G6PD Deficiency: Overview, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment PDF

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase Done by: Areen Rawashdeh Haya Albaddawi Sana Al-Rahwanji Jory yousef. Zainah Ahmed. Sadeen mohammad What is G6PD deficiency? G6PD  Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase. G6PD helps protect red blood cells from damage and premature dam...

Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase Done by: Areen Rawashdeh Haya Albaddawi Sana Al-Rahwanji Jory yousef. Zainah Ahmed. Sadeen mohammad What is G6PD deficiency? G6PD  Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase. G6PD helps protect red blood cells from damage and premature damage. G6PD is a rate limiting enzyme of the pentose phosphate pathway, generating reduced NADP (NADPH), which is essential in protecting RBC’s from oxidative stress. NADPH reduces oxidative stress of RBC’s. When G6PD activity is sufficiently depleted or deficient, insufficient NADPH is available to regenerate reduced glutathione during times of What causes G6PD Deficiency? G6PD deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder. Males usually manifest the abnormality and females are carriers. Females may be symptomatic if they are homozygous or if inactivation of their normal X chromosome occurs.  Epidemiology G6PD deficiency is the most common enzyme deficiency in humans, affecting about 400 million people worldwide A high prevalence in persons of African, Asian, and Mediterranean descent. G6PD deficiency confers partial protection against malaria, and  What are the symptoms of G6PD deficiency? Most people with G6PD deficiency live without symptoms. If the patient is exposed to a trigger, development of hemolytic anemia is expected, and the following signs and symptoms can be detected: Dark colored urine Yellow skin, eyes or tongue Pale skin Fast heart rate and breathlessness Low back pain Fever Newborn babies with G6PD deficiency may have jaundice, if they experience symptoms Oral manifestation Most of the symptoms are non-specific. Pale discoloration of the oral mucosa. Increased susceptibility to infections. Bleeding spontaneously or on slightest provocation. How is G6PD deficiency diagnosed? G6PD is diagnosed with a blood test if there is any symptoms (blood tests can also rule out other causes of your symptoms). If one child in the family is diagnosed with G6PD deficiency, it’s a good idea to have other children tested. How is G6PD deficiency treated? Most people do not need any treatment — they can manage their condition by avoiding the triggers (fava beans). If the patient develops anaemia, it will need to be treated. This sometimes involves a blood transfusion. Babies with jaundice are usually treated with phototherapy (light therapy). This involves being placed under special lights. Dental management for G6PD patient Pre-operative assessment: Gathering a thorough medical history is essential to uncover any G6PD deficiency, as it impacts medication choices and treatment plans. For tough dental procedures, consulting the patient’s doctor is advisable. Stress reduction: Some dental procedures can be stressful which can sometimes trigger hemolytic episodes. Therefore employing techniques that reduce anxiety and stress are recommended. Medical awareness: Some local anesthetics or analgesic can trigger hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients. Therefore avoiding high risk medication like anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, aspirin, …) and using low risk medication is needed. References Thomson & Thompson – genetics in medicine (8th edition) https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/g6pd-glucose6phosphate-dehydrogenase- deficiency#:~:text=G6PD%20deficiency%20is%20an%20inherited,faster%20than%20they%20are%20made https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/g6pd.html#:~:text=How%20Is%20G6PD%20Deficiency%20Diagnosed,out%20other%20ca uses%20of%20anemia https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/malaria/mpac-documentation/mpag-mar2022-session2-technical- consultation-g6pd-classification.pdf?sfvrsn=1f36be5e_12 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321129391_Protocol_for_Dental_Management_in_a_Patient_with_Glucose- _6-Phosphate_Dehydrogenase_Deficiency#:~:text=...,by%20oxidative%20stress%20%5B11%5D%20 https://royalimplant.com/g6pd-deficiency/ Antwi-Baffour S, Adjei JK, Forson PO, Akakpo S, Kyeremeh R, Seidu MA. Comorbidity of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Sickle Cell Disease Exert Significant Effect on RBC Indices. Anemia. 2019;2019:3179173. [PMC free article] [PubMed] Bubp J, Jen M, Matuszewski K. Caring for Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD)-Deficient Patients: Implications for Pharmacy. P T. 2015;40(9):572-574. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4571844/ https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcmd.2008.12.005 https://youtu.be/GgP3bl5UEPA?si=kBLMvzGakMbVgiWr