European Colonies in North America PDF

European colonies in north America Review questions What’s the meaning of colonies? Why the Europeans want to discover north America ? Which countries were found in north America ? The biggening of the colonies During 1600s France , England , Netherlands and Sweden joined Spain t...

European colonies in north America Review questions What’s the meaning of colonies? Why the Europeans want to discover north America ? Which countries were found in north America ? The biggening of the colonies During 1600s France , England , Netherlands and Sweden joined Spain to settle some colonies in north America they tried to discover the treasures of those countries such as gold and water passages to Asia But they felt disappointed when they didn’t find anything like that in those countries, even though they have a big profit by growing tobacco in Virginia and fishing of the north Atlantic coast New France England, France, and Spain controlled large parts of North America. Their colonies differed from each other in a number of ways. New France By 1500s the French ships crossed the Atlantic every year towards Canada , after 200 years France occupied nearly the half of north America There was an expression called new France after the French rulers were distracted by wars and conflicts New France French explorer Jacques Cartier found that the St. Lawrence River was a gateway into a vast territory of rich forests, with an abundance of fish and animals that could provide wealth from trade. Photo credits: De Agostini/SuperStock New France The French travelers , fur traders and explorers gradually traveled inland with the help of the native Americans who allies the rival native ones and the French people tried with a little success to convert the native Americans to Christianity New France After that there ware many French settlers in north America but the French population there was going so slowly because the wealthy land lords gave the people there many lands and areas along side St. Lawrence river but there was a problem , the harsh Canadian climate with long winters attracted few French farmers they can’t farm with this climate New France There were many industries in the colonies there like fur trading and selling this fur with low prices and also fishing was an important industry to fish and export to Europe Economic growth and royal power King louis XIV boosted the revenue and income by collecting taxes overseas from all the empire’s colonies He also sends soldiers and women to north America The expanding from Quebec to Louisiana increased more than before but it still small compared to the English colonies along side the Atlantic coast The English colonies England started to establish their permenant colonies in north America to expand fishing industry and have many land alongside the Atlantic coast Reasons for coming to the USA. Some people didn’t like the Church of England. They wanted the Church to be more pure. These people were called Puritans. They decided to start a colony in the North East part of the USA. English colonies Jamestown The English built their first permanent colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. Its early years were filled with disaster. Many settlers died of starvation and disease. The rest survived with the help of friendly Native Americans. Plymouth In 1620, another group of English settlers landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts. They were Pilgrims, or English Protestants who rejected the Church of England. They sought religious freedom rather than commercial profit. Before coming ashore, they signed the Mayflower Compact, in which they set out guidelines for governing their North American colony. A compact is an agreement among people. Today, we see this document as an important early step toward self-government. Many Pilgrims died in the early years of the Plymouth colony. Local Native Americans, however, taught them to grow corn and helped them survive in the new land. Soon, a new wave of English Protestant immigrants arrived to establish the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Mayflower compact The New England Colonies Massachusetts (Maine) New Hampshire Massachusetts Connecticut Rhode Island Picture Credit: http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/OakViewES/harris/97- 98/america/colonization/colonies-ne/ne-intro.html  Middle Colonies NY The Middle colonies PA included: NJ New York (NY) , New Jersey (NJ) , DE Delaware (DE), and Pennsylvania (PA). Picture Credit: http://www.socialstudiesforkids.com/graphics/13mapnew.htm Climate Good farming land (grains) Livestock, rivers and hills. Harbors. Picture Credit: www.greenworks.tv/efp/ Lan_Farm_Trust.htm  MD VA Southern Colonies NC The Southern Colonies SC included: Maryland (MD), Virginia (VA), GA North Carolina (NC), South Carolina (SC), and Georgia (GA). Southern Colonies Climate Rich land, plenty of rain & a long growing season. Coastal plains, swamps, forests, harbors. Picture Credit: www.ipgri.cgiar.org/networks/ cogent/gallery.htm Enslaved African Americans Enslaved African Americans live through out English colonies most live in southern colonies they raised labor intensive crop such as sugar , rice and tobacco Roots of democracy limited self government Limited Self-Government Like the rulers of Spain and France, English monarchs asserted control over their American colonies. They appointed royal governors to oversee colonial affairs and had Parliament pass laws to regulate colonial trade. Yet, compared with settlers in the Spanish and French colonies, English colonists enjoyed a large degree of self-government. Each colony had its own representative assembly, elected by men who owned property, that advised the governor and made decisions on local issues. Power struggle begins y the 1600s, Spain, France, England, and the Netherlands all had colonies in North America. They began to fight—both in the colonies and around the world—to protect and expand their interests., A Race for Colonies By the late 1600s, French claims included present- day Canada as well as much of the present-day central United States. The Spanish had moved north, making claims to present-day Texas and Florida. Meanwhile, the English and Dutch maintained colonies along the East Coast. Native Americans throughout the colonies entered the conflict, hoping to play the Europeans against one another. Competition was also fierce in the Caribbean, as European nations fought to acquire the profitable sugar-producing colonies. By the 1700s, the French and English Caribbean islands, worked by enslaved Africans, had surpassed the whole of North America in exports to Europe. France and England fight Britain and France in a Global Struggle By the 1700s, Britain and France emerged as bitter rivals for power around the globe. Their clashes in Europe often ignited conflicts in the Caribbean, North America, India, and Africa. In 1754, fighting broke out between the French and British in North America. In the British colonies, it marked the beginning of the French and Indian War. By 1756, that regional conflict was linked to the Seven Years’ War in Europe. The war soon spread to India and other parts of the globe. Although France held more territory in North America, the British colonies had more people. Trappers, traders, and farmers from the British colonies were pushing west into the Ohio Valley, a region claimed by France. The French, who had forged alliances with Native Americans, fought to oust the intruders. Colonies expansion Treaty of Paris During the war, British soldiers and colonial troops launched a series of campaigns against the French in Canada and on the Ohio frontier. In 1759, the British captured Quebec, capital of New France, and then Montreal. Although the war dragged on until 1763, the British had won control of Canada. The 1763 Treaty of Paris officially ended the worldwide war and ensured British dominance in North America. France ceded all of Canada and its lands east of the Mississippi River to Britain. It handed the Louisiana Territory over to Spain. However, France did regain the rich sugar-producing islands in the Caribbean and the slave-trading outposts in Africa that the British had seized during the war.