ARCH 212 Social & Behavioural Factors in Design Final Exam PDF

# ARCH 212 Social & Behavioural Factors in Design Notebook ## Week 1 * Which of the following views the natural environment from the perspective of how it meets human needs? __Anthropocentrism__ * Which of the following scholars proposed biophilia theory? __Edward Wilson__ * Minimum clear width,...

# ARCH 212 Social & Behavioural Factors in Design Notebook ## Week 1 * Which of the following views the natural environment from the perspective of how it meets human needs? __Anthropocentrism__ * Which of the following scholars proposed biophilia theory? __Edward Wilson__ * Minimum clear width, single wheelchair passage at a point? __32 inches__ * Minimum width for knee space for a person in a wheelchair? __3 feet__ **Design for urban spaces** * Sittable space * Relationships with the streets * Sun * Food * Water * Trees * Triangulation of activities ## Week 2 **How do we value nature?** * Egocentrism - Preservation * Anthropocentrism - How it meets human needs * Ecocentrism - For its own sake **Why do we like nature?** * Biophilia hypothesis- Instinctive bond between human and nature * Stress reduction- Nature reduces stress * Attention restoration- More attention after nature **What kind of nature do we like?** * Refuge and Prospect * Men favor refuge * Women favor prospect * Berlyne's Aesthetic Complexity ## Week 3 **Concept of Biophilic Design** * Novelty * Incognurity * Suprisigness * Kaplan and Kaplan Preference Model * Coherence - Making sense * Legibility - Related to safety * Mystery - Promises for more * Complexity - Richness **Affective Appraisal** | | | | |---|---|---| | Hectic. | Arousing | | | Tense. | Exciting | | | Repulsive. | Active | Stimulation | | Unpleasant | | Beautiful | | Unpleasant | | Pleasant | | | | Nice | | Unstimulating | | Serene | | Boring. | | Peaceful | | Lazy. | Slow | Tranqull | | | Not Arousing | | ## Week 4 The effort to bring nature into building design because people feel connected w/ nature. * Reduce stress * Improve cognitive function * Creativity * Improve wellbeing and healing **Personal space** * Body buffer zone * Personal space * Interpersonal boundary * Regulation mechanism **Functions of personal space** * Protection * Communication **Halls Spatial Zones** | Zone | Distance | |---|---| | Intimate | 1.5 feet | | Personal | 1.5-4 feet| | Social | 4-12 feet | | Public | 12 feet or more | | Counseling | 5 feet | Personal space is NOT circular **What influences personal space?** * Situational conditions * Individual differences * Physical conditions * Spatial zones and goal fulfillment * Formal business distance 7-12 feet * Counseling 5 feet or more * Territoriality 5 feet or more **Personal space** * Invisible * Mobile **Territories** * Visible * Stationary * Ownership * Primary (home) - Most * Secondary (classroom) * Public (territory) - Least (beach) **Design implication of territoriality** * Allows for occupation ## Week 5 **Environmental perception and linear perspective** * Size, depth, and distance **Forced Perspective** **System approach** * Interaction of environmental stimuli, personality of the receiver ## Week 6 **Cognition** * Gestalt psychology * Whole greater than parts. Ex: flip book * Similarity * Continuation * Closure * Figure and ground * Proximity **Cognitive mapping operates together to reinforce each other in the total system.** * Paths * Edges * Nodes * Districts * Landmarks **Wayfinding** * Locate the entrance. * Avoid complicated floor plans, irregular angles, and many turns. * Interior landmarks. * Atriums, large interior spaces. * Corridor window views to the outside. * Easy to read maps. * Comprehensive terms ensure a smooth wayfinding system. ## Week 6-7 **Data** * **Qualitative** * Normally more * (4) * Going up * **Quantitative** * Normally less * (3) * Going down **Variables** * **Dependent** * **Independent** **Basic building blocks of quantitative research.** * **Possible types of research** ## Week 8-10 **Understanding Aging** * **Sensory loss and changing perception** * Vision * More light and contrast. * Hearing * Low pitch sounds * Touch * Taste * Smell **Physiological changes** * Decline of central nervous system and cognitive functions. * Decline of muscular and skeletal system. * Reduced ability to adapt to temperature changes. * Disease. * Arthritis, rheumatism, heart disease, high blood pressure, Alzheimer. * Mobility problems * Reliance on walkers/ wheelchairs. **Design for decreased vision** * **Colors BEST for elderly** * Bright colors in the orange-yellow-red spectrum. * **Colors WORST for elderly** * Darker colors in the blue-green spectrum. ## Week 12 **Design for childrens physical, mental, and social development** **Childrens stages** * Sensorimotor * Birth - 2 years old * Pre-operational * 2 - 7 years old * Concrete operational * 7-11 years old * Formal operational * 11 and older * Age appropriate * Design for play and development * Safe and fun ## Week 13 **Design for playgrounds** * Safe and fun! ## Additional Notes: This notebook describes the content of ARCH 212, a course that teaches design principles related to social and behavioral factors. The content covers topics like: * **Biophilic design** * **Understanding human perception and behavior** * **Designing for specific user groups** such as the elderly and children The notebook includes various notes, concepts, diagrams, and even specific design guidelines, which can be used to inform future design projects.