Contemporary Philippine Arts From The Region PDF

WEEK 1: CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGION WHAT IS ART? Art is creation. Creating something new,...

WEEK 1: CONTEMPORARY PHILIPPINE ARTS FROM THE REGION WHAT IS ART? Art is creation. Creating something new, something original and something different. Art is life. It is creating life on a material and making inanimate objects to have life. To create art is to give life (RAMON ORLINA- Glass Sculptor) Contemporary- Current, now, the present. Arts produce by national artist and contemporary to us. HAVE YOU EVER WONDERED HOW THE PHILIPPINES ART DEVELOPED? PRE-COLONIAL ARTS (ETHNIC ARTS) - In pre-colonial Philippines, Arts are for ritual purposes or everyday use. ISLAMIC ARTS - Characterized by geometric designs and patterns eliciting focus from the believers. SPANISH ERA - Art became a handmaiden of religion serving to propagate the catholic faith and thus support the colonial order at the same time. AMERICAN ERA - In the American regime, commercial and advertising arts were integrated into the fine arts curriculum. Moreover, Americans favored idyllic sceneries and secular forms of arts. JAPANESE ERA - Since the Japanese advocated for the culture of East Asia, preference was given to the indigenous art and traditions of the Philippines. This emphasized their propaganda of Asia belonging to Asians. MODERN ARTS - began after World War 2 and the granting of Independence. Writers and artists posed the question of national identity as the main theme of various art forms. CONTEMPORARY ARTS - was an offshoot of social realism brought about by Martial Law. Arts became expression of people's aspiration for a just, free, and sovereign society. HISTORICAL OVERVIEW: PHILIPPINE ART INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED TO CONTEMPORARY ART Definition of Art Functions of Art Art Style and Factors Affecting Style Principles of Art WHY DO PEOPLE ENGAGE IN ART? To earn money To express their emotions and thoughts, real or imaginary To produce things of beauty and masterpieces To self-actualize To immortalize themselves To inform To persuade To entertain people FUNCTIONS OF ART Personal or Individual function Social Function Economic function Political Function Historical Function Cultural Function Religious Function Physical Function Aesthetic Function ART STYLES AND FACTORS AFFECTING STYLE Geographical Factors Historical Factors Social Factors Ideational Factors Psychological Factors Technical Factors PRINCIPLES OF ART 1. Harmony a. Most essential factor in a composition b. Also called UNITY c. Achieved when all the elements of a thing are put together to come up with a coherent whole 2. Balance a. Known as physical equilibrium b. Stability produced by even distribution of weight on each side of the thing c. Classified as FORMAL and INFORMAL BALANCE Balance-Formal Balance Exists if the weights at equal distance from the center are equal Also called symmetrical balance ○ FORMAL BILATERAL BALANCE Bilateral Symmentry is present when the left and right sides appear the same. ○ FORMAL RADIAL BALANCE  Radial symmetry exists when the same measure occurs from the central point to the end of every radius. This symmetry applies to round objects or those with radii like stars and starfishes. Informal Balance is present when the left and the right sides of the thing, though not identical in appearance, still display an even distribution of weight. Also known as asymmetrical or occult balance 3. Rhythm a. Rhythm is the continuous use of a motif or repetitive pattern of a succession of similar or identical items. b. It can be achieved by alternation use of two patterns alternately), radiation (repetition of motif from the center or toward it), progression use of motifs of varying sizes, that is, from the smallest to the largest, or vice versa), or parallelism use of a pattern with an equal distance from each other). c. Rhythm is exemplified by concentric circles, by an alteration of black and white stripes, by checkered blue and orange squares. d. It is characterized as repetitive, continuous, or flowing. 4. Proportion a. Comparative relationship of the different parts in relation to the whole b. Proper and pleasing relationship of one object with the others in a design 5. Emphasis a. More often than not, the artist emphasizes the one with the bigger size or proportion, the one with a different shape or color, the one with striking lines, the one positioned at the center and the one that is unique. b. More often than not, the artist emphasizes the one with the bigger size or proportion, the one with a different shape or color, the one with striking lines, the one positioned at the center and the one that is unique. CLASSIFICATION OF ART FORMS 1. Visual Arts a. Visual arts are those forms perceived by the eyes. b. Includes painting, sculpture, and architecture. c. also called spatial arts because artworks produced under this genre occupy space i. Graphic Arts 1. those visual arts that have length and width; thus they are also called two-dimensional arts 2. described as flat arts because they are seen on flat surfaces 3. examples: printing, painting, drawing, sketching, commercial art, mechanical processes, computer graphics, and photography ii. Plastic Arts 1. are those visual arts that have length, width, and volume: thus, they are called three-dimensional arts 2. examples: sculpture, architecture, landscape, architecture, city planning design, set design, theater design, industrial design, crafts and allied arts 2. Audio-Visual Arts a. Audio-visual arts are those forms perceived by both ears (audio) and eyes (video). b. Also called performing arts c. Examples: music (vocal, instrumental, and mixed), dance (ethnologic, social and theatrical), and drama tragedy, comedy, tragicomedy, farce, melodrama, etc. 3. Literary Arts a. Literary arts are those presented in the written mode and intended to be read. b. Examples: prose (short stories, novels, essays, and plays) and poetry narrative poems, lyric poems, and dramatic poems) DIVISIONS OF ART STUDY Aesthetic or Art Appreciation ○ Aesthetics, the science of beauty, is that division of art study in which the student learns to admire the artists, value highly different works of art, and appreciate the role of art in society. Art History ○ Art history is that division of art study in which the student acquires knowledge of the artists, their backgrounds, their masterpieces, and their significant contributions in various fields of art.  Art Production ○ Art production is that division of art study in which the student learns to use his creativity and apply his artistic knowledge and skills in producing his own works of art. Art Criticism ○ Art criticism is that division of art study in which the student learns to use his judgment in evaluating different artworks based on the criteria set. INTEGRATIVE ART the use of art in other disciplines, as in psychology. CONTEMPORARY ART "Contemporary art is the art produced at the present period in time. Contemporary art includes, and develops from, post- modern art, which is itself a successor to modern art." Contemporary art runs from 1970 until now.  WEEK 2:ART: MEANING AND FORMS -Contemporary Art is influenced by the economic, social, political and environmental context where the artist is immersed in. ​ - It can be said that Contemporary Art is the artist’s expression of his perception and comprehension of these contexts. Contemporary Arts in the Philippines is as diverse as our people.​ EXAMPLES OF CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS ELEMENTS OF CONTEMPORARY ART 1. Appropriation- this relates to the modifications made by the artist. ​ 2. Hybridity- this refers in the use of different art mediums that are put together​ 3. Technology- its application highlights the creativity of the artist.​ 4. Performance- carried out for viewers to experience.​ 5. Space- intricate use of space​ These elements are combined in different ways to come up with Integrative Art. Integrative Art - employs the use of different art elements used together in distinct different expressions. Thus, it becomes a combination of different art forms for specific groups of viewers. - a fusion of different art disciplines using different styles and media in creating art. It can be found in different places of the country, usually in urban areas where artists have ready access to different art forms and media​ Examples of Integrative Art include :​  - the use of computer applications combined with other media, ​ - the use of non-traditional art materials in creating artworks usually done with mixed art forms.​ Contemporary Art Forms from the Philippine Regions​ With modern technology and easy access to far-flung areas of the country, many artworks have become known and many more are being created by present day artists from the different regions. All forms of art can be found throughout the country. Artworks coming from the seventeen regions of the three main island groups of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao, have been exhibited in different exhibition halls and museums. Viewers have come to know and, more importantly, to understand the present-day art expressions of artists who want their culture, situation and issues be known through their artworks.​ The distinct features of Contemporary Philippine Art include:​ 1. Communal nature- as it reflects the relationships build around the bonds of community and society. ​ 2. Intuitive- as Filipinos are immersed in their consciousness of themselves, their community and their culture.​ 3. Holistic- as individuals, groups of people and events are perceived in their entirety as well as the unitive use of art materials and forms.​ 4. Creative process- as the artist puts more emphasis on now their artwork was made than on the artwork itself.​ 5. Integrative- as it encompasses religious, moral, spiritual, social, and environmental concerns. ​ 6. Multi-focal- as it considers everything and everyone, the wide perspective of the artwork as well as both artist and viewer.​ WEEK 3 : CONTEMPORARY ART FORMS AND THEIR PRACTICES FROM VARIOUS REGIONS Integrative Art to Philippine Contemporary Art​ - The art are classified in distinct forms: architecture, visual arts, literary arts, dance, dramatic arts, cinema and broadcast arts, and new media. - However, the arts in the regions have evolved and have taken a new form. ​They are no longer what they were several years ago. - The arts in the regions have combined to create integrative art. Because of this, there is now an interconnection among the arts, resulting in the combination of arts.​ INTEGRATED CONTEMPORARY ARTS FORMS IN THE REGION​ CHOREOGRAPHY  ○ an arrangement or design for dance movements usually accompanied by music. ○ the art of dancing that is composed of a series of dance steps and movement to create a story. ○ It has become an integrated art, for it incorporates both dance and music. In the regions, there is a minimal number of contemporary dances because the traditional dances are still being widely practiced. However, the choreography of these traditional dances have varied through generations. Modifications are done to adapt to contemporary times.​ MUSICAL INSTRUMENT ○ is any tool or device that produces sound. ○ Consists of an array of shapes and styles from the simple to the complex. One interacts with a musical instrument in a way that it produces a sound, like a guitarist plucking the strings of his guitar or a drummer beating his gong. ○ Examples of traditional musical instruments in the Philippines are the kulintang, gangsa, and the kutyapi. ​ One notable Filipino, National Artist for Music Lucresia Kasilag, infused the sounds of naive instruments on new forms, such as theater and pictures. Some of her remarkable works are Orientalia Suite for Piano and Chamber and Philippine Percussion Instruments, and Improvisations No 3 and 4 for Moslem gamelan and tipaklong. ​ LITERARY AND MUSICAL COMPOSITION​ - Literary works are written works meant to be read, sung, or delivered in a play. They can be written in prose or in poetry form. ​ - Musical compositions are not written but notated (represented by muscial symbols). Since they use symbols particular to their field, they must be learned. ​ These two types of compositions are some of the easisest art forms to integrate with another form. Literary pieces, such as novels, short stories,and epics are the most common bases of other forms like theater and cinema. A theater without a playwright is nothing; so is a cinema without a scriptwriter. ​ In the contemporary times, the most common examples are the movie ​adaptations of some well-known literary pieces, such as ​ 1. “Bata, Bata, Pa’no ka Ginawa?” and “Dekada ‘70,” novels by Lualhati Bautista that were turned into films by Chito Roῆo; ​  2. Mars Ravelo’s comics “Darna,” “Captain Barbell,”and ​“Dyesebel” which were adapted into numerous movies and TV programs through time.​ VISUAL DESIGN ○ is a composition or layout of lines, shapes, and color to form patterns on paper; textile, or any piece for that matter. ○ It can be found in either two-dimensional works like painting and drawing; or three-dimensional works like installation and sculpture. ○ Integration of arts in visual design happens in several hybrid art forms like installation videos and the like​. THEATRICAL PERFORMANCE​ ○ The staging and execution of a production, like drama, opera, festivals and the like fall under the form called theatrical performance. ​ ○ pertains to a public presentation of a dramatic or musical entertainment. ○ involves a lot of teamwork that includes the producer; the director, the cast, and the crew of workers. Technology, wether traditional, digital, multimedia, innovative, or alternative, is a vital part of any performance.​ ○ Contemporary theatrical performance is experimental , innovative, controversial, and interdisciplinary, going beyond theater and other art forms, like puppetry, cinema, and sculpture. It also goes out to other disciplines like psychology, and the social and political sciences. ​ ○ One specific example of a contemporary theatrical performance is PETA’s Rak of Aegis, a musical tribute to the Filipino 90s band, Aegis. It used the integration of music, theater, and dance to create a hybrid piece of art. ​ CINEMA ○ the most popular of the art forms; yet, it is the youngest of all. ○ It appeared only in early 1900s in Manila and later spread in the regions. It has gained public acceptance since then. ○ The characteristics of the cinema is similar to the theater; except that it is not a live performance and the action is seen in a flat screen​.However, in the advent of technology, even the theater- known to produce live performances-has been brought to the cinema. ​ ○ One recent example is the 2012 12 comedy-musical, I Do Bidoo Bidoo: Heto nAPO Sila! a movie tribute to the prized trio of the 80s, the APO Hiking Society.​  ○ A lot has happened in the contemporary art scene since its onset in the 70s. In the regions, art forms are now collaborative and community-based, fostering values of camaraderie, cooperation, team-building, and pride of place.​ WEEK 4 : Filipino Artists and Their Contribution to Contemporary Arts National Artists of the Philippines PABLO S.ANTONIO (January 25, 1902 – June14, 1975) - National Artist for Architecture(1976) - His basic design is grounded on simplicity, no clutter. The lines are clean and smooth,and wherethere are curves, these are made integral to the structure. - Antonio’s major works include the following: 1. Far Eastern University Administration and Sciencebuildings; 2. Manila Polo Club; 3. Ideal Theater; 4. Lyric Theater; 5. Galaxy Theater; 6. Capitan Luis Gonzaga Building; 7. Boulevard-Alhambra (now Bel-Air) apartments; 8. Ramon Roces Publications Building (now Guzman Institute of Electronics) LEANDRO V. LOCSIN (August 15, 1928 – November 15, 1994) - National Artist for Architecture, 1990 - He reshaped the urban landscape with a distinctive architecture reflective ofPhilippine Art and Culture. - He believes that the true Philippine Architecture is “the product oftwo great streams of culture, the oriental and the occidental… to produce a new object ofprofound harmony.” - It is this synthesis that underlies all his works, with his achievements inconcrete reflecting his mastery of space and scale. - Locsin’s largest single work is the Istana Nurul Iman, the palace of the Sultanof Brunei, which has a floor area of 2.2 million square feet. - The CCP Complex itselfis a virtual Locsin Complex with all five buildings designed by him — the 1. Cultural Center of the Philippines, 2. Folk Arts Theater, 3. Philippine Internationa lConvention Center, 4. Philcite and The Westin Hotel (now Sofitel Philippine Plaza). JUAN F. NAKPIL (May 26, 1899 – May 7, 1986)  - National Artist for Architecture, 1973 - An architect, teacher, and civic leader is a pioneer and innovator in Philippinearchitecture. - Nakpil’s greatest contribution is his belief that there is such a thing as Philippine Architecture, espousing architecture reflective of Philippine traditions and culture. - Among others, Nakpil’s major works are the 1. Geronimo de los Reyes Building, 2. MagsaysayBuilding, 3. Rizal Theater, 4. Capitol Theater, 5. Captain Pepe Building, 6. Manila JockeyClub, 7. Rufino Building, 8. Philippine Village Hotel, 9. University of the Philippines Administration and University Library, 10. the reconstructed Rizal house in Calamba, Laguna ILDEFONSO P. SANTOS, JR.(September 5, 1929 – January 29, 2014) - National Artist for Architecture, 2006 - Ildefonso Paez Santos, Jr., distinguished himself by pioneering the practice of landscape architecture–an allied field of architecture–in the Philippines and then producing four decades of exemplary and engaging work that has included hundreds of parks, plazas,gardens, and a wide range of outdoor settings that have enhanced contemporary Filipino life. - Santos, Jr., who grew up in Malabon, made his first mark with the Makati Commercial Center where he introduced a new concept of outdoor shopping with landscaped walks, fountains, and sculptures as accents. - Santos, Jr.’s contribution to modern Filipino landscape architecture was the seminal public landscape in Paco Park. - Santos, Jr.’s most recent projects were the 1. Tagaytay Highland Resort, 2. the Mt. Malarayat Golf and Country Club in Lipa, Batangas 3. the Orchard Golf and Country Club in Imus, Cavite. FRANCISCO T. MANOSA Birthday: 12 February 1931 - National Artist for Architecture and Allied Arts (2018) - For all his more than 60 years of architecture life, Arc. Bobby Mañosa designed Filipino. - From the 1960s in his landmark design of the Sulo Hotel until his retirement in 2015, he courageously and passionately created original Filipino forms, and spaces with intricate and refined details.  - But what is most valuable is that Mañosa was in the heart and soul of aPhilippine architectural movement. - He has developed a legacy of Philippine architecture, which is essential to our Filipino identity and at the same time, deeply appreciated andshared in our world today. - Major Works: 1. San Miguel Building, Ortigas Center, Pasig City (designed with the Mañosa Brothers) 2. Chapel of the Risen Lord, Las Piñas City 3. Our Lady of Peace Shrine, EDSA, Quezon City 4. World Youth Day Papal Altar, Quirino Grandstand, Manila, 1995 5. Metrorail Transit System Stations for LRT 1, circa 1980s 6. Quezon Memorial Circle Development Plan 7. Lanao del Norte Provincial Capitol, Tubod, Lanao del Norte 8. Tahanang Pilipino (Coconut Palace), CCP Complex, Manila 9. Amanpulo Resort, Palawan 10. Pearl Farm Resort, Samal Island, Davao, completed in 1994 11. La Mesa Watershed Resort and Ecological Park, La Mesa Dam, Quezon City LAMBERTO V.AVELLANA (February 12, 1915 – April 25, 1991) - National Artist for Theater and Film (1976) - director for theater and film has the distinction of being called “The Boy Wonder of Philippine Movies” as early as 1939. - He was the first to use the motion picture camera to establish a POV, a move that revolutionized the techniques of film narration. - Sakay was declared the best picture of 1939 by critics and journalists alike and set the tone for Avellana’s career in film that would be capped by such distinctive achievements as the Grand Prix at the Asian Film Festival in Hong Kong for Anak Dalita (1956); best director of Asia award in Tokyo for Badjao, among others. - Avellana was also the first filmmaker to have his film Kandelerong Pilak shown at the Cannes International Film Festival. Among the films he directed for worldwide release were: 1. Sergeant Hasan (1967), 2. Destination Vietnam (1969), 3. The Evil Within (1970). LINO BROCKA (April 3, 1939 – May 22, 1991) - National Artist for Film and Broadcast Arts (1997)  - Catalino “Lino” Ortiz Brocka, director for film and broadcast arts, espoused the term “freedom of expression” in the Philippine Constitution. - Brocka took his social activist spirit to the screen leaving behind 66 films which breathed life and hope for the marginalized sectors of society — slum-dwellers, prostitutes, construction workers, etc. - He also directedfor theater with equal zeal and served in organizations that offer alternative visions, like the Philippine Educational Theater Association (PETA) and the Concerned Artists of thePhilippines (CAP). - At the same time, he garnered awards and recognition from institutions like the CCP, FAMAS, TOYM, and Cannes Film Festival. - To name a few, Brocka’s films include the following: 1. “Santiago” (1970), 2. “Wanted:Perfect Mother” (1970), 3. “Tubog sa Ginto” (1971), 4. “Stardoom” (1971), 5. “Tinimbang KaNgunit Kulang” (1974), 6. “Maynila: Sa Kuko ng Liwanag” (1975), 7. “Insiang” (1976), 8. “Jaguar”(1979), 9. “Bona” (1980), 10. “Macho Dancer” (1989), 11. “Orapronobis” (1989), 12. “Makiusap Ka saDiyos” (1991). ISHMAEL BERNAL (September 30, 1938 – June 2, 1996) - National Artist for Cinema (2001) - was a filmmaker of the first order and one of the very few who can be truly called a maestro. - Critics have hailed him as “the genius of Philippine cinema” - He was recognized as the Director of the Decade of the 1970s by the Catholic Mass Media Awards; four-time Best Director by the Urian Awards (1989, 1985, 1983, and 1977); and given the ASEAN Cultural Award in Communication Arts in 1993. - Among his notable films are 1. “Pahiram ng Isang Umaga” (1989), 2. “Broken Marriage” (1983), 3. “Himala” (1982), 4. “City After Dark” (1980), 5. “Nunal sa Tubig” (1976). FERNANDO POE, JR. (August 20, 1939 – December 14, 2004) - National Artist for Cinema (2006)  - Ronald Allan K. Poe, popularly known as Fernando Poe, Jr., was a cultural icon oftremendous audience impact and cinema artist and craftsman–as actor, director, writer andproducer. - The image of the underdog was projected in his films such as 1. Apollo Robles(1961), 2. Batang Maynila (1962), 3. Mga Alabok sa Lupa (1967), 4. Batang Matador and BatangEstibador (1969), 5. Ako ang Katarungan (1974), 6. Tatak ng Alipin(1975), 7. Totoy Bato (1977), 8. Asedillo (1981), 9. Partida (1985), 10. Ang Probisyano (1996), among many others. - Themythical hero, on the other hand, was highlighted in 1. Ang Alamat (1972), 2. Ang Pagbabalikng Lawin (1975) 3. Panday series (1980, 1981, 1982, 1984) - the action adventure films adapted from komiks materials such as 1. Ang Kampana sa SantaQuiteria(1971), 2. Santo Domingo (1972), 3. Alupihang Dagat (1975), among others. - Poe was born in Manila. After the death of his father, he dropped out of theUniversity of the East in his sophomore year to support his family. He was the second of six siblings. He married actress Susan Roces in a civil ceremony in December 1968. KIDLAT TAHIMIK (Birthday: 3 October 1942) - National Artist for Film (2018) - Kidlat Tahimik has continually invented himself through his cinema, and so his cinema is assingular as the man. - His debut film, Mababangong Bangungot (1977), was praised by criticsand filmmakers from Europe, North America, Asia, and Africa and is still considered by manyas a pioneering postcolonial essay film. - Tahimik’s intense independence as an artist and, at the same time, the film itself called for Filipinos to actively live out their independence and not allow their culture to be imperialized by the west. - Kidlat’s “imperfect” film is an exempla of what is worldwide known as “Third Cinema,” a cinema that is critical of neocolonial exploitation and state oppression. - Notable Works:  1.Balikbayan #1: Memories of Overdevelopment Redux (2015) 2. Japanese Summers of a Filipino Fundoshi (1996) 3. Why Is Yellow the Middle of the Rainbow? (1983-1994) 4. Orbit 50: Letters to My 3 Sons (1990-1992) 5. Turumba (1983) 6. Who Invented the Yoyo? Who Invented the Moon Buggy? (1979) 7. MababangongBangungot/Perfumed Nightmare (1977) FERNANDO AMORSOLO (May 30, 1892 – April 24, 1972) - National Artist for Visual Arts - National Artist awardee. - Fernando C. Amorsolo the first. - He was titled “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art” which was bestowed on Amorsolo when the Manila Hilton inaugurated its art center on January 23, 1969, with an exhibit of aselection of his works. - Among others, his major works include the following: 1. Maiden in a Stream(1921)-GSIScollection; 2. El Ciego (1928)-Central Bank of the Philippines collection; 3. Dalagang Bukid(1936) – Club Filipino collection; 4. The Mestiza (1943) – National Museum of the Philippines collection; 5. Planting Rice (1946)-UCPB collection; 6. Sunday Morning Going to Town (1958)-Ayala Museum Collection. HERNANDO R. OCAMPO (April 28, 1911 – December 28, 1978) - National Artist for Visual Arts (1991) - He is a self-taught painter and was a leading member of the pre-war Thirteen Moderns, the group that charted the course of modern art in the Philippines. - His works provided an understanding and awareness of the harsh social realities in the country immediately after the Second World War and contributed significantly to the rise of the nationalist spirit in the post-war era. - Ocampo’s acknowledged masterpiece Genesis served as the basis of the curtain design of the Cultural Center of the Philippines Main Theater. - His other major works include: 1. Ina ng Balon, Calvary, 2. Slum Dwellers, 3. Nude with Candle and Flower,  4. Man andCarabao,Angel’s Kiss, 5. Palayok at Kalan, 6. Ancestors,Isda at Mangga, 7. TheResurrection, 8. Fifty-three “Q”, 9. Backdrop, 10. Fiesta. ABDULMARI ASIA IMAO (January 14, 1936 – December 16, 2014) - National Artist for Visual Arts (2006) - A native of Sulu, Abdulmari Asia Imao is a sculptor, painter, photographer, ceramist, documentary filmmaker, cultural researcher, writer, and articulator of Philippine Muslim art and culture. - Through his works, the Indigenous ukkil, sarimanok and naga motifs have been popularized and instilled in the consciousness of the Filipino nation and other peoples as original Filipino creations. - Industry Brass Mural, Philippine National Bank, San Fernando, La Union Mural Relief on Filmmaking, Manila City HallIndustrial Mural, Central Bank of the Philippines, San Fernando, La Union Sulu Warriors (statues of Panglima Unaid and Captain Abdurahim Imao), 6 ft., SuluProvincial Capitol. GUILLERMO TOLENTINO (July 24, 1890 – July 12, 1976) - National Artist for Sculpture (1973) - Guillermo Estrella Tolentino is a product of the Revival period in Philippine art. - The result was the UP Oblation that became the symbol of freedom at the campus. - Acknowledged as his masterpiece and completed in 1933, The Bonifacio Monument in Caloocan stands as an enduring symbol of the Filipinos’ cry for freedom - Other works include 1. the bronze figures of President Quezon at Quezon Memorial, 2. life-size busts of Jose Rizalat UP and UE, 3. marble statue of Ramon Magsaysay in GSIS Building; 4. granolithics of heroic statues representing education, medicine, forestry, veterinary science, fine arts and music atUP. 5. He also designed the gold and bronze medals for the Ramon Magsaysay Award and did the seal of the Republic of the Philippines. 6. Portrait, 7. Night Glows, 8. Grand Finale,  9. Cities of the Past, 10. Imaginary Landscapes. - His mural painting Black and White is displayed in the lobby of the CCP’s Bulwagang Carlos V. Francisco (Little Theater). - His sculpture of a stainless steel cube is located in front of the Benguet Mining Corporation Building in Pasig. LAURO “Larry” ALCALA (18 August 1926-24 June 2002) - National Artist for Visual Arts (2018) - His comic strips spiced up the slices of Filipino lives with witty illustrations executedthroughout his 56 years of cartooning. - He created over 500 characters and 20 comic strips inwidely circulated publications. - Alcala’s most iconic work, Slice of Life, not only made for decades long of widely circulated images of Filipino everyday life, it also symbolically became an experiential way for his followers to find a sense of self in the midst of an often cacophonic, raucous and at odds environment that Filipinos found themselves amidst. - Notable Works: 1. Slice of Life Weekend 1980-1986 2. Asiong Aksaya, Daily Express, Tagalog Klasiks, 1976-1984 3. Smolbatteribols, Darna Komiks 1972-1984 4. Siopawman, Daily Express, 1972-1983, 2002 5. Kalabogesyons, Pilipino Komiks, 1966-1972 6. Congressman Kalog, Aliwan Komiks, 1966-1972 7. Baryo Pogspak, Holiday Komiks, 1966-1972 8. Loverboy, Redondo Komiks, 1964-1969 9. Mang Ambo, Weekly Graphic, 1963-1965 10. Kalabog en Bosyo, Pilipino Komiks, 1949-1983 11. Islaw Palitaw, 1946-1948 FRANCISCO ARCELLANA )(September 6, 1916 – August 1,2002) - National Artist for Literature(1990) - writer, poet, essayist, critic, journalist, and teacher is one of the most important progenitors of the modern Filipino short story in English. - He pioneered the development of the short story as a lyrical prose-poetic form - A brilliant craftsman, his works are now an indispensable part of a tertiary-level-syllabi all over the country. - Arcellana’s published books are 1. Selected Stories (1962), 2. Poetry and Politics: The State of Original Writing in English in the Philippines Today (1977), 3. The Francisco Arcellana Sampler (1990). EDITH L. TIEMPO (April 22, 1919 – August 21, 2011)  - National Artist for Literature (1999) - A poet, fictionist, teacher and literary critic - is one of the finest Filipino writers in English. - Her works are characterized by a remarkable fusion of style and substance, of craftsmanship and insight. - Born on April 22, 1919 in Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, her poems are intricate verbal transfigurations of significant experiences as revealed, in two of her much-anthologized pieces, “The Little Marmoset” and “Bonsai”. - As fictionist, Tiempo is as morally profound. - Her language has been marked as “descriptive but unburdened by scrupulous detailing.” - She is an influential tradition in Philippine literature inEnglish. Together with her late husband, Edilberto K. Tiempo, she founded and directed the Silliman National Writers Workshop in Dumaguete City, which has produced some of thecountry’s best writers BIENVENIDO LUMBERA - National Artist for Literature (2006) - a poet, librettist, and scholar. - As a poet, he introduced to Tagalog literature what is now known as Bagay poetry, a landmark aesthetic tendency that has helped to change the vernacular poetic tradition. - He is the author of the following works: 1. Likhang Dila, Likhang Diwa (poems in Filipino and English), 1993; 2. Balaybay, Mga TulangLunot at Manibalang, 2002; 3. Sa Sariling Bayan, Apat na Dulang May Musika, 2004; 4. “Agunyas sa Hacienda Luisita,” Pakikiramay, 2004. - As a librettist for the Tales of the Manuvu and Rama Hari, he pioneered the creative fusion of fine arts and popular imagination. - As a scholar his major books include the following: 1. Tagalog Poetry, 1570-1898: Tradition and Influences in its Development; 2. PhilippineLiterature: A History and Anthology, 3. Revaluation: Essays on Philippine Literature, 4. Writing the Nation/Pag-akda ng Bansa. VIRGILIO S. ALMARIO - National Artist for 2003 - also known as Rio Alma - a poet, literary historian, and critic, who has revivedand reinvented traditional Filipino poetic forms, even as he championed modernist poetics.  -In 34 years, he has published 12 books of poetry, which include the 1. seminal Makinasyon and Peregrinasyon, 2. the landmark trilogy Doktrinang Anakpawis, 3. Mga Retrato at Rekwerdo and Muli, 4. Sa Kandungan ng Lupa. - In these works, his poetic voice soared fromthe lyrical to the satirical to the epic, from the dramatic to the incantatory, in his often severe examination of the self, and the society RAMON L. MUZONES (20 March 1913-17 August 1992) - National Artist for Literature (2018) - was a Hiligaynon poet, essayist, short story writer, critic, grammarian, editor, lexicographer, and novelist who authored an unprecedentedly completed novel. - A number of these represent groundbreaking “firsts’ in Hiligaynonliterature such as the feminist 1. Ang Bag-ong Maria Clara, the roman a clef Maambong NgaSapat (Magnificent Brute,1940), 2. the comic Si Tamblot (1946), 3. The politically satirical Si Tamblot Kandidato Man (Tamblot is Also a Candidate, 1949), 4. the 125- installment longestserialized novel Dama de Noche (1982-84), - Hailed by his peers as the longest reigning(1938-1972) among “the three kings of the Hiligaynon novel,” Muzones brought about its most radical changes while ushering in modernism. With a literary career that spanned fifty three years (1938-1990), his evolution covers the whole history of the Hiligaynon novel from its rise in the 1940s to its decline in the 1970s. - Muzones tried his hand at a variety of types and proved adept in all as literary fashions. - In the process, he not only extended with remarkable versatility and inventiveness the scope and style of the Hiligaynon novel, but he also enriched Hiligaynon literature’s dramatis personae. - Notable Works: 1. Shri-Bishaya (1969), 2. Malala nga Gutom (Malignant Hunger,1965) 3. Babae Batuk sa Kalibutan (Woman Against the World,1959) 4. Ang Gugma sang Gugma Bayaran (Love with Love Be Paid, 1955) 5. Si Tamblot (1948) 6. Margosatubig (1946) RAMON VALERA (August 31, 1912 – May 25,1972) - National Artist for FashionDesign(2006)  - The contribution of Ramon Valera, whose family hails from Abra, lies in the tradition of excellence of his works, and his commitment to hisprofession, performing his magical seminal innovations on the Philippine terno. - Valera is said to have given the country its visual icon to the world via the terno. - In the early 40s, Valeraproduced a single piece of clothing from a four-piece ensemble consisting of a blouse, skirt,overskirt, and long scarf. - He unified the components of the baro’t saya into a single dress with exaggerated bell sleeves, cinched at the waist, grazing the ankle, and zipped up at theback.Using zipper in place of hooks was already a radical change for the country’s elite then Dropping the panuelo–the longfolded scarf hanging down the chest, thus serving as the Filipina’s gesture of modesty– from the entire ensemble became a bigger shock for thewomen then. - Valera constructed the terno’s butterfly sleeves, giving them a solid, built-in buthidden support. To the world, the butterfly sleeves became the terno’s defining feature. SALVADOR F. BERNAL (January 7, 1945 – October 26, 2011) - NationalArtistforTheaterDesign(2003) - designed more than 300 productions distinguished for their originality. - Sensitive to the budget limitations of local productions, he harnessed the design potential of inexpensive local materials, pioneering or maximizing the use of bamboo, raw abaca, and abaca fiber, hemp twine, rattan chain links and gauze cacha. - As the acknowledged guru of contemporary Filipino theater design, Bernal shared his skills with younger designers through his classes at the University of the Philippines and the Ateneo de Manila University, and through the programs he created for the CCP Production Design Center which he himself conceptualized and organized. CARLOS QUIRINO )(January 14, 1910 – May20, 1999) - National Artist for Historical Literature (1997 - A biographer, has the distinction of having written one of the earliest biographies of Jose Rizal titled The Great Malayan. - Quirino’s books and articles span the whole gamut of Philippine history and culture–from Bonifacio’s trial to Aguinaldo’sbiography, from Philippine cartography to culinary arts, from cash crops to tycoons and presidents ’ lives, among so many subjects.  -In 1997, Pres. Fidel Ramos created historical literature as a new category in the National Artist Awards and Quirino was its first recipient. - He made a record earlier on when he became the very first Filipino correspondent for the United Press Institute. - His book Maps and Views of Old Manila is considered as the bestbook on the subject. - His other books include 1. Quezon, 2. Man of Destiny, 3. Magsaysay of thePhilippines, 4. Lives of the Philippine Presidents, 5. Philippine Cartography, 6. The History ofPhilippine Sugar Industry, 7. Filipino Heritage: The Making of a Nation, 8. Filipinos at War:The Fight for Freedom from Mactan to EDSA. FRANCISCA REYES AQUINO )(March 9, 1899 – November 21, 1983) - National Artist for Dance (1973) - Is acknowledged as the Folk-Dance Pioneer. - This Bulakeña began her research on folk dances in the 1920s making trips to remotebarrios in Central and NorthernLuzon. - Her research on the unrecorded forms of local celebration, ritual, and sport resultedinto a 1926 thesis titled “Philippine Folk Dances and Games,” and arranged specifically for use by teachers and playground instructors in public and private schools. - Her books include the following: 1. Philippine National Dances (1946); 2. Gymnastics for Girls(1947); 3. Fundamental Dance Steps and Music (1948); 4. Foreign Folk Dances (1949); 5. Dances for all Occasion (1950); 6. Playground Demonstration (1951); 7. Philippine FolkDances, Volumes I to VI. RAMON OBUSAN (June 16, 1938 – December 21, 2006) - National Artist for Dance (2006) - was a dancer, choreographer, stage designer, and artistic director. - He achieved phenomenal success in Philippine dance and cultural work. - He was also acknowledged as a researcher, archivist and documentary filmmaker who broadened and deepened the Filipino understanding of his own cultural life and expressions.  -Through the Ramon Obusan Folkloric Grop (ROFG), he had affected cultural and diplomatic exchanges using the multifarious aspects and dimensions of the art of dance. - Among the full-length productions he choreographed are the following: 1. “Vamos a Belen! Series” (1998-2004) 2. Philippine Dances Tradition“Noon Po sa Amin,” 3. tableaux of Philippine History in song, 4. drama and dance“Obra Maestra,” - A collection of Ramon Obusan’s dance masterpieces 1. “Unpublished Dances of the Philippines,” 2. Series I-IV“Water, Fire and Life, Philippine Dances and Music–A Celebration of Life. Saludo saSentenyal” 3. “Glimpses of ASEAN, Dances, and Music of the ASEAN-Member countries” 4. “Saplot (Ramon Obusan Folkloric Group): Philippines Costumes in Dance” ALICE REYES - National Artist for12Dance (2014) - She is a dancer, choreographer, teacher, and director, she has made a lasting impacton the development and promotion of contemporary dance in the Philippines. - Her dance legacy is evident in the dance companies, teachers, choreographers, and the excitingFilipino modern dance repertoire of our country today. - Her biggest contribution to Philippinedance is the development of a distinctly Filipino modern dance idiom. - Utilizing inherently Filipino materials and subject matters expressed through a combination of movements andstyles from Philippine indigenous dance, modern dance, and classical ballet she hassuccessfully created a contemporary dance language that is uniquely Filipino. - Her masterpiece Amada to the modern dance classic Itim-Asu, to her last major work Bayanihan Remembered which she staged for Ballet Philippines Among her major works: 1. Amada (1969), 2. At a Maranaw Gathering (1970) 3. Itim-Asu (1971), 4. Tales of the Manuvu(1977), 5. Rama Hari (1980), 6. Bayanihan Remembered (1987). LEONOR OROSA GOQUINGCO (July 24, 1917 – July 15, 2005) - National Artist for Dance - Dubbed the “Trailblazer”, “Mother of Philippine Theater Dance” and “Dean of FilipinoPerforming Arts Critics”, - Leonor Orosa Goquingco, pioneer Filipino choreographer inballetic folkloric and Asian styles, produced for over 50 years highly original, first-of-a-kind choreographies, mostly to her own storylines. - These include 1. “TREND: Return to Native,” 2. “In a Javanese Garden,” “Sports,” 3. “VINTA!,” 4. “In a Concentration Camp,” 5. “The Magic Garden,” 6. “The Clowns,” 7. “Firebird,” 8. “Noli Dance Suite,” 9. “The Flagellant,” 10. “The Creation…” - Seen as her most ambitious work is the dance epic 1. “Filipinescas: Philippine Life, Legend and Lore.” - With it, Orosa broughtnative folk dance, mirroring Philippine culture from pagan to modern times, to its higheststage of development LUCRECIA REYES-URTULA (June 29, 1929 – August 4, 1999) - National Artist for Dance (1988) - A choreographer, dance educator and researcher, spent almost four decades in the discovery and study of Philippine folk and ethnic dances. - She applied her findings to project a new example of an ethnic dance culture that goes beyond simple preservation and intocreative growth. - Over a period of thirty years, she had choreographed suites of mountaindances, Spanish-influenced dances, Muslim pageants and festivals, regional variations and dances of the countryside for the Bayanihan Philippine Dance Company of which she wasthe dance director. - These dances have all earned critical acclaim and rave reviews from audiences in their world tours in Americas, Europe, Asia, Australia and Africa. - Among the widely acclaimed dances she had staged were the following: 1. Singkil, a Bayanihan signaturenumber based on a Maranao epic poem; 2. Vinta, a dance honoring Filipino sailing prowess 3. Tagabili, a tale of tribal conflict; 4. Pagdiwata, a four-day harvest festival condensed into a six-minute breath-taking spectacle;  5. Salidsid, a mountain wedding dance ; 6. Idaw, Banga and Aires de Verbena. ANTONINO BUENAVENTURA (May 4, 1904 – January25,1996) - National Artist forMusic(1988) - In 1935, Buenaventura joined Francisca Reyes-Aquino to conduct research on folksongs and dances that led to its popularization. - Buenaventura composed songs, compositions, for solo instruments as well assymphonic and orchestral works based on the folksongs of various Philippine ethnic groups. - He was also a conductor and restored the Philippine Army Band to its former prestige as one of the finest military bands in the world making it “the only band that can sound like asymphony orchestra”. - This once sickly boy who played the clarinet proficiently has written several marches such as the 1. “Triumphal March,” 2. “Echoes of the Past,” 3. “History Fantasy,”Second Symphony in E-flat, 4. “Echoes from the Philippines,” 5. “Ode to Freedom.” - His orchestral music compositions include 1. Concert Overture, 2. Prelude and Fugue in G Minor, 3. Philippines Triumphant, 4. Mindanao Sketches, 5. Symphony in C Major, among others.