Child Health Nursing Clinical PDF

CHILD HEALTH NURSING CLINICAL Dr.Yaqeen AL Sarayreh presented by: Dema Mustafa sara Almasaafeeh Outlines: Introduction to G6PD Deficiency Pathophysiology of G6PD Deficiency Risk Factors for G6PD Deficiency Clinical Manifestations of G6PD Deficiency Diag...

CHILD HEALTH NURSING CLINICAL Dr.Yaqeen AL Sarayreh presented by: Dema Mustafa sara Almasaafeeh Outlines: Introduction to G6PD Deficiency Pathophysiology of G6PD Deficiency Risk Factors for G6PD Deficiency Clinical Manifestations of G6PD Deficiency Diagnostic Methods for G6PD Deficiency Management and Treatment of G6PD Deficiency Preventive Measures Complications Associated with G6PD Deficiency Objectives: Understand the Role of G6PD in Red Blood Cells Identify Genetic and Risk Factors Recognize Symptoms and Clinical Signs Apply Diagnostic Criteria and Tests Implement Appropriate Management Strategies Promote Preventive Measures Acknowledge Potential Complications Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (favism or G6PD deficiency)  INTRODUCTION What is G6PD deficiency? G6PD is a protein found in red cells in the blood. Red cells carry oxygen and each one lives for about three months before being destroyed. During their life, red cells are exposed to many different damaging substances, which can cause them to be destroyed. G6PD RBC oxidative agent G6PD oxidative agent  How Does G6PD Deficiency Affect Red Blood Cells? G6PD helps protect red blood cells from damage caused by certain substances. This enzyme prevents red blood cells from being destroyed prematurely. In G6PD deficiency: Red blood cells have a lower amount of G6PD protein. Exposure to specific chemicals (like certain foods and medications) can cause red blood cells to break down too quickly. This early destruction of red blood cells leads to anemia and other health issues.  How Does G6PD Play a Role in Energy and Cell Protection? Energy production: G6PD helps in metabolism, as it contributes to the conversion of glucose into energy, which supports the functions of cells in general.. Cell protection: G6PD produces antioxidant transporters, such as NAD, that protect red blood cells from damage caused by free radicals and oxidation.  How do you get G6PD deficiency? -G6PD deficiency is inherited, which means that you are born with the condition and it will stay with you all through your life. It is linked to the X chromosome, which means that it is much more common in males than females, although females can be affected. If you have G6PD deficiency, it is possible that you will pass it on to any children of your own, and there are often other family members who have this condition.  WHAT ARE THE RISK FACTORS FOR G6PD DEFICIENCY? Male Middle Eastern descent Family history of the condition African-American  Do many people have it? More than 200 mutations are identified and recognized as a cause of G6PD deficiency. This condition affects over 400 million people worldwide. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimation, 7.5% of the world population are carriers of G6PD deficiency2.9% of the global population are G6PD deficient.  What are the symptoms of G6PD deficiency? Most patients with G6PD deficiency are asymptomatic. Neonatal jaundice may be seen in newborns Paleness (in darker-skinned kids, paleness is sometimes best seen in the mouth, especially on the lips or tongue) Extreme tiredness or dizziness Fast heartbeat Fast breathing or shortness of breath Jaundice (the skin and eyes look yellow) An enlarged spleen Black or red urine  What Factors Increase the Risk of G6PD Deficiency Effects? Nutrition: A lack of certain nutrients, such as folic acid or vitamin B12, may affect the health of red blood cells and increase the risk of haemolysis. Environmental factors: Certain environmental factors such as exposure to certain chemicals or certain medications can lead to deterioration of GP6D function. For example, some antibiotics or drugs used to treat malaria can cause negative reactions  What tests may my provider use to diagnose G6PD deficiency? Complete blood count (CBC): Reticulocyte count: This blood test measures your young blood cells to see if your bone marrow is producing enough red blood cells. Serum aminotransferases: This test checks on an enzyme in your liver. Peripheral blood smear: This blood test involves checking for changes in the number, type, shape and size of blood cells. Bilirubin levels Heel prick test  What is the treatment for G6PD deficiency? Treating G6PD deficiency symptoms is usually as simple as removing the trigger. Often, this means treating the infection or stopping the use of a drug. A child with severe anemia may need treatment in the hospital to get oxygen and fluids. Sometimes, a child also needs a transfusion of healthy blood cells.  What is the treatment for G6PD deficiency?. Antioxidants such as vitamin E and selenium have no proven benefit for the treatment of G6PD deficiency. Research is being done to identify medications that may inhibit oxidative- induced hemolysis of G6PD-deficient red blood cells. plicat  Can G6PD deficiency be prevented? G6PD deficiency can’t be prevented. It is a genetic condition that youare born with. Episodes of acute haemolytic anaemia can be prevented by avoiding triggers.  Which foods should a child with G6PD deficiency avoid? Fava beans Blueberries Soya products  Complications associated with G6PD deficiency Hyperbilirubinaemia: Kernicterus may lead to severe brain damage and death Haemolytic anaemia may lead to kidney impairment and also brain damage. Increased Susceptibility to Infections: Infants with G6PD deficiency may have compromised immune function, making them more susceptible to infections. SUMMERY: We recognised the concept of GP6D and the other term of it, and we learned about the pathophysiology of the disease, its symptoms, its severity, how to deal with the disease, and the procedures that apply Reference: Wong's Essentials of Pediatric Nursing Pillitteri, A. (2018). Maternal & Child Health Nursing: Care of the Childbearing & Childrearing Family. (8th ed.). Lippincott, Williams, & Wilkins. Hockenberry, M. J., & Wilson, D. (2018). Wong's nursing care of infants and children. (11th ed.), Elsevier Health Sciences https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eTya2b7CdlQ https://youtu.be/L0V70Ilq_RY?si=7EibDNvw3Hcv4iqH THANK YOU