Gr 12 Tourism 2024 Last Push Revision Booklet (ECDOE) PDF

1 TOURISM GRADE 12 ‘LAST PUSH’ REVISION BOOKLET 2024 TOPIC: DOMESTIC, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TOURISM Global events A global event is a happening or occurrence of international importance because it will affect the whole world....

1 TOURISM GRADE 12 ‘LAST PUSH’ REVISION BOOKLET 2024 TOPIC: DOMESTIC, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TOURISM Global events A global event is a happening or occurrence of international importance because it will affect the whole world. A global event affects the whole economy of the country in which it is hosted The main Income generation (money spent by visitors at the destination) economic benefits Investment in infrastructure and services (such as communication) of global events Job creation Foreign exchange income The advantages a Infrastructure development global event holds Investment for the host Income from foreign exchange country The multiplier effect Disadvantages of High cost of new infrastructure global events for a Disappointing investment and foreign exchange income host country Increased cost of goods and services Economic leakages Community opposition Political situations A political situation refers to what is happening in the politics of a country. Examples: civil war, terrorism, general unrest Unforeseen Unforeseen occurrences are events that are unpredictable – we do not occurrences expect or know that the event will take place. Examples: tsunamis, earthquakes and other natural disasters, the global recession, diseases, accidents, and economic upsets The impact of Destruction of infrastructure unforeseen Destruction of flora, fauna, and ecosystems occurrences Cancellation of flights, rail, cruises, and road trips Cancellation of holidays Fewer tourists will visit the destination Less revenue will be generated Job losses Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  2 TOPIC: MAP WORK AND TOUR PLANNING Itinerary The itinerary specifies all aspects of a traveller’s programme day by day The itinerary indicates the planned activities, accommodation, meals, transport and optional excursions. World Health A specialised agency of the United Nations Organisation and its main Organisation concern is public health It provides support to countries and monitors global health trends Vaccination A vaccination is a preparation injected into the blood stream to stimulate a protective immune response. A vaccination prevents a person from being infected with the disease if they do come into contact with it Compulsory Are regulated (by the World Health Organisation) according to vaccination identified threats found in some countries To contain the spreading of a high-risk disease Recommended A precautionary measure to ensure the health of individual tourists and vaccination are optional Malaria Take preventive medicines precautions Apply insect repellent to exposed skin Close windows and doors at night unless they are screened Sleep under a mosquito net Wear long-sleeved tops, trousers and socks when going outdoors during the evening. Valid passport A document issued by a national government that certifies the identity (name, date of birth, gender and place of birth) and nationality of its holder. Visa A stamp endorsed in the applicant’s passport giving the holder permission to travel to, enter, transit or remain in a foreign country Health certificate A health certificate is a statement signed by a health-care provider (such as a doctor) that proves the health of the bearer of the certificate. The health certificate is a booklet that travellers must produce as proof that they have had the necessary vaccinations required to enter a country. International Permits a tourist to drive in a foreign country Driver’s Permit Provides important information to validate the South African driver's (IDP) license in many different languages. Car rental companies often request a valid IDP when driving abroad Duty free goods Duty free goods are goods that have been purchased at a duty-free shop on which the tourist will not pay tax at customs Prohibited goods Prohibited goods are goods that, according to the law, may not be brought into a country. Green channel The green channel is a route located in the customs area of an international airport for passengers who have nothing to declare (those who are carrying goods that are within the customs limits only/not carrying prohibited items). Red channel The red channel is a route located in the customs area of an international airport for passengers with goods to declare (those who are carrying items above the permitted customs limit and/or carrying prohibited items). To declare To state officially the goods that you have brought into a country at customs. Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  3 Daylight Savings A practice of turning the clock one hour ahead of standard time at the Time beginning of summer to gain extra daylight hours Advantage of DST: More daylight time available to spend outdoors More time to participate in leisure activities, e.g. shopping Attractions opened for longer hours Time Zone A region of the Earth where all the countries have adopted the same standard time Steps to follow 1. Locate the places on a world time zone map and determine their time when doing time zones. The world time zone map is colour coded. This means that the zone calculations: white/grey areas on the top of the map correspond with the colour of the country. 2. Determine the number of hours difference between the TWO places. 3. Decide if you must add (going east) or subtract (going west) the number of hours. 4. Add/subtract the number of hours and give the answer using the 24- hour clock. Remember to include the day or date. 5. If the calculation requires DST, first add ONE hour to the time zone of the place that uses DST. [If New York (-5) is used in the calculation, the time zone should be adjusted by adding ONE hour, taking New York to -4]. Then do the calculation as usual. 6. Calculations with flying time: If you want to determine the arrival time ADD the flying time If you want to determine the departure time SUBTRACT the flying time Jet lag Jet lag is a physical condition related to flying long distances over many time zones (flying from east to west or west to east). It is related to the number of time zones a traveller crosses and not to the length of the flight. SYMPTOMS OF JET LAG: Insomnia Fatigue Irritability Interrupted sleep Discomfort in legs and feet Struggle to concentrate Constipation or diarrhoea Confusion and disorientation Dehydration Headaches Nausea Loss of appetite Dizziness Jet fatigue Jet fatigue is related to the length of the flight as many travellers feel extreme tiredness after a long flight. Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  4 TOPIC: TOURISM ATTRACTIONS Tourist A tourist attraction is a place, an area, a building or an event of interest that attraction tourists visit for its historical significance, cultural value, natural or human- made beauty or entertainment opportunities. Icon An icon in the tourism context is an attraction or feature that is world famous, has symbolic value and is closely associated with a particular destination. Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  5 Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  6 Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  7 Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  8 Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  9 Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  10 Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  11 Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  12 Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  13 Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  14 Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  15 Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  16 Factors contributing Excellent marketing of tourism products locally/or internionally to the success of a Sustainable and responsible management plans tourist attraction Efficiency and ethical behaviour of staff and management Positive experience of visitors Safety and crime prevention General appearance and upkeep of the attraction Considering the needs of people with disabilities Universal access Characteristics of a Actual number of visitors exceeds the target number of visitors successful tourist Repeat visits attraction Income generated exceeds target figures Positive impact on local community and environment Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  17 TOPIC: FOREIGN EXCHANGE GDP The value of all goods & services produced within a country in a year. The GDP is used to measure economic progress in a country Benefits of GDP Income generation growth to SA Employment / job creation economy Infrastructure improvement Skills development Multiplier effect The multiplier effect is when money, spent by tourists, filters down through the economy benefitting employees and other businesses Tourists spend money when traveling. This money goes into the local economy. This money is then spent by local businesses to purchase goods and pay employees. This re-spending of the money expands the local economy, creating the multiplier effect. The multiplier The value of expenditure is multiplied and has a positive economic effect and its link effect. to the GDP Money spent in a particular area helps to create jobs. The jobs, in turn, create demand for other products & services in the local economy. Money therefore filters through to all levels of the economy. The buying power The amount of foreign currency you can buy with your Rand is referred of the Rand to as the buying power of the rand. If the rand can buy a lot of the other currency, we say the rand is strong in relation to the other currency. If the rand can only buy a little of a particular currency, we say that the rand is weak in relation to that particular currency. If the Rand is The foreign tourists will receive less Rand’s for their currency strong Foreign tourists will have less money to spend Inbound tourists will visit for a shorter period or will not visit at all Tourism will contribute less to South Africa’s GDP and the economy will decline Can lead to job losses If the Rand is weak More inbound tourists will visit SA Foreign tourists get more Rand’s for their currency Foreign tourists have more money to spend during their visit Foreign tourists will visit for longer periods This will lead to an increase in the GDP and will have a positive impact on the economy It can lead to job creation Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  18 Bank Selling Rate The rate at which the foreign exchange dealers e.g. commercial banks, will sell foreign currency Bank Buying Rate The rate at which the foreign exchange dealers e.g. commercial banks, will buy foreign currency When doing a What is the Bank doing with the foreign currency? foreign exchange ▪ Is the bank selling foreign currency? (BSR) calculation always ▪ Is the bank buying foreign currency? (BBR) look at it from the Bank’s position Currency rate A currency rate sheet is a list of the rates of exchange (RoE) at which sheet foreign currencies are bought and sold. This rate will determine how much foreign currency you will receive, when you exchange your money. Convert a major currency to the MULTIPLY by the Rate of Exchange e.g. USD150 × 14,83 = R2 224,50 South African Rand (ZAR) Convert the South African Rand (ZAR) DIVIDE by the Rate of Exchange e.g. R15 000 ÷ 16,65 = € 900,90 to a major currency The effect of IF THE RAND IS STRONG exchange rates on Outbound tourists: international South African outbound tourists will be more likely to travel to tourism international destinations. Outbound travel will be more affordable. Inbound tourists: South Africa will be regarded as an expensive destination. International inbound tourists may consider travel to cheaper, more value for money destinations. IF THE RAND IS WEAK Outbound tourists: South African outbound tourists will find it expensive to travel to most international destinations. South Africans will choose destinations where they will receive the greatest value for their money. Inbound tourists: Many international inbound travellers will visit South Africa. South Africa will be regarded as a value for money destination. Fluctuations in Changes in the value of a currency in relation to another currency. exchange rates ▪ Currencies fluctuate based on supply and demand. ▪ Supply and demand are linked to various factors e.g. the country's monetary policy, the rate of inflation, political and economic conditions in the country. Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  19 TOPIC: DOMESTIC, REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL TOURISM Forms of payment Electronic fund transfers (EFT) when travelling Telegraphic transfers (SWIFT transfers) internationally Bank drafts Internet payments Foreign bank notes (cash) Credit cards (Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Diners Club) Preloaded foreign currency debit cards (Cash Passport card /Travel Wallet/International Travel Card) Foreign market The portion of the inbound tourism market that is controlled by a share specific country Land markets Land markets are countries where at least 60% of arrivals from the country arrive by land (Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe) Air markets Air markets are those countries where at least 60% of arrivals from the country arrive by air Tourism statistics Show tourism trends and indicate changes over a specific period of are used by South time. African Tourism to: Assist in the planning of future marketing strategies. Assist in the identification and targeting of new markets. Advise service providers on the needs of tourists. Revisit policies relating to tourism in South Africa. Measure demand against supply. Sustain and/or develop existing markets. Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  20 TOPIC: MARKETING The importance of Increase in annual volume of foreign arrivals to SA marketing South Increase in international awareness of South Africa as a travel Africa destination internationally The core business Marketing South Africa internationally as a tourism destination of of SA Tourism choice Maintaining and enhancing the standard of facilities and services for tourists Coordinating the marketing activities of role players in the industry Opportunities for ITB (Berlin) marketing SA World Travel Market (London) internationally Funding for SA TOMSA is a private sector initiative created to raise additional funds for Tourism’s marketing South Africa internationally. international Tourism businesses (e.g. accommodation, car rental, tour operators and marketing travel agents) collect a voluntary 1% levy from tourists initiatives The businesses pay the levies directly to TOMSA TOMSA as the collecting agency transfers the funds to Tourism Business Council of South Africa (TBCSA) TBCSA makes the funds available to SA Tourism SA Tourism uses the funds to market South Africa both domestically and internationally. Branding Helps create a positive, unified image of South Africa. A brand that is built on pride. A recognisable brand to promote South Africa on an international platform. It enables South Africa to function as a competitive destination in the global arena. A strong brand positions our country as an attractive destination partner for trade and investment. A recognisable global brand inspires positive thoughts and feelings about the country will convince people to travel to South Africa It showcases South Africa’s successes and motivates investor confidence. Opportunities to Tourism Indaba (Durban) promote SA and Getaway Show (Cape Town and Johannesburg) the southern African region to the world Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  21 TOPIC: SUSTAINABLE AND RESPONSIBLE TOURISM The three pillars of Environment (planet): sustainable Good environmental practices, such as resource management (energy tourism and water), waste management (reduce, re-use, recycle), litter control, pollution control, environmentally friendly building, promotion of indigenous flora and control of alien invasive plants in grounds and gardens Economy (profit): The role of business. The responsible attitude of a tourism business towards the people and environment it affects. Ways to practise it: ownership, employment, procurement of local goods and services Social (people): Considering the positive and negative effects of tourism on local communities, culture and heritage. Corporate social investment (CSI) in tourism, such as financial or nonfinancial support given by tourism companies to health/sport/education/youth projects Responsible Codes of conduct for tourist behaviour (social, economic and tourism and environmental): These are guidelines addressing responsible and tourists appropriate behaviour when visiting a destination. How can a tourism destination attract environmentally (people, planet, profit) conscious tourists? The contribution of Fair Trade Tourism (FTT) towards encouraging responsible and sustainable practices The principles of Fair share Fair Trade in All participants involved in a tourism activity should get their fair share Tourism of the income, in direct proportion to their contribution to the activity. Democracy All participants involved in a tourism activity should have the right and opportunity to participate in decisions that concern them. Respect Both host and visitor should have respect for human rights, culture and environment. Transparency Tourism businesses should establish mechanisms of accountability. Reliability The services delivered to tourists should be reliable and consistent. Basic safety and security for both host and visitor should be ensured. Sustainability The tourism businesses should strive to be sustainable. Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  22 TOPIC: CULTURE AND HERITAGE TOURISM World Heritage World Heritage Sites are places of outstanding universal value and have Sites been awarded international recognition by the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) The role of Constant monitoring to maintain and protect the status of the World UNESCO Heritage Sites Provide support in terms of management plans. Assistance with upgrading of facilities in the event of an unforeseen occurrence. Financial aid is provided in cases of unforeseen occurrences. Engage with relevant stakeholders when the World Heritage Sites are threatened. Education / create awareness Promote co-operation and development. Encourage people to nominate sites to be included in the World Heritage Site list. Support countries in building public awareness for the protection of World Heritage Sites. Encourage the local population to preserve their cultural and natural heritage. World Heritage NAME OF WHS PROVINCE TYPE Sites in South Cradle of Humankind (1999) Gauteng, Limpopo Cultural Africa and North West Mapungubwe Cultural Landscape Limpopo Cultural (2003) Robben Island (1999) Western Cape Cultural Richtersveld Cultural and Botanical Northern Cape Cultural Landscape (2007) Khomani Cultural Landscape (2017) Northern Cape Cultural Cape Floral Region Protected Areas Western Cape Natural (2004) iSimangaliso Wetland Park (1999) KwaZulu Natal Natural Vredefort Dome (2005) Free State and North Natural West Barberton Makhonjwa Mountains Mpumalanga Natural (2018) uKhahlamba-Drakensberg Park (2000) KwaZulu Natal Mixed The value of World The sites receive national and international recognition which will result Heritage Sites to in an increase in visitor numbers. South Africa An increase in tourist numbers will lead to the creation of job opportunities due to increased demand for services. Tourism will generate income due to a demand for products and services e.g. accommodation, transport, entry fees, food, drink, etc. Increased visitor numbers will set the multiplier effect into motion. Standards of living will be improved through money directly or indirectly earned by tourism. There will be a boost in the economic activity lending itself to increased GDP and benefiting all establishments in the area Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  23 LOCATION OF WORLD HERITAGE SITES ON A MAP OF SOUTH AFRICA TOPIC: COMMUNICATION AND CUSTOMER CARE The purpose of To identify areas of customer service that need improvement obtaining To adapt service to accommodate changing customer needs. customer feedback Positive feedback serves as staff motivation to deliver excellent service It can prevent the company from losing customers to competitors Methods to obtain Surveys customer feedback Questionnaires Feedback cards Follow up calls SMS messages on cell phones Web-based responses Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  24 Positive impact of Customer loyalty and repeat business excellent service Fewer customer complaints delivery Reduced marketing budget Increased sales Improved public image Edge over the competition More effective employees Motivated staff members TOPIC: TOURISM SECTORS Factors that Image of the company: contribute to a professional image in the tourism industry Image of the staff: Contract of A contract of employment is a signed agreement between an employer employment and an employee It sets out the conditions of employment particular to the employee and his specific position An employment contract should outline all the main terms and conditions of employment and signifies the mutual agreement by the employer and employee to these terms and conditions The contract of employment describes the basic conditions of employment such as: ▪ working hours ▪ uniform allowances ▪ travel benefits ▪ leave ▪ core duties ▪ fringe benefits ▪ remuneration and deductions ▪ termination of service ▪ professional accountability and responsibility ▪ service ethics Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12  25 Code of Conduct A code of conduct is a set of rules that provides guidance to all staff on what is acceptable behaviour. The code of conduct forms part of an organisation’s contract of employment and is applicable to all employees The purpose of a Spells out the conduct expected of staff in the performance of their code of conduct duties Provides guidance for employees faced with ethical challenges Outlines how to handle any conflict and what is expected if conflict of interests occurs Outlines the level of professionalism employees should adopt in keeping with the reputation and standards of the business Acts as a public statement providing the customers of a business with an understanding of the ethics of the company The value of a Creates a cooperative, collaborative atmosphere code of conduct Promotes integrity in the workplace. A code of conduct is useful as it sets out what is important to a business (its ethics and principles) and prescribes how staff should behave while at work. It helps to identify, and state clearly which behaviour is welcome, and which is not. A code of conduct or statement of business ethics not only guides staff but also supports a brand statement and projects the image a company would like to portray. Compiled by E Ferreira, SES: Services Subjects – Nelson Mandela Bay District Last Push 2024 TRSM Gr 12