Eng Reviewer 1st (1) PDF

Note: This information was taken from the module, ppts, and personal notes, if you wish to add anything, edit a copy :) Thank you and goodluck! My Name - Magoleng wa Selepe 1 Look what they have done to my name… 2 the wonderful name of my great-great-grandmother 3 Nomgqibelo Ncamisile Mnqhibisa 4 Th...

Note: This information was taken from the module, ppts, and personal notes, if you wish to add anything, edit a copy :) Thank you and goodluck! My Name - Magoleng wa Selepe 1 Look what they have done to my name… 2 the wonderful name of my great-great-grandmother 3 Nomgqibelo Ncamisile Mnqhibisa 4 The burly bureaucrat was surprised 5 What he heard was music to his ears 6 ‘Wat is daai, se nou weer?’ 7 ‘I am from Chief Daluxo Velayigodle of emalu podweni 8 And my name is Nomgqibelo Ncamisile Mnqhibisa.’ 9 Messia, help me! 10 My name is simple 11 And yet so meaningful 12 But to this man it is trash….. 13 He gives me a name 14 Convenient enough to answer his whim… 15 I end up being 16 Maria… 17 I… 18 Nomgqibelo Ncamisile Mnqhibisa Discussion: 1. She was proud of her name for 2 reasons. - 1) from an ancestor 2) proud of her culture 2. Lines 1-3 suggest that she is one to value her name and her forebears 3. She is a christian suggested from line 9 “Messiah” 4. While denotation shows that burly means strong and heavy-built, it connotes that the bureaucrat also wields power, 5. The bureaucrat was able to change her name because of power. The man thought her name was trash. 6. The bureaucrat (a government employee), can represent The White Man. 7. The use of direct comparison (the name to trash) “but to this man it is trash” is called a metaphor. 8. The effective use of diction (choice of words) creates a powerful effect on a text. In this poem, the word trash captures the feeling of the persona with the name change to Maria when for her, her original native name works and is beautiful. 9. Lines 4-5 - This line may indicate the speaker’s bias towards her name as demonstrated by the inherent clicking of the Xhosa language (clicking sound in their language. As to the bureaucrat's appreciation, it may be unlikely. 10. Lines 16-18 - In writing, ellipses (...) signify omission or a pause (when reading). In the beginning of the text, the persona shows resistance (lines 1-12). It is likely because of the omission of who she is by changing her name, the ellipses becomes a submission or a powerlessness for the situation. Apartheid - racial segregation in South Africa for 50 years - separating whites, blacks, indians, and colored - limited rights for non-whites and there was legalized slavery - “separateness” for the Afrikaans - 148 laws which include: - blacks had to carry an id permit at all times and had a curfew to obey - public facilities were separated for the whites and non-whites - the prohibition of mixed marriages - illegal for workers to strike - separate education for whites and non-whites, mandatory to end studying at 13 - banning a specific racial or ethnic group from access to certain meetings and unions Cultural Emancipation - liberation of individuals from cultural norms, practices, and structures that may be restrictive, oppressive, or limiting. The Secret Language - Luisa Igloria 1 I have learned your speech, 26 That I will never see. 2 Fair stranger; for you 27 I cook for tourists at an inn; 3 I have oiled my hair 28 They praise my lemon pie 4 And coiled it tight 29 And my English, which they say 5 Into a braid as thick 30 Is faultless. I smile 6 And beautiful as the serpent 31 And look past the window, 7 In your story of Eden. 32 Imagining father’s and grandfather’s cattle 8 For you, I have covered 33 Grazing by the smoke trees. 9 My breasts and hidden, 34 But it is evening, and these 10 Among the folds of my surrendered 35 Are ghosts. 11 Inheritance, the beads 36 In the night, 12 I have worn since girlhood. 37 When I am alone at last, 13 It is fifty years now 38 I lie uncorseted 14 Since the day my father 39 Upon the iron bed, 15 Took me to the school in Bua, 40 Composing my lost beads 16 A headman’s terrified 41 Over my chest, dreaming back 17 Peace-gift. In the doorway, 42 Each flecked and opalescent 18 The teacher stood, her hair 43 Color, crooning the names, 19 The bleached color of corn, 44 Along with mine: 20 Watching with bird-eyes. 45 Binaay, Binaay. 21 Now, I am Christina. 22 I am told I can make lace 23 Fine enough to lay upon the altar 24 Of a cathedral in Europe. 25 But this is a place Discussion: 1. The fair stranger are the Americans & Thomasites 2. Her “surrendered inheritance” is her culture which are the beads 3. She is nostalgic about her cultural heritage and lost identity. 4. Binaay is the speaker’s native name, one that has been “erased” with the coming of the Americans. The shifting of Binaay to Cristina may have been a result of her occupation as well. 5. It was entitled The Secret Language because it refers to the inner, unspoken world of the speaker’s cultural identity, memories, and emotions that have been hidden or suppressed over time. What’s in a name? - personal names serve many purposes for the namer and for the named - cultural traditions dictate the extent of commemorative name-giving What’s in a name that which we call a rose by any other name would smell as sweet? - this means that even if you change the name of the rose, it would still have its essence and it would still be the rose I know and like Local Color - presentation of the features and peculiarities of a particular locality and its inhabitants in writing Gentleman of the Jungle - Jomo Kenyatta Once upon a time an elephant made friends with a man. One day a heavy thunderstorm broke out, the elephant went to his friend, who had a little hut at the edge of the forest, and asked if he could share the shade with his friend. The man allowed this, but the elephant’s huge body flung the man out in the rain. The elephant dismissively claims that the man has “harder skin” and can manage the rain. Thus began a heated argument over the possession of the little hut. With the peace of the land disturbed came the Lion, who proclaimed himself as the King of the Jungle. The Lion decides that a Commission on Enquiry should look into the matter. The man was pleased that there was a Commission to decide on the dispute but was disappointed in knowing that there was no man in the Commission. The man was very pleased by the sweet words from the King of the Jungle, and innocently waited for his opportunity, in the belief that naturally the hut would be returned to him. A man protests the lack of representation from his side in a commission that is meant to investigate a matter. He is told that including someone from his side is impossible because no one is educated enough to understand the complexities of the law. The commission assures him that he has nothing to fear because its members are reputable, impartial gentlemen, chosen by God to protect those who are less powerful. They promise to conduct a thorough and fair investigation. After hearing mostly the side of Mr. Elephant, the commission decided that the hut will be occupied by the Elephant. They also suggested that the man is allowed to build another hut suited to his needs. Fearing the animals’ teeth and claws, the man did as they suggested. Unfortunately, his new hut is now taken over by Mr. Rhinoceros. Another Commision was called to investigate and the same finding was given. The man built a bigger and better hut and all the animals entered the abode. This resulted in a commotion as to which animal it belonged to. While they were busy arguing with each other, the man set the hut on fire, jungle lords and all. “Peace is costly, but it's worth the expense.” - achieving and maintaining peace requires significant effort, sacrifice, and resources. What is ironic about the title? - Elephant to the man: “My dear good friend, your skin is harder than mine, and as there is not enough room for both of us, you can afford to remain in the rain while I am protecting my delicate skin from the hailstorm.” (par 1) - In our opinion this dispute has arisen through a regrettable misunderstanding due to the backwardness of your ideas. We consider that Mr Elephant has fulfilled his sacred duty of protecting your interests. (par 5) * Pachyderm - animal with thick skin Instant Justice - Tewfik al-Hakim The story describes a court session presided over by a hurried and indifferent judge. The narrator, a prosecutor, observes how the judge swiftly and dismissively handles cases without fully hearing defendants or considering their circumstances. Minor misdemeanors are addressed hastily with fines, while more serious cases, such as assault and theft, are rushed through with little deliberation. The defendants, often poor and uneducated, struggle to understand the legal procedures and are harshly sentenced for crimes they don’t comprehend. The judge’s primary concern is not justice but maintaining speed, even finalizing cases at the train station before leaving town. The narrative critiques the bureaucratic and impersonal nature of the legal system, where efficiency and appearances outweigh fairness and consideration for the human beings involved. Speed and Dismissiveness of the Judge: - The judge quickly delivers sentences without hearing full testimonies or giving defendants a fair chance to defend themselves (lines 9-18). This emphasizes the inefficiency and insensitivity of the legal system. The Unjust Nature of Punishments: - An old man is punished for eating his own wheat, a crime he doesn’t understand (lines 19-22). This highlights the disparity between formal legal crimes and the realities of rural poverty. Incomprehensibility of the Law to Defendants: - Defendants, often poor and illiterate, are expected to understand complex legal codes like the Napoleonic code, which are completely foreign to them (lines 23-26). This shows the alienation of ordinary people from the legal system. The Judge’s Priorities: - The judge is more concerned with catching the train on time than dispensing fair justice (lines 27-33). The scene of rushing after the judge at the train station underscores his lack of genuine concern for justice. “Good meat, sir – ribs and kidneys!”, is significant because it highlights the judge’s skewed priorities and the corruption or complacency within the judicial system. After rushing through the cases and dismissing the appeals in a hurried manner, the judge is more focused on receiving his basket of provisions, which includes food items like meat, eggs, butter, and cheese, from the local supplier, Sha ban. The last line emphasizes the triviality of the judge's personal concerns compared to the gravity of the legal matters at hand, underscoring the story's critique of the corrupt and impersonal nature of the justice system. What is needed to make a decision fair? For he had stolen no man’s wheat. It is true that the usher had visited him and “reserved” hiswheat, appointing him as its trustee until such time as he paid the Government tax. But the pangs of hunger had seized him violently – him and his family; but who could possibly regard him as a thief on that account and punish him for stealing? It was impossible for this old fellow to understand a law which called him a thief for eating his own harvest, sown with his own hands. These were crimes invented by the law to protect the money of the government or of private creditors; but they were not natural crimes in the eyes of the poor farmer whose simple instinct could not find any sin in them.