | | | | policies | democratic | | | | like:  | socialism  | | | | | | | | | - public | | | | | ownership | | | | | of banks, | | | | | public | | | | | utilities, | | | | | transport | | | | | companies, | | | | | and other | | | | | major | | | | | industries  | | | | | | | | | | - improved | | | | | health and | | | | | social | | | | | services  | | | | | | | | | | - Tax system | | | | | designed to | | | | | redistribut | | | | | e | | | | | wealth  | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | The Social | William | - Based on | - The idea of | | Credit Party | Aberhart | the | a social | | | | economic | dividend | | | | theory that | made sense | | | | proposed | to them and | | | | the | William | | | | government | Aberhart | | | | pay a | used to | | | | social | host a | | | | dividend to | radio show | | | | every | to preach | | | | citizen  | these | | | | | ideas  | | | | - Consumers | | | | | would buy | - He forms | | | | more, | this party | | | | leading to | to preach | | | | an increase | his ideas | | | | in | and be | | | | production | heard more  | | | | which would | | | | | create more | | | | | jobs and | | | | | jump start | | | | | our | | | | | economy  | | | | | | | | | | - in the 935 | | | | | election | | | | | his party | | | | | won 56 out | | | | | of 63 | | | | | seats   | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ | The Union | Maurice | - In the | - He promised | | Nationale | Duplessis | 1900s in | to defend | | | | Quebec | French | | | | nationalism | language, | | | | skyrocketed | religion, | | | |   | and culture | | | | | against the | | | | - Liberals in | English | | | | Quebec had | business | | | | been in | interests  | | | | power since | | | | | 1897  | - His | | | | | strategy | | | | - With close | worked and | | | | ties to the | this union | | | | English | took over | | | | business | office  | | | | community, | | | | | the | - Once in | | | | government | power, | | | | resisted | Duplessis | | | | pressure | failed to | | | | for | deliver his | | | | economic | promises | | | | reforms  | and left | | | | | the economy | | | | - By the | in the | | | | mid-1930s | hands of an | | | | many were | English | | | | ready for a | business | | | | change  | interests | | | | | and passed | | | | - Maurice | laws | | | | Duplessis | outlawing | | | | sensed a | labor | | | | new | protests  | | | | political | | | | | opportunity | | | | |. | | | | | He joined | | | | | forces with | | | | | a group of | | | | | rebellious | | | | | Liberals to | | | | | form the | | | | | Union | | | | | National  | | | | | | | | | | - In the | | | | | campaign of | | | | | 1936 | | | | | Duplessis | | | | | focused on | | | | | the | | | | | corruption | | | | | in the | | | | | liberal | | | | | government  | | +-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+-----------------+ 10. **In your opinion, which of the three new parties provided the most practical response to the problems of the Depression? Give reasons for your response.** I think the CCF had the most practical response to GD. I think this is because they introduced many things like public ownership of banks, public utilities, transport companies, improved health and social services. Also, the tax system was redesigned to redistribute wealth. All of these points work together and, in my opinion, helped our society get back on its feet more. 11. **Who passed The Padlock Law? What did this law give the authorities power to do? What effect did this have on labour unions?** 12. **Entertainment offered Canadians a way to escape life\'s harsh realities during the Depression. Create a chart, like the one below, in your notes to explain some of the major changes.** +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | **Canadian Culture in | **Description** | **Impact or | | the 1930s** | | Significance** | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Radio | - Bennet created | - CNDs love the | | | CRBC since people | radio and use it | | | were listening to | a lot to get | | | the radio so much | through this | | | | tough time | | | - This is what | | | | cheered people up | - Shows like Hockey | | | in this dark time | Night in Canada | | | | became weekly | | | - Hockey Night in | rituals for | | | Canada was a very | people | | | big radio show | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Musical Trends | - The "big band" | - impact on the | | | sound became very | development of | | | popular in this | modern North | | | time | America music. | | | | | | | - CBC provided lots | | | | of these artists | | | | | | | | - Artists of | | | | African decent | | | | started to make | | | | their mark and | | | | had an impact on | | | | the development | | | | of modern NA | | | | music. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Newspapers | - American | - Bennet imposed | | | publications | heavy tarrfis on | | | dominated Canada | American stuff to | | | | protect Canadian | | | | authors | | | | | | | | - When King went | | | | back into the | | | | office, he | | | | removed this | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Magazines | - Magazines from | - Most news/stories | | | America still | were from America | | | dominated Canada | | | | | - Little to no | | | - | coverage about | | | | Canada or CNDs in | | | | international or | | | | current events. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ 13. **Describe how Fascism and Nazism rose in the 1930s. What role did Benito Mussolini, Francisco Franco and Adolf Hitler play?** 14. **In what ways was Hitler gaining power in the late 1930s?** 15. **What was The Munich Agreement? What did this allow Germany to do?** -- --------------------------------------------------------------- **Midterm Exam Review-long/short answer potential questions** -- --------------------------------------------------------------- 1. Today, Canada is recognized, and revered, respected and admired, as a multicultural society. The Canadian government and people have always valued the contributions of its ethnic minorities and indigenous people. Agree or disagree with this statement using one example from each of the units we have discussed in class thus far (World War I, 1920's, 1930's). Choose one side and give examples for that one side ONLY! DISAGREE!!! a. Padlock Law OR Immigrants = relief camps or no relief (1930s) b. Don't let nonwhite people fight until we need people = No. 2 Construction Battalion (WW1) c. Person's case OR Aboriginal Rights (1920s) d. **World War I:** Canada acknowledged the contributions of ethnic minorities, such as Indigenous soldiers and Chinese laborers, despite systemic discrimination. For instance, approximately 4,000 Indigenous men served in the war, gaining respect for their bravery. e. **1920s:** The Canadian government introduced policies like the Indian Act amendments, aiming for assimilation rather than integration, which shows recognition but also flawed implementation of multiculturalism. f. **1930s:** During the Great Depression, Canada\'s immigration policies became restrictive, marginalizing certain groups, but the ongoing contributions of ethnic minorities in areas like labor and culture were evident, highlighting their integral role in society. 2. The position of females in Canadian society saw significant improvement through the hard work and sacrifice of many women. Agree or disagree with this statement using one example from each of the units we have discussed in class thus far (World War I, 1920's, 1930's). Choose one side a