Untitled Quiz

Study Notes

Anthropocentrism: Perspective viewing the natural environment based on human needs.
Edward Wilson: Proposed the biophilia theory.
Wheelchair Passage Minimum Width: 32 inches.
Knee Space Minimum Width (Wheelchair): 3 feet.
Design for Urban Spaces:
- Sittable space
- Relationships with streets
- Sun
- Food
- Water
- Trees
- Triangulation of Activities

Nature Valuation:
- Anthropocentrism: Values nature for its usefulness to humans.
- Ecocentrism: Values nature for its own sake.
Nature Appreciation:
- Biophilia Hypothesis: Suggests an instinctive connection between humans and nature.
- Stress Reduction: Nature can reduce stress and improve attention.
Nature Preferences:
- Refuges and Prospects.
- Berlyne's Aesthetic Complexity

Kaplan and Kaplan Preference Model: Focuses on the cognitive factors in how people experience nature.
Affective Appraisal:
- Arousing/Hectic
- Tense/Repulsive
- Active
- Interesting
- Stimulating
- Pleasant
- Boring/Unstimulating
- Lazy/Slow
- Serene/Peaceful/Tranquil

Nature in Design: Use of nature within the built environment benefits people's health.
Stress Reduction: Use of nature in design reduces stress, improves cognitive function, creativity, and wellbeing.
Personal Space:
- Body Buffer Zone; Personal space.
- Interpersonal Boundary Regulation Mechanism
- Functions of personal space
  - Protection
  - Communication

Personal Space: Defined by factors including situational conditions, individual differences, and physical attributes.
Spatial Zones:
- Formal business distance (7–12 feet).
- Counseling (5 feet).
- Territories; Primary (most), Secondary, and Public (least).
Territoriality: Implies implied claims on space to manage interactions.
Environmental Perception: Includes linear perspective, size, and distance.
Ways of representing space: Linear Perspective, size, depth and distance, Forced perspective, and system approach of environmental interaction

Wayfinding: Designing for easy navigation in built environments.
Environmental Cognition: People cognitively process environmental elements and create spatial representations.
Cognitive Processes: Including Gestalt psychology concepts such as, Similarity, Continuity, Closure, Proximity, Figure/Ground, and Cognitive Mapping to design environments that reinforce ease and overall cognitive interaction.
Gestalt Psychology: Highlights the whole's being greater than the sum of the parts.
Factors in wayfinding: Irregular angles, turns, interior landmarks (atriums, wide interior spaces, corridors), outside views, Easy to read maps, and comprehensive wayfinding systems.
Data Types: Qualitative and Quantitative.

Understanding Aging: Addressing the needs of older adults.
Sensory Loss (aging considerations): Vision (increased light and contrast needed), hearing (low pitch may be better). Touch, and taste.
Experimental Studies: Pre-tests, post-tests, and random assignment of subjects.

Design for Children: considers physical and social development (ages and stages). Sensorimotor (birth to 2 years), preoperational (ages 2-7), concrete operational (age 7-11), formal operational (age 11 and beyond).
Accessibility and Design: Incorporating smooth surfaces and ramps. (slope (1:12), Max Rise (30″), Wheelchair Clearance (36″), and turning radius (5′).

Design for elderly:
- Sensory Changes.
- Physiological changes (decline of central nervous system and cognitive functions, muscular and skeletal system, and temperature).
- Mobility problems (reliance on walkers, wheelchairs)
- Health Conditions/Disorders: (Arthritis, rheumatism, heart disease, high blood pressure, Alzheimer's disease).
Optimal Colors for Seniors
Bright, warm colors for elderly vision: Orange, yellow, and red.
Darker, less saturated colors can result in decreased perception.