F24_Wright PRACTICE Exam 2 BIOL 107 PDF

BIOL107 PRACTICE EXAM 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following most accurately describes the chromosome(s) shown below? A) pair of duplic...

BIOL107 PRACTICE EXAM 2 MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following most accurately describes the chromosome(s) shown below? A) pair of duplicated, homologous chromosomes B) pair of unduplicated, homologous chromosomes C) pair of unduplicated, non-homologous chromosomes D) pair of duplicated, non-homologous chromosomes 2) G0 is associated with which of the following cellular events? A) DNA replication B) the beginning of mitosis C) break down of the nuclear membrane D) normal growth and cell function 3) Which phase of the cell cycle is show in the picture below? A) interphase B) cytokinesis C) mitosis D) meiosis 4) Which of the following describes the correct order of events taking place during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle? 1. mitotic spindle breaks down 2. spindle microtubules attach to each sister chromatid 3. cleavage furrow forms 4. chromosomes line up 5. chromosomes are pulled toward opposite polls 6. chromosomes condense and become visible A) 3, 6, 4, 2, 5, 1 B) 2, 6, 4, 5, 1, 3 C) 6, 2, 4, 5, 1, 3 D) 1, 2, 4, 5, 3, 6 E) 6, 4, 5, 1, 3, 2 5) Use the diagram of a replication fork shown below to answer the following question. What does the letter "F" represent in the diagram? A) Okazaki fragment B) primer C) polymerase D) leading strand 6) Physical separation of the cytoplasm and its components into two daughter cells is called ____________________. A) cell furrowing B) cleavage furrow C) cell plate divison D) cytokinesis E) cellular kinesis 7) Using the template strand shown below to complete the complementary DNA strand. 5'- A G C T T A C G T C - 3' A) 5' - G A T C C G T A C T - 3' B) 3' - T C G A A T G C A G - 5' C) 5' - T C G A A T G C A G - 3' D) 3' - G A T C C G T A C T - 5' 8) What was the famous photograph 51 used for? A) to identify which nucleotides are complementary B) to demonstrate the principles of heredity C) to develop the double-helical model of DNA D) to prove that DNA was the hereditary material 9) How does DNA replication differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? A) Prokaryotes only use one DNA strand as a template. B) Each eukaryotic chromosome contains multiple origins of replication. C) DNA replication in eukaryotes is much faster. D) In prokaryotes, the new DNA molecule is synthesized 3' --> 5'. 10) Use the table provided to determine the first four amino acids that would be synthesized from the above sequence. A) glutamine - tyrosine - threonine - alanine B) methionine - isoleucine - asparagine - valine C) methionine - alanine - phenylalanine - proline D) valine - isoleucine - tryptophan - arginine 11) Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix? A) helicase B) topoisomerase C) ligase D) primase 12) How much DNA is present in a cell during the G1 phase? A) none of the above B) two copies C) one copy D) half 13) At which checkpoint, does the cell check that spindle fibers are attached to each sister chromatid? A) M checkpoint B) G1 checkpoint C) G2 checkpoint D) S checkpoint 14) Which of the following is an anti-codon that would be associated with the amino acid glycine? A) GGA B) GGG C) CCC D) GGC 15) DNA replication is "semi-conservative". What does this mean? A) one new DNA molecule consists of the two parent strands and the other the newly synthesized strands B) both DNA strands are used as a template C) only a few mistakes are made and not corrected D) the new DNA strand is synthesized using complementary bases 16) Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the structure of DNA? A) The backbone of DNA is held together by hydrogen bonds. B) Nucleotides are the building blocks of DNA. C) Chromatin is composed of DNA wrapped around proteins. D) DNA is double stranded, directional, and antiparallel. 17) Which of the following does NOT accurately describe prokaryotic and eukaryotic chromosomes? A) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes utilize the same nucleotides and share the same genetic code. B) Prokaryotic chromosomes are circular, and eukaryotic chromosomes are linear. C) Prokaryotic chromosomes are made of single stranded DNA, and eukaryotic chromosomes are made of double stranded DNA. D) Prokaryotic cells have a single chromosome and eukaryotic cells have multiple chromosomes. 18) What is the human genome project? A) a global initiative to clone a human using the human genome B) an international effort to prove that DNA is the hereditary material within a cell C) global research project with the goal of identifying the function of every human gene D) international research project aimed at mapping and sequencing the human genome 19) How many chromosomes does a human diploid cell have? A) 23 B) 21 C) 46 D) 42 20) According to the central dogma, genetic information flows from A) DNA to RNA to proteins B) proteins to RNA to DNA C) DNA to proteins to RNA D) RNA to DNA to proteins 21) A normal positive cell regulator gene that becomes mutated and allows for uncontrolled cell proliferation is called a(n) A) proto-oncogene B) oncosuppressor gene C) oncogene D) tumor suppressor gene E) proto-suppressor gene 22) Different versions of the same gene are known as ______________. A) homologous genes B) traits C) non-homologous genes D) alleles 23) During which phase of mitosis, does the nuclear envelop reform around decondensing chromosomes? A) telophase B) prometaphase C) prophase D) anaphase 24) Which of the following best describes sister chromatids? A) Sister chromatids are only produced during mitosis not during meiosis. B) SIster chromatids contain the same genes but may have different alleles. C) Sister chromatids are the same size and shape but may have different genes. D) Sister chromatids are identical copies of the same chromosome. 25) Guanine is a _______________ and is complementary to _______________. A) pyrimidine; cytosine B) purine; cytosine C) pyrimidine; adenine D) purine; adenine 26) True or False? Chromosome number is indicative of complexity. A) False B) True 27) A single-stranded RNA molecule that carries specific amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis is A) siRNA B) mRNA C) rRNA D) tRNA 28) Which phase of mitosis is shown in the diagram below? A) prometaphase B) prophase C) anaphase D) metaphase 29) Examine the diagram shown below. What structure is labeled A? A) centrosome B) centriole C) centromere D) spindle apparatus 30) How are errors in DNA replication repaired? A) By DNA polymerase proofreading and replacing incorrect nucleotides. B) By DNA ligase removing the damaged segment and replacing it with correct nucleotides. C) Errors in DNA replication are not repaired. D) By RNA polymerase synthesizing a complementary RNA stand to correct the error. 31) How does gene expression differ between prokaryotes and eukaryotes? A) Transcription and translation take place simultaneously in prokaryotes. B) Prokaryotic mRNAs are modified before being translated. C) Eukaryotes perform translation in the nucleus. D) Prokaryotic genes contain introns and exons that are spliced. 32) The genetic code is often described as _______________ and _______________. A) reliable; unambiguous B) variable; universal C) complementary; hereditary D) highly conserved; redundant 33) Which of the following is a consequence of RNA splicing? A) Multiple RNAs can be produced from a single gene. B) The 5' cap is eliminated from the RNA molecule. C) Additional stop codons are introduced into the RNA sequence. D) It allows RNA to be transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. 34) How many amino acids will the protein made from this sequence have? 5' - G U U A U A U G G C G U U U C C G C A U A G C U A A G U U C - 3' A) 7 B) 6 C) 8 D) 10 35) What is the primary role of DNA polymerase III? A) DNA polymerase III uses parental DNA as a template to synthesize a new DNA strand. B) DNA polymerase III synthesizes mRNA from a template strand of DNA. C) DNA polymerase III replaces the RNA primers with DNA nucleotides. D) DNA polymerase III synthesizes an RNA primer at the beginning of each new fragment of DNA. 36) What is the purpose of mitosis? A) to produce four genetically unique daughter cells B) to produce four genetically identical daughter cells C) to produce two genetically identical daughter cells D) to produce two genetically unique daughter cells 37) What is transcription? A) DNA synthesis under the direction of DNA B) RNA synthesis under the direction of DNA C) protein synthesis under the direction of DNA D) protein synthesis under the direction of RNA 38) Prokaryotic cells reproduce by A) mitosis B) cleavage furrow C) meiosis D) binary fission E) mitotic fusion 39) Which of the following statements does NOT accurately describe the human genome? A) Only about 2% of the human genome codes for proteins. B) The size of the human genome is about 3 billion base pairs. C) The human genome has apprixmately 90,000 genes. D) The human genome includes 22 pairs of autosomes and a set of sex chromosomes. 40) During the cell cycle, which phase is characterized by cell growth and duplication of organelles? A) G2 phase B) G0 phase C) G1 phase D) S phase  1) A 2) D 3) B 4) C 5) A 6) D 7) B 8) C 9) B 10) C 11) A 12) C 13) A 14) C 15) B 16) A 17) C 18) D 19) C 20) A 21) C 22) D 23) A 24) D 25) B 26) A 27) D 28) D 29) C 30) A 31) A 32) D 33) A 34) B 35) A 36) C 37) B 38) D 39) C 40) A