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Questions and Answers
What is the primary cause of G6PD deficiency?
What is the primary cause of G6PD deficiency?
- Bacterial infection
- Inherited mutation (correct)
- Viral infection
- Environmental factors
What is the result of G6PD deficiency in red blood cells?
What is the result of G6PD deficiency in red blood cells?
- Faster production of red blood cells
- Faster breakdown of red blood cells (correct)
- No effect on red blood cells
- Slower production of red blood cells
How is G6PD deficiency typically diagnosed?
How is G6PD deficiency typically diagnosed?
- Medical history
- Blood test (correct)
- Genetic test
- Physical examination
What is the effect of oxidative stress on G6PD-deficient individuals?
What is the effect of oxidative stress on G6PD-deficient individuals?
Why is G6PD deficiency important in dental management?
Why is G6PD deficiency important in dental management?
What is the effect of G6PD deficiency on red blood cell indices?
What is the effect of G6PD deficiency on red blood cell indices?
What is the implication of G6PD deficiency for pharmacy practice?
What is the implication of G6PD deficiency for pharmacy practice?
What is the relationship between G6PD deficiency and sickle cell disease?
What is the relationship between G6PD deficiency and sickle cell disease?
What is the classification of G6PD deficiency by the World Health Organization?
What is the classification of G6PD deficiency by the World Health Organization?
What is the primary symptom of G6PD deficiency?
What is the primary symptom of G6PD deficiency?
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Study Notes
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency
- G6PD is an enzyme that helps protect red blood cells from damage and premature destruction.
- It generates reduced NADP (NADPH), which is essential in protecting RBCs from oxidative stress.
Causes of G6PD Deficiency
- G6PD deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder, affecting males more frequently than females.
- Females can be carriers and may be symptomatic if they are homozygous or if inactivation of their normal X chromosome occurs.
- It is the most common enzyme deficiency in humans, affecting approximately 400 million people worldwide, with a high prevalence in persons of African, Asian, and Mediterranean descent.
Symptoms of G6PD Deficiency
- Most people with G6PD deficiency do not exhibit symptoms unless triggered by certain factors.
- Symptoms may include:
- Dark-colored urine
- Yellow skin, eyes, or tongue
- Pale skin
- Fast heart rate and breathlessness
- Low back pain
- Fever
- Newborn babies with G6PD deficiency may have jaundice.
- Oral manifestations include:
- Pale discoloration of the oral mucosa
- Increased susceptibility to infections
- Bleeding spontaneously or on slightest provocation
Diagnosis and Treatment of G6PD Deficiency
- Diagnosis is made through a blood test, which can also rule out other causes of symptoms.
- Family members of a diagnosed individual should be tested.
- Most people do not require treatment and can manage their condition by avoiding triggers such as fava beans.
- If anaemia develops, it may need to be treated with a blood transfusion.
- Babies with jaundice are usually treated with phototherapy (light therapy).
Dental Management for G6PD Patients
- Pre-operative assessment is essential to uncover any G6PD deficiency, which impacts medication choices and treatment plans.
- Stress reduction techniques are recommended to minimize anxiety and stress.
- Medical awareness is necessary to avoid high-risk medications that can trigger hemolysis in G6PD-deficient patients.
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