Health Indicators presenttion final.pptx

Under supervision : Health Dr. Lamiaa Amin Indicator Prepared by : s Group (1) Prepared by : Sara Hamada Eledessoki Sara Elmandouh Aya Ali Ali Abdelhamid Rakan Mohammed Are...

Under supervision : Health Dr. Lamiaa Amin Indicator Prepared by : s Group (1) Prepared by : Sara Hamada Eledessoki Sara Elmandouh Aya Ali Ali Abdelhamid Rakan Mohammed Areej lafi faraj Fahad Khalaf Alalyani alrakah Mohammed Kuraywin Mousa Aziz Alrashdi Sultan Saeed ALKHATHIRI Alotaibi Ahmed Musnet Subitan Mohammed Ahmed Ali shutaywi alharbi Alzhrani Ali Mohammed Altukhais Abdullelah Obaid Abdulaziz Ayedh Alosaimi Alotaibi Outlines Introduction The concept of Health The concept of Health indicator What’s the difference between metrics, indicators and performance indicators? DATA, INDICATOR, AND HEALTH Indicator Classification of health indicators Characteristics and criteria of a Health indicator Outlines Uses of health indicators Types of health indicator Types of Data References Introduction  Indicators are required to measure the health status of community , to compare the health status of one country with that of another and for assessment of health care needs.  for allocation of resources , for monitoring and evaluation of health services and activities and programs.  Indicators help to manage the extent to which the objectives and targets of a programs are being attained. Concep is “a state of complete physical, mental, and t of social wellbeing and not Health merely the absence of the disease or infirmity. Health A health indicator is a measure designed to indicat summarize information or about a given priority topic in population health or health system performance. Health indicators provide comparable and actionable information across different geographic, organizational or administrative boundaries and/or can track progress over time. DATA, INDICATOR, AND HEALTH INDICATOR There is a hierarchy of concepts in the field of public health. The word: data refers to the most basic unit (input) which, when managed, generates an indicator; the indicator, once analyzed, generates information, which, once interpreted, generates knowledge. The knowledge requires dissemination by appropriate and efficient communication processes, in order to influence health-related decision-making and produce an action. 9 Data Information Knowledge action SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 3/1/20XX What’s the difference between metrics, indicators and performance indicators? 11 SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 3/1/20XX  A health indicator is related to different types of health measures. Health system performance indicators are types of health indicators, and health indicators are types of metrics. 13 SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 3/1/20XX Classification of health indicators  The classification of the health indicators as positive and negative reflects whether they are associated directly or inversely with health. Characteristics and Criteria of indicator: Valid effectively measures only what it attempts to measure, and it represents a true expression of the phenomena it is measuring Reliable / objective results of the measurement should be the same when the measurement is performed by other people or under similar circumstances Sensitive  the indicator should have the capacity to measure changes of the phenomena of interest  Specific It should reflect changes only of the situation/phenomenon it is related to, and not of similar or unrelated events. Measurable data should be available or easy to obtain. Policy‐relevant  the indicator should be capable of providing clear responses to key policy issues. Cost-effective  results of the use of an indicator should justify the investments in its implementation. Understandable  information users must be able to understand it and it should be easy to use and interpret by analysts. Uses of health indicators  Description Health indicators can be used to describe health care needs in population and disease burden in specific population group  This description of needs can guide in decision about  unmet needs  Input needed to address problem The group should receive attention 1) Forecast or prognosis Used to anticipate results with regard to state of health (forecast) of population or group of patients (prognosis) Used also in disease outbreak to prevent epidemic. 2) Explanation  Facilitate understanding of why some individuals are healthy and other not.  Analysis of indicators in relation to social determinants of health such as:  Age  Gender  Norms  Ethnicity  Income  Social Support 3) System management and quality improvement Regular monitoring of health indicators can also provide feedback to improve decision making in various systems and sectors 4) Evaluation:  Show the results of health interventions. The monitoring of such indicators can detect the impact of health policies, programs, services, and actions. 5) Accountability:  Provide needed information-on risks, disease and mortality patterns, and health- related trends over time- for a wide range of audiences and users such as governments, health professionals and international organizations. This information is vital in social control, evaluation, and institutional monitor. 6) Research: Health indicators can facilitate analysis and lead to a hypothesis to explain observed trends and discrepancies. SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 7) Measure gender gaps.  That resulting from differences or inequalities in gender roles, norms, and relations  This provide evidence as to difference between men and women as revealed by health indicators.  Mortality  Morbidity  Risk factors  Attitude toward seek health services are the results of gender based inequitable. Types of health indicat  Morbidity Indicators 32 Mortality Indicators Nutritional status indicator Environmental Indicators Health care delivery Indicators Social indicators (population, families, educational.earning) Basic needs indicators (calories consumption ,access to water, illiteracy) Health for All indicators SAMPLE FOOTER TEXT 3/1/20XX 1-Morbidity indicators are designed to measure the occurrence of diseases, injuries, and disabilities in populations.  These indicators can be expressed by measuring incidence or by measuring prevalence. Assessing morbidity rates requires direct observation as surveys.  Data quality Disease Factors can severity affect the accuracy of the Cultural norms measurement of morbid events Confidentiality Health information systems 2-Mortality indicator:  Mortality data are a fundamental source of demographic, geographic and cause-of-death information. This data is used to quantify health problems as well as to define or monitor health priorities and goals.  Mortality in a specified place at a specific time can be measured in a number of ways such as in absolute numerical terms, as proportions, and as rates. Examples of mortality indicators  Infant Mortality Rate  Maternal Mortality Ratio  Mortality From Acute Respiratory Infection In Children Under Age Five  3-Nutritional status indicator: Is a positive indicator and vary in measurement:  newborn: are measured for their birth weight, head circumference, they reflect maternal nutrition status.  preschool children: weight: measure acute malnutrition  Height& mid arm circumference: measure chronic malnutrition  Children: measure weight,height,head &chest&mid arm circumference  Adult: underweight , obesity, and anemia are generally reliable nutritional indicator.  Prevalence of low birth weight  Poverty level 4-Environmental indicators:  Reflect quality of physical and biological environment where disease occur, and people live.  Indicator measure proportion of population having access to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities.  Indicator explain the prevalence of communicable disease in community.  Indicator measure air and water pollution , radiation, noise ,exposure to toxic substance in food 5-Health care delivery Indicators:  These indicator reflect the equity of distribution of health resources in different parts of country and provision of health care.as  Doctor-population ratio  Doctor-nurse ratio  Population-bed ratio Types of data A) Primary data means first-hand information  collected by an investigator.  It is collected for the first time.  It is original and more reliable. For example, the population census conducted by the government of India after every ten years is primary data. B) Secondary data  refers to second-hand information. It is not originally collected and rather obtained from already published or unpublished sources. For example, the address of a  person taken from the telephone directory, or the phone number of a company taken from Just Dial Methods of Collecting Primary Data:  Direct personal investigation  Indirect oral investigation  Information through correspondents  Telephonic interview  Mailed questionnaire  The questionnaire filled by enumerators  Methods of Collecting secondary Data: Information collected through Journal censuses or Internet government GPS, Km paper searches departments remote progress and like housing, or sensing. reports. magazin social security, libraries. electoral es. statistics, tax records. References https://www.cihi.ca/en/h ealth-indicators https://www3.paho.org/h q/index.php?option=com _docman&view=downlo ad&alias=45249-health-i ndicators-conceptual-op erational-considerations- 249&category_slug=hea lth-analysis-metrics-evid ence-9907&Itemid=270 &lang=en https://www.oasis-open.o rg/committees/download.php/21734/Health%20In dicators.pdf