WW1 History Exam Review PDF

WW1 Robert Borden PM -PM from 1911 1920 -eighth prime minister -notably by insisting on separate Canadian membership in the League of Nations—in transforming the status of his country from that of a colony to that of nation. Sam Hughes Former Minister of Militia and Defence of Canada Hughes incre...

WW1 Robert Borden PM -PM from 1911 1920 -eighth prime minister -notably by insisting on separate Canadian membership in the League of Nations—in transforming the status of his country from that of a colony to that of nation. Sam Hughes Former Minister of Militia and Defence of Canada Hughes increased the efficiency of the pre-war militia and, after 1914, led the Canadian war effort with enormous personal energy and drive. A talented and charismatic politician first elected in 1892, he entered Cabinet as Prime Minister Borden's defence minister in 1911 and was knighted in 1915. Arthur Currie the first and only Canadian to command the Canadian Corps during the First World War, was a pivotal figure in the nation's war effort Battles in WW1 Battle of Vimy Ridge The battle was a strategic victory, as Vimy Ridge was an important observation point over the whole of the Douai plain, a key industrial and railway region in Northern France. The Battle of Vimy Ridge was also the first time that all four divisions of the Canadian Corps had fought together and 3600 canadiens were killed ​ The battle took place on the Western Front, in northern France. The four divisions of the Canadian Corps, fighting together for the first time, attacked the ridge from 9 to 12 April 1917 and captured it from the German army Battle of Somme In the summer of 1916 the British launched the largest battle of the war on the Western Front, against German lines. The offensive was one of the bloodiest in human history. Over the course of five months, approximately 1.2 million men were killed or wounded at the Somme. The Canadian Corps was involved in the final three months of fighting The battle was intended to break through German defenses and relieve pressure on the French forces fighting at Verdun, which was under heavy attack. Canada and the Battle of Passchendaele The Battle of Passchendaele, also known as the Third Battle of Ypres, was a major campaign during World War I that took place between July 31 and November 10, 1917, in Flanders, Belgium. Canadian forces played a critical and costly role in the later stages of the battle, helping secure the Allied victory. - did nothing to help the Allied effort and became a symbol of the senseless slaughter of the First World War. Battle Of Ypres -It was the first major battle fought by Canadian troops in the Great War. The battle took place on the Ypres salient on the Western Front, in Belgium, outside the city of Ypres. The untested Canadians distinguished themselves as a determined fighting force, resisting the horror of the first large-scale poison gas attack in modern history Home Front -Halifax explosion - It was to ships collide off the coast of halifax and they crash into each other one holding explosives from war making the ship blow up -Conscription - basically being forced to be military trained and go to war by the government. -Profiteering the practice of making or seeking to make an excessive or unfair profit, especially illegally or in a black market. Example bumping up prices of goods before or after a hurricane hits -Military service act made all male citizens aged 20 to 45 subject to conscription for military service -Wartime elections act granted women with men away for war the right to take their vote giving lots of women the right to vote -War measure act basically strip people of their rights when a war was occurring and basically gave police and the government the right to do anything WW1 Details -Trench warfare was just disgusting because people weren’t allowed to drink alcohol to get rid of the pain and people had to drink and pee out of the same bucket and gave lots of people disease. There was deadly poison gas being used as well so if you didn’t have a gas mask at the time you would pee on a cloth and breathe through to try to cancel out the acids. -The Canadians also planned to use a tactic called the “creeping barrage”. The goal of the creeping barrage was to create a line of shellfire just in front of the Canadian troops and then keep it moving forward like a shield so that the soldiers could move behind it, across the battlefield. -War propaganda came in many different ways with posters and helped get people to support the war efforts in canada -the Treaty of Versailles subjected Germany to strict punitive measures. The Treaty required the new German Government to surrender approximately 10 percent of its prewar territory in Europe and all of its overseas possessions. Reparations payments- In 1922 the amount to be pai was set at £6.6 billion. Armed Forces - Germany's army and navy were significantly reduced in size and its air force abolished: it was allowed a maximum of 100,000 troops in the army. conscription was banned. The League of Nations was an international organization, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, created after the First World War to provide a forum for resolving international disputes Montreal canadiens lost in the stanley cup Constantine I was king of Greece at the start of World War I. His neutral, but essentially pro-German, stance during the war caused the Western Allies and his Greek opponents to depose him in 1917. He was restored to the throne in 1920, only to lose it again two years later. Unit 2 – the Roaring 20’s & the Dirty 30’s -​ Willam Lyon Mackenzie King Prime minister Canada 1921–26, 1926–30 and 1935–48 -​ Canada's longest serving prime minister -​ He steered Canada through industrialization, much of the Great Depression, and the Second World War -​ Leader of liberal party -​ Causes of depression -the stock market crash -control of price and wages -Rising inflation -oil prices up -decrease in manufacturing orders -​ Unionization -winnipeg general strike a strike that happened because people couldn’t afford needs and the strike was for better pay and equality -​ New political Parties -CCF whose purpose is the establishment in Canada of a co-operative commonwealth, in which the basic principle of regulating production, distribution and exchange will be the supplying of human needs instead of the making of profit -Social Credit The term Social Credit describes an economic reform doctrine, concerned with the redistribution of capitalist wealth to benefit consumers. -Union Nationale The Union Nationale was a Québec political party founded in 1935 and dissolved in 1989. The party won six provincial elections between 1936 and 1966. Maurice  Duplessis was its charismatic leader until his death in 1959. The party of a generation, the Union Nationale defended provincial autonomy, conservatism, economic liberalism and rural life. -JS Woodsworth ​ The 20’s – Jazz music, dancing the Charleston, alcohol & prohibition, the WCTU, booming economy & natural resources -WCTU The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) was the largest non-denominational women’s organization in 19th century Canada. Believing that alcohol abuse was the cause of unemployment, disease, sex work, poverty, violence against women and children, and immorality, the WCTU campaigned for the legal prohibition of all alcoholic beverages. Its membership was drawn from Canada’s growing middle class, and its members held evangelical Protestant views. -Residential schools kids were taken away from their homes and forced into these schools to become the perfect canadian citizens when they grow up by forcing everything on them and being severely punished if they don’t listen -Group of seven -The great depression ​ -stock market crash / black tuesday On October 29, 1929, "Black Tuesday" hit Wall Street as investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Around $14 billion of stock value was lost, wiping out thousands of investors. The panic selling reached its peak with some stocks having no buyers at any price. ​ -Unemployment lots of people became unemployed during the great depression because of a loss of jobs ​ -Drought in the Prairies From 1929 to 1937, rainfall in the Palliser Triangle was far below average, plunging the region into a period of extreme drought that compounded the difficulties of the Great Depression. ​ -Riding The Rods stealing rides on a freight train(Carrying goods) ​ -Soup Kitchens tons of people had to survive off of soup kitchens and try to get as full as possible a the ​ -Relief Camps The federal government made relief camps so that single men would get a room and board and a short pay but in exchange men were forced to do physical labour for there things and the bathrooms were also not to good there ​ -On to Ottawa Trek Lots of men became unhappy with their living conditions and traveled by train and truck to strike in the streets of vancouver but when they strike for months with no results they took there strike to the streets of Ottawa by riding on top of change ​ -Regina Riot Bennet decided to order the trains to stop in Regina and not let anyone get out by sending highly trained officers to deal with the problem. The RCMP officers arrested the leaders of the operation and thus provoked the Regina riot. Only to people died but plenty were injured and arrested and eventually got sent on there way back to vancouver ​ -Bennett Buggies / blanket /brew - Renamed because Bennet was in power at the time Bennet buggies were vehicles striped of there mechial parts and were pulled by horse. Blanket = newspapers. Bennet brew = Coffee/ roasted wheat ​ Political Events -​ Chanack affair- - Canada’s Prime Minister at the time, William Lyon Mackenzie King, hesitated to provide immediate support. - King argued that Canada’s Parliament, not Britain, should decide whether to send troops. This marked a shift from the automatic support Canada had provided during World War I. - By the time Canada made a decision, the crisis had already de-escalated diplomatically. -King Byng Affair -Mackenzie King was the leader of Canada, but his government wasn’t doing very well, and he didn’t have enough support in Parliament. -King asked Lord Byng (who represented the King of Britain back then) to let him have an election so people could vote again. -But Lord Byng said no! He thought another election wasn’t necessary yet. Instead, he asked someone else to try running the government. -That didn’t work out, so an election happened anyway. -Halibut Treaty The Halibut Treaty was an agreement between Canada and the United States of America on the management of halibut stocks in the north Pacific. Matters of foreign policy were particularly divisive in the 1920s, notably those concerning the status and responsibilities of Canada as part of the British empire. Women's Rights The persons case At the time, the law in Canada said only "qualified persons" could be appointed to the Senate. But many people believed that only men were "persons." Women weren’t allowed to hold certain important jobs, like being senators. The Famous Five The women asked the government to clarify: "Does the word ‘person’ include women?" The case went to Canada’s Supreme Court, which said no—women weren’t "persons" under the law. Unit 3 – Second World War Causes of WW2 -Hitlers breaking of the Treaty of Versaille -Fascism fascism as a mass political movement centered around extreme nationalism, militarism, and the placement of national interests above those of the individual. -Appeasement giving people what they want to prevent them from harming you or being angry with you -Militarism having a bigger military than what is aloud -Pearl Harbour -Invasion of poland and czechoslovakia R -- Rise of Dictators. A -- Appeasement. F -- Failure of the League of Nations. T -- The Treaty of Versailles -New technologies – radar, aircraft, tanks, submarines U boats german submarines -Battles in WW2 -Hong kong - first land battle canadians fought in ww2 -two groups of soldiers were supposed to be on guard duty but ending up fighting for their lives but had to end up surrendering under japanese soldiers and became prisoners of war being basically slaves until they were freed and tons of soldiers died from starvation and being beat -Battle of the atlantic It was the longest war of ww2 going from 1939-1945 -it was for control over the north atlantic using u boats and war boats -The convoy system consists of a group of merchant ships sailing together under the protection of larger and/or more heavily armed ships -Liberation of the concentration camps & the Holocaust, the St. Louis Incident -Concentration camps at Auschwitz took place in occupied Poland and were places where jewish people were exterminated in gas chambers and accounted for the ethics of over a million jews. -The holocaust was the genocide of eurpeon jews and acounted for the death of 6 millon europenaon jews a 3rd of europeoun jew population -St louis incident a boat full of jewish refugees that were fleeing to canada but were denied entry when there and had to go back and get dropped off at 4 different europeans countries and 254 ended up dying because of the holocaust -Japanese internment of canadians was japan's people being forced to move to remote areas of BC and if they didn’t accept this they were basilly forced to leave the country and anyone that stayed was not aloud back -Strategic bombing is a strategy to destroy a country's ability or will to fight by attacking its homeland from the air. The britain were continuously getting bombed in important places by the nazis in hopes of a surrender by destroying Unit 4 – Postwar World -NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization 32 member country -NORAD North American Aerospace Defense Command