Generations of Computer (1) (1).pdf

COMPUTER SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS A PRE-REQUISITE TO COMPUTER PROGRAMMING  MENTAL EXERCISE A B C SAMSUNG GALAXY S6 IPHONE 5C NOKIA LUMIA 1020 EDGE D E F IPHONE...

COMPUTER SYSTEM FUNDAMENTALS A PRE-REQUISITE TO COMPUTER PROGRAMMING  MENTAL EXERCISE A B C SAMSUNG GALAXY S6 IPHONE 5C NOKIA LUMIA 1020 EDGE D E F IPHONE 5 GOOGLE (HUAWEI) SAMSUNG NEXUS 6P GALAXY S  MENTAL EXERCISE F D E SAMSUNG IPHONE 5 GOOGLE (HUAWEI) GALAXY S NEXUS 6P B C A IPHONE 5C NOKIA LUMIA 1020 SAMSUNG GALAXY S6 EDGE  OBJECTIVES Review the different generations of computers Understand the interrelated functions of computer system components GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER  GENERATION OF COMPUTERS Each generation of The evolution of computer is designed computer to the current based on a new state is defined in terms technological of the generations of development, resulting in computer. better, cheaper and smaller computers have computers evolved from a large- sized simple calculating machine to a smaller but much more powerful machine  FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER 5TH GEN ULSI MICRO- PROCESSOR 4TH GEN VLSI MICRO- 3RD GEN PROCESSOR INTEGRATED 2ND GEN CIRCUIT TRANSISTOR BASED 1ST GEN VACUUM TUBE FIRST GENERATION (VACUUM TUBE) 1946-1959 HARDWARE: Vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory. INPUT: Punched cards and paper tapes OUTPUT: Displayed as printouts FIRST GENERATION (VACUUM TUBE) 1946-1959 SOFTWARE: Machine Language. 0s and 1s PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: very large in size APPLICATION: used for scientific applications solved problem one at a time FIRST GENERATION (VACUUM TUBE) 1946-1959 ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) INVENTOR: American physicist John Mauchly American engineer J. Presper Eckert, Jr. SIZE: 50-by-30-foot (15-by-9-metre) FIRST TASK: calculations for the construction of a hydrogen bomb FIRST GENERATION (VACUUM TUBE) 1946-1959 UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I) first general-purpose electronic digital computer design for business application produced in the United States. business and administrative use with fast execution of simple arithmetic and data transport operations.  FIRST GENERATION (VACUUM TUBE) ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Electronic digital computers Too large in size were developed for the first time Induce a large amount of heat Computations were performed in millisecond Limited commercial use The fastest calculating devices of their time. SECOND GENERATION (TRANSISTORS) 1959-1965 HARDWARE: magnetic core - primary memory magnetic tapes and magnetic disks - for secondary storage INPUT: Punched cards and paper tapes OUTPUT: Displayed as printouts SECOND GENERATION (TRANSISTORS) 1959-1965 SOFTWARE: Assembly language which uses mnemonics PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: smaller in size compared to vacuum tubes APPLICATION: used for commercial use SECOND GENERATION (TRANSISTORS) 1959-1965 featured circuit boards filled with individual transistors and magnetic core memory. designed to replace the conventional punch card machines system to desk sized system.  SECOND GENERATION (TRANSISTORS) ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Less heat generated Very costly for commercial use Smaller in size as compares Still required frequent to 1st generation maintenance Much more reliable Frequent cooling also required Less hardware and maintenance problem THIRD GENERATION (INTEGRATED CIRCUIT) 1965-1971 HARDWARE: multiple transistors are placed on a silicon chip INPUT: used keyboard OUTPUT: used monitor THIRD GENERATION (INTEGRATED CIRCUITS) 1965-1971 SOFTWARE: High-level languages were used extensively for programming PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: quite small compared to the second generation computers APPLICATION: Operating system allowed different applications to run at the same time THIRD GENERATION (INTEGRATED CIRCUITS) 1965-1971  THIRD GENERATION (INTEGRATED CIRCUITS) ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Less electricity consumption Air conditioning was required in many cases due to ICs Heat generation was rare Very advance technology was required to make the ICs Portable General purpose computer FOURTH GENERATION (VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION) 1971 - 1980 HARDWARE: Used microprocessor containing millions of transistors and components INPUT: saw the development of pointing devices like mouse, and handheld devices OUTPUT: used monitor FOURTH GENERATION (VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION) 1971 - 1980 SOFTWARE: supported Graphical User Interface PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: Some can fit into the palm of the hand; Personal Computer APPLICATION: Available for commercial purposes Personal computers available to home user FOURTH GENERATION (VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION) 1971 - 1980  FOURTH GENERATION (VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION) ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Cheapest among all Very advanced technology was generations required to fabricate to the ICs Much faster computation latest technology is required for manufacturing of All types of High level Microprocessors languages can be used in this type of computers Smaller in size and much reliable FIFTH GENERATION (ULTRA LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION) 1980 - PRESENT HARDWARE: chips that are able to store millions of components on a single chip. INPUT: speech recognition voice recognition FIFTH GENERATION (ULTRA LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION) 1980 - PRESENT SOFTWARE: available SSD storage that is faster as compared to HDD APPLICATION: simulate the human way of thinking and reasoning (AI) FIFTH GENERATION (ULTRA LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION) 1980 - PRESENT using parallel processing for commercial use SAMPLE OF THE USE OF PARALLEL PROCESSING https://builtin.com/hardware/parallel -processing-example  FIFTH GENERATION (ULTRA LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION) ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES Game Playing Fear of Unemployment understand human language Taking over the world can be handled easily easy to take from one place to another and to repair them.  OBJECTIVES Review the different generations of computers Understand the interrelated functions of computer system components What specific UN's SDG can we achieve with the current computer technology we have? Explain your answer. QUESTIONS? THANK YOU