G12-CPAR-REVIEWER-FIRST-QUARTER-1.pdf

○ “Linglingo” CONTEMPORARY “Serves the act of creation” PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM “Issues the thought of manifestation” THE REGIONS...

○ “Linglingo” CONTEMPORARY “Serves the act of creation” PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM “Issues the thought of manifestation” THE REGIONS “Conjures the power to bring forth” FIRST QUARTER REVIEWER Baybayin Team President, Academics Committee ○ “Baybay” - to spell ○ Writing system ○ When the Spaniards arrived in the Philippine LESSON 1: HISTORY OF archipelago, they observed that most of the PHILIPPINE ART natives, not just the elite, could read and write using Baybayin. How do we learn about art? ○ Not only used to record but also to write poetry, incantations, and letters. 1.History 2.Aesthetics 13th Century 3.Criticism Islamic Art 4.Production ○ Conveys spiritual, cultural, and intellectual heritage of Islam Pre-Colonial Period ○ Characterized by its emphasis on These art forms reflect aspects of everyday life, non-figurative decoration, harmonious design, cultural traditions, and practices. and the use of art as a means to express ○ Pottery, weaving, woodcarving, metalwork, beauty and divine order. and jewelry making Okir 3000 BC ○ Okkil or ukkil Angono Petroglyphs ○ Crafted by Maranao & Tausug ○ The rock carvings were discovered in 1965 ○ Features intricate geometric and organic and were declared a national cultural patterns carved on wood treasure by the Philippine government in ○ symbolizes nature and spirituality 1973. ○ Torogan, a traditional house built by Maranao people of Mindanao 890-500 BC ○ Panalong, extended house beam of the Manunggul Jar (Palawan) Torogan ○ Was used about 2700 years ago to protect the remains of the dead Sheikh Karimul Makdhum Mosque ○ The most impressive work of ancient ○ Constructed by an Arabian Missionary in 1380 pottery in the Philippines A.D. ○ Discovered in the Manunggul Cave, Lipuun ○ Features one or more domes called qubba in Point, Palawan Arabic Linglingo (Ifugao, Bontoc, Kalinga, and Other Influences by Trade Gaddang) The Philippines had active trade relations with ○ An ancient Philippine symbol for fertility and neighboring countries during the Pre-colonial virility period.  Laguna Copperplate Inscription Sculptures (made of Ivory) ○ Baybayin script shows similarities to the Kawi St. Anthony of Padua script of Java, Indonesia. Baptism of Christ Immaculate Conception Golden Tara of Agusan ○ A version of the Immaculate Conception ○ Suggests possible Indian-Buddhist influences bearing Chinese influences in craftsmanship in the Philippines. as seen in the form of the eyes. ○ She is adorned with a gold aureole of twelve Chinese Goods stars and a closed gold crown with rays ○ pottery, porcelain, coins, bronze items, and emanating from the sidebands paper ○ Chinese architecture, cuisine, and festivities. Artists Damian Domingo y Gabor ○ Chinese - Filipino Spanish Colonial Period ○ Born February 12, 1796 - Died July 27, 1834 ○ Father of Philippine Painting Introduced Christianity and European Art seen in ○ First painter to specialize in secular Catholic Churches, religious icons, and (non-religious) painting. altarpieces ○ Had a photographic memory ○ Well-known for creating miniature portraits of Catholic Churches the Manila Society San Agustin Church ○ Established an art academy in Tondo in 1821, ○ Intramuros Academia de Dibujo y Pintura in 1823. ○ Baroque Style ○ Tipol del Pais (Types of Country) ○ 1607 UNESCO World Heritage Site Small watercolor illustrations showing Our Lady of Assumption Church Filipinos in their different traditional ○ Sta. Maria, Ilocos Sur clothing. ○ Baroque Style ○ 1765 UNESCO World Heritage Site Juan Luna and Félix Resurrección Hidalgo Santo Tomas de Villanueva ○ The first Filipino painters to gain ○ Miag-ao, Iloilo international recognition when they won the ○ Baroque Style top prizes at the National Exposition of Fine ○ 1755 UNESCO World Heritage Site Arts in Madrid in 1884. ○ Juan Luna (First Place) in 1857- 1899 Altarpieces Spoliarium (1884) Retablo Oil on canvas ○ A votive offering made in the form of a ○ Felix Resurreccion (Second Place) in religious picture 1855-1913 ○ Typically portrays Christian saints Las Virgenes Cristianas Expuestas al ○ painted on a panel, and hung in a church or (1884) chapel, especially in Spain and Mexico Oil on canvas Nuestra Señora de Candelaria Church American Colonial Period ○ Silang Cavite ○ Circa 1671 Marked the advent of Modernism and the ○ Wood, gesso, paint establishment of art schools in the Philippines  ○ Featured diverse acts like music, comedy, Paintings and dance, entertaining audiences in Fabian Cueto de la Rosa theaters. ○ 1892-1972 ○ Followed the Classical Realism movement, Canuto Francia focusing on realistic depictions of everyday ○ Also known as Canuplin life and landscapes ○ Charlie Chaplin of the Philippines emphasizing light, color, and detail to capture the beauty and essence of Filipino Zarzuela culture and scenery ○ Also referred to as sarswela ○ Planting Rice, 1921 ○ Form of Spanish or Spanish-derived musical Oil on canvas theater in which the dramatic action is ○ El Kundiman, 1932 carried through an alternating combination Oil on canvas of song and speech. ○ Dalagang Bukid (1919) Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto First Filipino Film ○ 1869-1937 Based on zarzuela written by Hermogenes ○ Same with Fabian Cueto, he focused on Ilagan Classical Realism Directed by Jose Nepomuceno, the ○ Palay Maiden, 1920 Father of Philippine Movies Oil on canvas Starring Atang dela Rama ○ Mango Pickers, 1936 Oil on canvas Lipang Kalabaw ○ Is a satirical-political entertainment weekly Structures Tagalog magazine Normal School ○ Owned and edited by Lope K. Santos ○ On Taft Avenue ○ Tackled the relevant issues of politics, society, ○ was the first American teacher’s college in and culture of the day. the Philippines. Mga Kabalbalan ni Kenkoy Neoclassical Columns ○ Created by Tony Velasquez ○ Graced the first University of the Philippines ○ first serialized Filipino cartoon strip buildings in Ermita. ○ It first appeared on 11 January 1929 in Liwayway Magazine. Sculptures Modernism Sculptures by Guillermo Tolentino ○ Oblation (1935) A break with the past and the concurrent search University of the Philippines, Diliman for new forms of expression. ○ Bonifacio Monument / Monumento (1933) Fostered a period of experimentation in the arts Caloocan City from the late 19th to the mid-20th century. Entertainment Modern Art Vaudeville The history of Modern Philippine art is marked ○ Also referred to as bodabil by the conflict between the rules and views of the Academy and the innovative methods of the Modern artists in the late 1920s.  ○ Followed the rules of the Spanish, Italian, and Posthumously conferred the title National Artist in French Academies. Visual Arts in 1973. ○ Revolution The Triumvirate of Philippine Modern Art One of the panels in the mural Filipino 1. Victorio Edades (1895–1985) Struggles Throughout History Father of Modern Philippine Painting Oil on canvas Named National Artist for Painting in 1976 National Museum of Fine Arts He created distorted human figures in rough, bold impasto strokes and standing tall and Japanese Occupation (1941-1945) singular. Philippine art was marked by censorship and The hues of his masterpieces were dark, the propaganda, emphasizing traditional Asian opposite of the cheerful hues of Amorsolo. aesthetics, patriotic themes, and the struggles Taught at the University of Santo Tomas and was of Filipino life under Japanese occupation. eventually named dean of its Department of ○ Bombing of Intendencia (1942) Architecture. Fernando Amorsolo ○ The Sketch, 1928 Oil on canvas Oil on canvas ○ The Fighting Filipinos (1943) 96.5 x 17 cm Manuel Rey Isip National Museum of the Philippines Print on paper, 41 x 27 inches ○ Impasto A poster printed to commemorate the first A painting technique with thick layers and year of the fall of Bataan bold strokes creating texture through a brush or a palette knife. 2. Galo Ocampo (1913–1985) Known for rejecting academic tradition and embracing Western modernism. Graduated from the School of Fine Arts at the University of the Philippines. His paintings showcase the influence of Cubism, Surrealism, and Expressionism on his works often blends Christian themes with references to Filipino indigeneity and subjects. ○ Brown Madonna, 1938 Oil on canvas 62 x 47 centimetres University of Santo Tomas Museum 3. Carlos Francisco (1912–1969) Popularly known as “Botong” Muralist from Angono, Rizal Best known for his historical pieces and mural painting  Postwar Republic (1946–1969) ○ Conservatives walked out and exhibited Characterized by a combination of rebuilding their artworks along Mabini Street in Malate. and reasserting national identity. ○ This gave birth to Mabini Art. Mabini Art creations are sold to generate Philippine Art Gallery (PAG) income; artworks are quickly made, many ○ 1951 in numbers, with cheap tag prices. ○ Founder: Lydia Villanueva-Arguilla ○ First opened on Azcarraga Street (now Recto Tinikling, 1956 Avenue), Manila ○ Mario Casanas ○ One of the first galleries in the country that was dedicated to displaying, collecting, Woman in a Banca, 1966 and promoting Filipino modern art. ○ Oscar Navarro Sunday Morning (1957) 1970s to Contemporary Mother and Child, 1965 Philippine art is dynamic, diverse, and ○ Vicente Manansala politically engaged ○ Oil on canvas Blends tradition and modernity Embraces multimedia and technology, Ritual, 1951 globalization, and social issues. ○ Cesar Legaspi encompass a range of styles and approaches ○ Oil on canvas reflecting the country's dynamic cultural, social, and political landscape. Neo-realism An artistic movement that emerged in the 1950s The Best of Manila Sound, 1989 and 1960s after World War II. ○ 14 tracks ○ Mother and Child (1965) ○ Artists: ○ Ritual (1951) Hotdog Cinderella Thirteen (13) Moderns Apo Hiking Society 1. Arsenio Capili 8. Galo Ocampo Rico J. Puno 2. Anita Magsaysay-Ho 9. Hernando Ocampo Ella Del Rosario 3. Bonifacio Cristobal 10. Jose Pardo Blue Jeans 4. Carlos Francisco 11. Ricarte Puruganan Cherie Gil 5. Cesar Legaspi 12. Vicente Manansala Chona Cruz 6. Demetrio Diego 13. Victorio Edades 7. Diosdado Lorenzo Maynila sa Kuko ng Liwanag, 1975 ○ Lino Brocka Established in the late 1930s. ○ Film, Mystery/Drama Introduced modernist techniques and themes, emphasizing innovation and individuality in Sabbath of the Witches, 1970 their works. ○ Jaime De Guzman ○ Oil on Canvas Pinoy Worker Abroad, 1970 The Great Walkout of 1955 ○ Benedicto Cabrera ○ Allowed modernism to rise unopposed in ○ Etching the Art Association of the Philippines.  Itak sa Puso ni Mang Jua, 1978 can be moved and are ○ Antipas “Biboy” Delotavao made of solid material ○ Watercolor on Paper 3. Film storytelling medium that weaves a narrative through moving Miners, 1979 pictures, sound, and editing. ○ Cesar Legaspi ○ Oil on Wood Performing Arts Arts that come alive with performance Brick Fort, 1983 With practice & rehearsals ○ Jose Joya ○ Oil on Wood Performing Arts Krista (Female Christ), 1984 ○ Pablo Baen Santos 1. Music the art of creating and arranging ○ Oil on canvas sounds and silences in a given time to make an aesthetic experience LESSON 2A: CONTEMPORARY ART 2. Dance uses one’s body to form shapes, FORMS & CHARACTERISTICS OF express emotions, and tell stories CONTEMPORARY ART through movements 3. Theatre the art of telling stories through Contemporary Art Forms live performance, with actors, dialogue, costumes, sets, props, and lights and sounds. 1.Visual Arts 2.Performing Arts Literary Arts 3.Literary Arts 4.Applied Arts Arts that uses written words as medium Literary Arts Visual Art Arts that are primarily experienced through sight. 1. Novel long fictional narratives that tell complex stories through character development and plot Visual Art 2. Short shorter works of fiction with 1. Painting applying pigments on a flat Stories concise character development surface to create images using and plot. different techniques, but primarily using a brush 3. Poetry the art of expressing feelings and ideas through symbolism, 2. Sculptures three-dimensional works usually distinctive style, and rhythm. done by carving, molding, or assembling. It can be a relief or free-standing. Applied Arts a. Relief sculpture Arts that combine artistic principles with meant to be seen from only one side functionality can be low relief or high relief Applied Arts not free to move and are made of a softer material 1. Architecture the art and science of designing b. Free-standing sculpture building structures that are both meant to be seen from all aesthetically pleasing and sides functional. 2. Fashion the art of designing clothing 5.Integrative and accessories expressing individual and cultural style, Site-specific identity, and social trends Allows for an artwork’s meaning to have a direct relationship to a specific location where it is seen Emergent Art Forms or experienced. 1.Conceptual Art ○ Beached “Whale” Art on The Shores of Naic, 2.Installation Art Cavite 3.Mixed-media By Greenpeace and advertising agency 4.Performance Art Dentsu Jayme Syfu Installation art depicting a dead whale with Emergent Art Forms a mouth full of plastic waste. 1. Conceptual Idea over form. Highlighting the need to address the plastic Art ○ emphasizes the idea and pollution problem in the Philippines process more than the final output of the artwork. Conceptual artists use their Collaborative artwork to question the notion Is not limited to fellow artists but can include the of art. whole community from a specific area Roberto Chabet was a renowned conceptual artist ○ KARNABAL whose role played a By Salingpusa Art Group in 1992 fundamental role in the 16 artists development of Philippine Pinto Art Museum contemporary art. An eight-panel mural depicting social 2. Installation Installation is an art practice malaise incorporating an ensemble of objects and mediums in space. Process-based Both objects and space are the Focuses on the actual experience and process of central components of creation itself rather than the final product or installation art. outcome 3. Mixed-media refers to artworks that combine ○ THE DANCE SEEMED TO BE GOING ON art different media or materials. Example: THE RIGHT DOWN DEEP ON ITS OWN ○ Assemblage FLESH is an artwork that is By Jigger Cruz produced by putting together everyday objects into one composition Interactive Type of art that involves the viewer in the creative 4. Performance is a live, ephemeral art form Art where the artist’s body, actions, process. and interactions with the Attempts to challenge the traditional boundary audience become the art itself between artist and “audience”. ○ Art in Island Characteristics of Contemporary Art Cubao, Quezon City 1.Site-specific 2.Collaborative 3.Process-based 4.Interactive Integrative Commercial Art Artwork that fully combines two or more Commercial art may be defined as any disciplines of art to produce a work for a specific reproduction that is marketed, promoted, or sold audience and incorporates a financial transaction. ○ Mactan, Cebu International Airport LESSON 2B: CLASSIFICATION OF ART IN THE PHILIPPINES Philippines Art in Context Philippine art manifests the following Filipino core values: Maka-Diyos, Makatao, Makakalikasan, at Makabansa. Western Philippines Individualistic Communal Logical and analytic Intuitive and holistic Self-assessing and Interdependent and More Context private relational Like contemporary art, these classifications are Part of everyday life Highly specialistic fluid and ever changing. One cannot box a particular artwork into one category. You java Fine Art to know the context, especially the intention of are creative art, especially visual art, whose the art itself. Mass-produced art forms can products are to be appreciated primarily or sometimes achieve highly acclaimed value solely for imaginative, aesthetic, or intellectual based on quality. content. Film, as an industry, is a popular form of Visual art whose products are to be appreciated mass-media. Most films are created to make a primarily or solely for their imaginative, profit. In the Philippines, movies are produced aesthetic, or intellectual content starring the most popular stars to attract ○ Las Damas Romanas by Juan Luna movie-goers and achieve box-office success. However, most independent films are made to Folk Art showcase the skills and visual genius of the Folk art can be defined as a classic decorative, filmmaker, like most of Lav Diaz films, who got musical, or practical art of different cultures or recognized internationally for his quality films. regions. It is usually unique to the people of a Fine art was of a higher value compared to specific location and used as an expression of commercial art because Fine artworks are kept society. in “sacred” art spaces like museums, galleries, Can be defined as a classic, decorative, musical, and theaters. or practical art of different cultures or regions. Hence, Komiks, a reproducible and Unique to the people of a specific location and mass-produced art, is considered commercial used as an expression of society and less valuable than paintings. At the time, ○ Taka made in Paete Laguna komiks were not considered “fine” art. The Order of the National Arts recognized two komik artists, Francisco Coching and  Larry Alcala, making the art institution as Fine art for its meticulous quality and acknowledge komiks as an art form that avant-garde style. In contrast, Casual Fashion showcases skill and industry. is considered Commercial Art because it is a Similarly, the Mabini Art Movement in the mass-produced and trendy style. Philippines is also considered commercial art. Mabini Art is cheap and affordable, with LESSON 3: ELEMENTS AND paintings of landscapes, portraits, and PRINCIPLES OF ART everyday life made by artists without formal training. They are displayed and sold in the Elements of Art Mabini tourist belt. Folk art is community art and traditions. Building blocks used to create art which are Recently, they have been commercialized used to convey meaning, express ideas, & and industrialized as tourist art and cultural feelings. products to keep their practice alive. Buscalan Village in Kalinaga has become a Line famous travel destination in the Cordillera point moving through space; intersections of 2 region because of the world-renowned “Last dots Mambabatok,” Whang Od. Tourists (foreign It can move in different directions and adjusts to and local) travel to Buscalan to be tattooed a point of reference through various positions traditionally by the people in the village. and actions. The Ayala Foundation partnered with the Can be described in many ways: Iraya Mangyans in Mindoro and created ○ Active-passive economic opportunities to sell their crafts, ○ Flowing-light especially basket-weaving traditions. Through ○ Thick-thin this, they empowered the Iraya Mangyans ○ Broken-continuous while respecting their cultural heritage. ○ Precise-irregular Sculpting religious images has been a folk ○ Bold-delicate tradition in the Philippines. Dukit, the ○ Straight-curved Kapangpangan work for carving, is a folk craft ○ Long-short in Betis, Pampanga. However, ecclesiastical ○ Geometric-organic sculptor Wilfredo Layug has achieved a fine ○ Vertical-horizontal artist status because of his hyper-realistic religious wood carvings. Types of Lines Religious sculptures are also commercial art. 1. Vertical Lines: straight up and down and Oroquieta Street in Sta. Cruz Manila has perpendicular to horizontal lines several stores that sell religious sculptures 2. Horizontal Lines: straight left and right (Santo Nino, Crucifix, and Images of Mary) in and perpendicular to vertical lines bulk and many similar styles and forms. 3. Diagonal lines: are lines that straight in In his exhibition. ‘Canned Thoughts’ Carlo any direction except vertical or horizontal Tanesco reinterprets 17 familiar commercial 4. Zigzag lines: a series of diagonal lines canned goods, and staples in Filipino kitchens, joined end to end and transforms their brand names and logos 5. Curved lines: are lines that bend in any into vibrant paintings that exude hope, joy, and amount of degree abundance. 6. Wavy lines: may be gently wavy to tightly In the Fashion Industry, there is Couture and wound spirals Casual Fashion. Couture can be categorized  ○ Implied Texture An artwork can be made to look like a textured surface Space Used to depict depth or distance in a work. Three dimensions of space ○ Height ○ Width ○ Depth Can give the illusion of objects in an artwork being close or far away. Shape ○ Positive space When a line intersects itself or another line, it the filled space creates a shape. the object/s in the design An external boundary, outline, or external ○ Negative space surface, as opposed to other properties such as is the empty space color, texture, or material. the open space between the objects, such Enclosed area created through lines and other as a background elements of the composition. ○ Organic shapes Color Are free-formed and curved, like people, are associated with our experiences of cold animals, trees, and other natural elements and warmth and exist between the quality of ○ Geometric shapes light and dark in our tropical environment. Are precise like squares, triangles, Produced by the way an object reflects or emits rectangles, polygons, etc. light Too much light covers the color, and too much Form darkness hides the color. Always three-dimensional Like a shape, a form has height, length, and Attributes of Color width, but it also has depth and volume. 1. Hue The primary and most basic attribute ○ Actual forms of a color that makes it distinct from Created with sculpture or architecture another color. ○ Implied forms Name of the color The artist creates the illusion of the form onto a flat surface Texture Tactile qualities of a surface – the way objects actually feel or the way they look like they would feel. Can be a combination or described as smooth, translucent, fine, silky, satiny, etc. 2. Saturation Brightness of color, often measured the thinness or thickness of the surface (object) by boldness or dullness ○ Applied Texture Refers to the intensity of color in an Actual textures you feel image.  Desaturation ○ Absence of hue Value Refers to the lightness and darkness of colors 3. Value The lightness and darkness of a color. and is often described in varying levels of contrast. Used to create a focal point within a painting or drawing The human eye is immediately drawn to a light element against a dark element or vice-versa Value scale shows the range of tones from lightest to darkest. Areas of light and dark give a three-dimensional illusion of form to the subject matter. To create an illusion of depth, gradations of Basic Color Categories value are also used. Primary Red, Blue, Yellow Color Harmonies Secondary Mixtures of primary colors The color wheel is developed by Sir Isaac Tertiary “Intermediate”, mixtures of primary and Newton to visualize the color relationship within secondary colors the spectrum. “Color Theory is, at its core, about developing aesthetically pleasing color relationships” (Marioka, 2007) Color theory is a guide to designers to make effective usage of colors. The color wheel illustrated geometric shapes at the center. Concept in color theory that uses geometric relationships to identify harmonious color combinations. Color Schemes Color Temperatures 1. Triadic Three colors that Warm Yellow-red spectrum; “heat” and form an “active energy” equilateral triangle in the Cool Blue-green-purple spectrum; “Cool color wheel. water” and “calming energy” 2. Compliment are two opposite ary colors of the color wheel 3. Split is composed of 8. Achromatic Meaning “without Complement two colors besides color” ary the consists of black complimenting and white, and the opposite color of vast range of the color wheel grays that can be The usual mixed from them. includes: a.1 primary, 1 9. Neutral hues that appear secondary, Colors to be without color and 1 tertiary and that don’t b. 2 tertiary and typically appear 1 secondary on the color c. 2 tertiary and wheel. 1 primary. They do not compete with 4. Tetradic – arranged from primary and Four colors two secondary colors complementary and instead pairs which form complement a rectangle of the them. color wheel. The usual includes: Principles of Design a. 2 primary and 2 secondary Purpose of Principles of Art b. 2 tertiary and another 2 How to use the tools to make art tertiary Principles of art are techniques of the c. 3 tertiary and 1 primary elements of art to create art pieces, composition, arrangement, choreography, 5. Square like the rectangle, story and many other worlds of art and but with all four colors spaced design evenly around Composition the color circle. ○ arrangement and structural work best if you elements of a work of art let one color be dominant. ○ way these principles are applied affects the expressive content or 6. Analogous use colors that are the message of the artwork next to each other on the color ○ Sometimes, creative artists wheel. purposely break the rules composed of 3 to There are some principles of art that are 5 colors beside each other in the similar in expression to the audience; the color wheel. difference lies in the intent of the artist 7. Monochrom 2-5 shades of a atic single color in a Balance color wheels. Visual weight of an artwork The concept of visual equilibrium is related to our physical sense of balance. It is the compromise of opposing forces in one composition that results in visual stability.  Refers to the distribution of visual weight in a composition. Harmony Also known as “formal balance” in art Elements in art working together; effective Equal balance between both halves of the relation to one another; combining similar, composition, mirroring of halves. related elements Each part of the composition works with other It can be achieved through RHYTHM, parts to appear equal and harmonious in REPETITION and PATTERN balance. ○ Repetition - repeated use of an element; ○ Formal or symmetrical balance makes visual echo and accent Equal balance between both halves of ○ Pattern - combination of repeated elements the composition, mirroring of halves ○ Rhythm - continuity, recurrence and ○ Informal or asymmetrical sequence in time and space Retaining balance even if the weights Harmony can be achieved by shapes and forms; vary by color and value ○ Radial balance Art elements are placed around the Unity central point State of wholeness Totality of related parts Contrast Complete unified whole Focuses on differences between or among Unity is (somehow) equivalent to harmony, but opposing elements there’s a slight difference Common examples of contrast are value and ○ Unity - different elements synched with one color contrast another ○ Light and dark colors ○ Harmony - same elements (usually on ○ Smooth and rough textures repeat) synched with one another ○ Large and small shapes Chiaroscuro – Italian word for light-dark; strong Harmony Unity contrasting light and shadow Harmony (pattern, Unity (similarity Emphasis repetition and and within an rhythm) element) Elements are applied to draw the viewers’ ○ Repetition of ○ Spirals with attention to a focal point lines every… different colors Refers to the area of an artwork that dominates ○ Repetition of ○ Hearts of attention or draws interest. color every… various ○ Rhythm of textures The place a viewer looks first beat every… ○ School of Artists can create emphasis by contrasting the rounded fishes elements of art. In the Philippine modern art, there are artworks with no single focal point but still have an LESSON 4: ELEMENTS OF MUSIC emphasis Music Art of organizing sounds and silence in time to Movement express ideas and emotions. The viewers’ eyes are guided through the “Mousike” - “Art of the Muses” artwork or towards the focal point Visual representation of movement  Elements of Music Timbre Refers to tone color or quality of sound. May also be associated with the instrumentation of a musical piece Rhythm ○ Bright, nasal, gritty, muffled, silvery, flute-like, Refers to the arrangement or pattern of horn-like, etc. durations of notes and rests. Duration Dynamics ○ length of the note or rest in time. It refers to the softness or loudness of music. ○ Crescendo Gradually getting louder ○ Decrescendo Gradually getting soft Tempo Refers to the speed of consistent pulse or beat Pitch in music. Refers to the highness and lowness of a sound. Pulse or beat is where we usually tend to sway or Can be classified into low, high, and clap when engaging in music middle-ranged pitches Can be measured through Beats Per Minute Measured in Hertz (Hz) (BPM) using a metronome The international standard pitch for Western instruments is based on the pitch A4 (or simply A or La) tuned to 440 Hz. Tonality Refers to the musical key, scale, or selected pitches used in a piece of music ○ e.g., A major, E minor, C# minor, etc. Indicated by the Key Signature found in a music notation. Melody Refers to the arrangement or sequence of single notes from left to right. Referred to as tune or line in some context Harmony Media It is the arrangement of pitches that sound Various means of mass communication simultaneously together. Encompassess all channels of communication Usually read from bottom to top on the musical used to disseminate information to a large staff. audience It can serve as an accompaniment to melody Plays a vital role in shaping public opinion and The best example would be chords. influencing people’s behavior Texture Medium Refers to the specific channel or tool used to Refers to the thickness and layers of music. convey a message. Types of Musical Texture: Can be a physical object or an intangible ○ Monophonic concept. A single melodic line without Used in art to create a particular effect or accompaniment convey a specific message ○ Polyphonic Two or more independent melodic lines Traditional singing at the same time ○ Homophonic Fine art A single melodic line with ○ Watercolor, poster, acrylic and oil paint accompaniment (painting) ○ Wood (sculpture) Sample Question ○ SLR Camera (photography) ○ Instruments and vocals (music) 1.If a hundred Filipinos would sing "Lupang ○ Pen and paper (literature) Hinirang" in acapella at the same time, what musical texture does it demonstrate? Folk art = Monophonic ○ Pottery Clay; Manunggul Jar, Burnay, Palayok, Form Tapayan Refers to the structure, arrangement, and ○ Weaving sequence of sections of music. Abaka; Kain (kalinga), T'nalak (tiboli) Usually based on the start and end of a melody ○ Woodcraft ○ AAAA - strophic form (repeated sections with Bamboo; vakul and kanayi (Ivatan no contrasting section) Batanes), Nigo (Singnapan Valley, ○ AB - binary form (2 different sections) Ransang, Rizal Palawan) ○ ABC - ternary form (3 different sections) ○ Metalcraft ○ ABA - arch form OR ternary form (since it Acacia; Hagabi (ifugao), Torogan also has 3 sections) (maranao), Panolong (maranao) ○ ABCBA - arch form Bronze, gold, metal, & oyster shells; ○ ABCDE - through composed (no repeated lingling-o (ifugao, kalinga), Kampilan sections) (sword), lutuan or lotogan (betel nut boz Maranao LESSON 5: MEDIA AND ○ Performing TECHNIQUES ○ Martial arts ○ Ethnomedicine ○ Maritime transportation  Lepa (Sama Bajau), Vinta (Zamboanga) Digital The use of digital technology as part of the creation process ○ Computers ○ Mobile phones ○ Digital cameras ○ Drawing and Painting Applications Adobe Canva Capcut SketchUp TinkerCAD Unconventional Found objects, materials not commonly used The Human Body Body movement (Performing arts), skin (tattoos), Painting face and body (cosmetics) ○ Impasto ○ Sgraffito Technique ○ Glazing Is the manner in which artists use and ○ Wet on wet manipulate materials to achieve the desired ○ Blocking formal effect. ○ Wet on dry It is also used to communicate the desired ○ Dry brush concept, or meaning, according to the artist’s ○ Dabbing personal style ○ Splattering ○ Realistic ○ Dripping ○ Abstract ○ Palette knife painting ○ Modern Visual Art Techniques Drawing ○ Hatching ○ Cross hatching ○ Scumbling ○ Stippling ○ Circling ○ Blending  Printmaking ○ Dance ○ Screenprinting Series of Movements ○ Engraving ○ Choreography ○ Lithography Planned Movements a unique art form where artists draw with ○ Body Shapes greasy materials on a stone. ○ Formation The stone is then chemically treated to ○ Blocking establish where water and ink will go. The drawing is replaced with ink, creating Dance Movement Levels a beautiful print. ○ Low This process allows for detailed and subtle ○ Mid artwork. ○ High Time in Dance ○ Dancer’s movements might be in sync with or against the beat ○ Dance moves require time ○ Is performed in the allotted time. Music Sculpture ○ Media ○ Carving ○ Vocals ○ Assembling In music refers to the human voice; in ○ Modeling song there can be more than one person ○ Casting providing vocals vibrato - is a rapid, slight variation in the pitch you’re singing, marked by a rapid wavering in the intensity and timbre of the note being sung. legato and staccato - Legato means to play the notes as smoothly connected as possible. Staccato means to play the notes as short and crisp and detached as Performing Art Techniques possible. legato and staccato - Legato Dance means to play the notes as ○ Movement smoothly connected as possible. Physical Motion Staccato means to play the notes  as short and crisp and detached as possible. vocal riffs and runs - both refer to a series of notes sung quickly over Proofread by the Team Secretary, a single word or vowel sound. This Team President, and Team Vice President is a common technique heard in some contemporary songs like r&b and soul. Media Arts Techniques Advertising ○ Above the line - has a bigger reach and frequency; includes TV, Radio, print and outdoor advertising ○ Below the Line - smaller reach but more targeted; niche market; concludes: sampling promotion, events flyers, social media, etc ○ Celebrity Endorsement - famous personalities promoting a brand or product ○ Witnesses - a testimony is a statement given by a supported approving a particular product or service ○ Drama - allows a brand to express message vividly; allows for broad emotions appeal ○ Jingles - short song or tune used in advertising and for other commercial uses ○ Comedy - use of humor or irony; memorable and likely to go viral. ○ Comparative Showdown - a company’s product or service is presented as superior when compared to a competitor’s ○ Sustained Awareness - sustaining awareness of a brand, product, or service over a long period of time. ○ Infomercials - a form of tv commercial that resembles regular TV programming References: Content from: Ma’am Lorena Noelle Arriola’s Presentations Ma’am Joyce Caubat’s Presentations