Founding of La Liga Filipina to Dapitan Exile PDF

FOUNDING OF LA LIGA FILIPINA July 3, 1892- after his interview with Gov. Despujol, Rizal together with some patriots had a meeting at the home of Doroteo Ongjungco, a Chinese-Filipino mestizo, on Ilaya St., Tondo, Manila.  FOUNDING OF LA LIGA FILIPINA Here, Rizal introduced t...

FOUNDING OF LA LIGA FILIPINA July 3, 1892- after his interview with Gov. Despujol, Rizal together with some patriots had a meeting at the home of Doroteo Ongjungco, a Chinese-Filipino mestizo, on Ilaya St., Tondo, Manila.  FOUNDING OF LA LIGA FILIPINA Here, Rizal introduced the Liga Filipina, a civic league of Filipinos. In attendance were: –Pedro Serrano Laktaw (Panday Pira), a mason and a school teacher –Domingo Franco (Felipe Real), a mason and a shopkeeper  FOUNDING OF LA LIGA FILIPINA Jose A. Ramos (Socorro), an engraver, printer and owner of Bazar Gran Bretana Ambrosio Salvador, gobernadorcillo of Quiapo, a mason Bonifacio Arevalo (Harem), a dentist and mason Deodato Arellano, brother in law of MH Del Pilar and a civilian employee of the army  FOUNDING OF LA LIGA FILIPINA Ambrosio Flores (Musa), a retired lieutenant of infantry Agustin de la Rosa, bookkeeper and mason Luis Villareal, a tailor and mason Faustino Villaruel (Ilaw), a pharmacist and mason Mariano Crisostomo, a landlord Numeriano Adriano (Ipil), a notary public and mason FOUNDING OF LA LIGA FILIPINA – Estanislao Legaspi, an artisan and mason – Teodoro Plata, a court clerk and mason – Andres Bonifacio, a warehouse employee – Apolinario Mabini (Katabay), a lawyer and mason – Juan Zulueta, a playwright, poet, and government employee FOUNDING OF LA LIGA FILIPINA FOUNDING OF LA LIGA FILIPINA The Elected Officers: President: Ambrosio Salvador Secretary: Deodato Arellano Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo Fiscal: Agustin dela Rosa  FOUNDING OF LIGA FILIPINA Aims of the Liga Filipina: 1. To unite the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous, and homogenous body; 2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity; 3. Defense against all violence and injustice; 4. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce; and 5. Study and application of reforms.  LA LIGA FILIPINA Motto: Unus Instar Omnium (One Like All) Governing Body of the La Liga Filipina: ❖ The Supreme Council: the governing body which has control over the whole country – It is composed of the president, secretary, treasurer and fiscal ❖ Provincial Council: formed in every province – The Provincial Council shall have command of the Popular Chiefs. ❖ Popular Council: formed in every town – The Popular Council only shall have command of the members.  DUTIES OF THE LA LIGA MEMBERS: 1. Pay monthly dues of ten centavos. 2. Obey blindly and promptly every order emanating from the Council or the Chief. 3. Inform the Council of whatever they note or hear that has reference to the Liga Filipina. 4. Preserve the most absolute secrecy in regard to the decisions of the Council.  DUTIES OF THE LA LIGA MEMBERS: 5. Help another member in the case of need or danger 6. Each member shall adopt a new name of his own choice 7. Help recruit new members. 8. Treat everyone with respect.  RIZAL’S ARREST AND BANISHMENT July 6, 1892- when Rizal went to Malacañang to resume his interviews with the Gov. Despujol, the latter showed him several printed leaflets allegedly discovered under the pillow of his sister Lucia. These were entitled “Pobres Frailes” which bore the name of the author P. Jacinto. A satire exposing the fabulous wealth of the friars contrary to the vows of poverty.  RIZAL’S ARREST AND BANISHMENT Rizal denied knowledge of the leaflets. However, he was still detained at Fort Santiago. Later, he learned that he would be brought to Bataan, but instead he was banished in Dapitan, a distant military district in Mindanao.  REASONS FOR RIZAL’S DEPORTATION Rizal published books and articles abroad which showed disloyalty to Spain which were anti-Catholic and anti-friar Found bundles of incriminatory leaflets which satirized the friars Published and dedicated his novel El Filibusterismo to the three martyred “traitors”  REASONS FOR RIZAL’S DEPORTATION Between July 14 and 15, 1892- under heavy guard, Rizal was brought to the steamer CEBU to be brought to Dapitan. The Captain of the ship was Capt. Delgras, who upon arrival in Dapitan on July 17, turned him over to Captain Ricardo Carnicero, the Dapitan Commandant. Rizal would stay here until July 31, 1896, a period of four years.  THE DAPITAN EXILE THE DAPITAN EXILE (1892-96) Rizal’s Dapitan Residence  THE DAPITAN EXILE (1892-96) Rizal lived as exile in Dapitan, Zamboanga del Norte, under the aegis of the Jesuits. He was abundantly fruitful with varied achievements: – Practiced medicine – Pursued scientific studies – Kept his literary works – Enhanced linguistic acumen  DAPITAN EXILE (1892-1896) Dapitan Achievements: (Cont.) –Established a school for boys –Promoted community development projects –Invented a brick-making machine –Engaged in farming and commerce  DAPITAN EXILE (1892-1896) Conditions for him to stay at the Parish Convent: Publicly retract errors committed vs. the Church and the government Perform church rites and make general confessions Conduct himself as a model Christian and man  FRIENDSHIP WITH CAPT. CARNICERO Rizal refused to abide with the conditions set by the Jesuit Society. He preferred to stay at the Casa Real, the official residence of the commandant, Capt. Carnicero, his warden. A new friendship developed between them.  FRIENDSHIP WITH CAPT. CARNICERO The relations between Carnicero (the warden) and Rizal (the prisoner) were warm and friendly. Carnicero realized that Rizal was not a common felon, nor a filibuster. He gave good reports on his prisoner to Gov. Despujol. He gave him complete freedom to go anywhere, reporting only once a week at his office.  FRIENDSHIP WITH CAPT. CARNICERO Rizal on his part, admired the kind, and generous Spanish Captain. He wrote a poem, entitled “A Don Ricardo Carnicero,” on August 26, 1892 on the occasion of the captain's birthday. They even shared in buying a Lottery Ticket No. 9736 that won second prize worth P20,000 which was divided between the 3 of them: Capt. Carnicero, Jose Rizal and Francisco Equilor.  FRIENDSHIP WITH CAPT. CARNICERO They divided the prize and got P6,200 each. Rizal gave P2,000 to Jose Ma. Basa in Hongkong, the rest was used to buy farm lands in Talisay, Dapitan. Capt. Carnicero Dr. Jose Rizal BIRTH OF THE KATIPUNAN Right after Rizal was deported to Dapitan, the Liga members had a meeting to discuss the future of the organization The group of patriots was divided into two factions: 1. The Los Compromisarios -those who are conservative members of the La Liga Filipina and still willing to demand reforms and compromise with the Spanish government. BIRTH OF THE KATIPUNAN 2. The Separatists -patriots who wanted to launch an armed rebellion to achieve independence from the colonizers. On July 7, 1891, the Katipunan was founded on Azcarraga St. (C.M. Recto) in the house of Deodato Arellano. – Founders of KKK were: Andres Bonifacio Teodoro Plata Ladislao Diwa  RIZAL-PASTELLS RELIGIOUS DEBATES Fr. Pablo Pastells sent Rizal a book Sarda advising the latter to refrain from being proud and too judgmental Rizal’s letters revealed his anti-Catholic ideas caused by the abuses committed against his family and people He criticized the friars for using their religious authority to oppress and abuse other people  RIZAL-PASTELLS RELIGIOUS DEBATES He said that individual judgment is a gift from God and everyone should use it to light his way; that self-esteem if used moderately, saves man from unworthy acts. He further argued that pursuit of truth has different paths, thus, religions may vary, but they all lead to the light.  RIZAL-PASTELLS RELIGIOUS DEBATES Fr. Pastells tried to win back Rizal to the fold of Catholicism. He admonished Rizal that divine faith supersedes everything: reason, self-esteem and individual judgment. No matter how intelligent a man is, his intelligence is limited; he still needs God’s guidance. He failed to convince Rizal  AN ABORTED DUEL Juan Lardet, a French businessman who was a personal acquaintance of Rizal had a quarrel that almost ended up in a duel. Reason: – Lardet bought logs from Rizal – Found some of the logs to be of poor quality – Accused Rizal as a cheater  AN ABORTED DUEL Lardet wrote a letter to Antonio Miranda, a Dapitan merchant expressing disgust over the business deal he had with Rizal Miranda sent the letter to Rizal Rizal confronted Lardet and challenged him to a duel The Frenchman asked for an apology  JESUIT MISSION: “WIN RIZAL BACK” Fr. Pastells instructed two Jesuit fathers to proceed to Mindanao on a mission “Win Rizal Back to the Catholic fold” –Fr. Obach, Dapitan parish priest –Fr. Jose Vilaclara, Dipolog parish priest Fr. Francisco Sanchez was also assigned to proceed to Dapitan.  JESUIT MISSION: “WIN RIZAL BACK” Fr. Sanchez was chosen by the Jesuit superiors being a well-liked professor of Rizal He wasn’t able to persuade Rizal He respected whatever Rizal believed in Rizal gave Fr. Sanchez a manuscript “Estudios Sobre la Lengua Tagala” on the latter’s birthday. DAPITAN MEDICAL PRACTICE Dr. Jose Rizal treated both the rich and the poor patients coming from everywhere. He treated the poor free of charge while the rich are asked payments for consultation and medicine. His name became famous here and abroad.  RIZAL’S COMMUNITY PROJECTS 1. Developed the Dapitan Municipal Park i. Clean and green ii. Beautification iii. A Relief Map 2. Equipped the town with a lighting system using coconut oil 3. Constructed the first water system using bamboo pipelines RELIEF MAP OF MINDANAO  RIZAL, THE EDUCATOR AND SCIENTIST Rizal believed in the power of education in the human transformation. In 1893, he established a school for boys for free.  RIZAL, THE EDUCATOR AND SCIENTIST He also engaged in scientific researches: collecting various species of plant and animal life which he sent to his friends abroad. – the Draco rizali, a small lizard popularly known as a flying dragon; – Apogonia rizali, a rare kind of beetle; and – the Rhacophorus rizali, a peculiar frog species.  RIZAL, THE INVENTOR AND SCULPTOR As an inventor, Rizal made a lighter that ignites through stones; and a brick maker machine. As an artist, he carved a number of sculptures: “The Mother’s Revenge”  RIZAL, THE INVENTOR AND SCULPTOR 1. “The Mother’s Revenge” a tribute to his dog Syria, whose child was killed by a crocodile 2. “The Dapitan Girl” 3. Josephine’s Image 4. Busts of Fr. Guerrico and St. Paul  RIZAL, THE AGRICULTURIST AND ENTREPRENEUR Rizal purchased about 70 hectares of land in Talisay, Dapitan. He diligently farmed these lands with the help of his helpers. The plants include coconuts, abaca, cacao, corn, sugarcane and fruit trees. He also bought a fishpond His business partner was Ramon Carreon RIZAL’S INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES A lighter called "sulpakan" which he gave to a friend as a birthday gift RIZAL’S INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES  PERIOD OF PAIN Unhappy Days in Dapitan – He missed his family; until his mother, three sisters and nephews arrived and stayed with him – He was sad because of the plight of his family, the country and the people – He had no opportunity to see Leonor when she died in August 1893  PERIOD OF PAIN A Beautiful Stranger – In his darkest moments in Dapitan, an 18-year old Irish girl arrived in Dapitan – She’s Josephine Bracken, whose mother died in childbirth. – She is adopted by Mr. George Taufer, who later became blind. – The two came to the Philippines to have Mr. Taufer’s eyes be cured  DAPITAN WRITINGS “Himno a Talisay” (Hymn to the Talisay Tree) – a hymn/poem written in tribute to a tree to which a town was named after; where Rizal often stayed. Rizal and his students have always used the talisay tree as a meeting place In gratitude, the students would always sing the hymn.  DAPITAN WRITINGS “Mi Retiro” (My Retreat) –depicts Rizal’s life as an exile in Dapitan “Canto del Viajero” (Song of the Traveler) – a poem celebrating his renewed opportunity to travel abroad and end of his exile in Dapitan