CM 550 Midterm Quiz PDF

CM 550 Midterm Quiz 1. Which of the following has been described as the three major categories of cultural barriers that can lead to an ineffective helping relationship with culturally diverse clients? a. Culture-bound values, location, and language variables b. Racial identi...

CM 550 Midterm Quiz 1. Which of the following has been described as the three major categories of cultural barriers that can lead to an ineffective helping relationship with culturally diverse clients? a. Culture-bound values, location, and language variables b. Racial identity, health variables, and worldview orientation c. None of the choices is correct. d. Culture-bound values, language variables, and class-bound values 2. During the resistance and immersion stage, the three most active types of affective feelings are guilt, shame, and anger True/False 3. Culturally adapted ESTs have been successfully used with Asian Americans experiencing phobias True/ False 4. Feelings of being brainwashed by the forces of White society would most likely be found in what stage of REC identity developmental model? a. Integrative Awareness Stage b. Conformity Stage c. Introspection Stage d. Resistance and Immersion Stage 5. When counselors unwittingly impose monocultural standards without regard for differences in lifestyles and cultures, they may be engaging in: a. Cultural competent practice b. Cultural oppression c. Fair and equitable practice d. None of the above 6. The basic building blocks of cultural competence in clinical practice are ______ , _____, and ________. a. Knowledge; skills; awareness b. None of the above c. Acceptance; diversity; awareness d. Openness; awareness; acceptance 7. Covert sexism is a. Unequal yet favorable treatment of women that is conducted in a hidden  manner b. Acceptable treatment of women that women nonetheless consider to represent “hidden” sexism. c. Inequitable and injurious treatment of women by men that is conducted in an openly hostile manner d. Unequal and harmful treatment of women that is conducted in a hidden manner 8. Which of the following is an example of an environmental microaggression? a. All the deans of a university are White males b. A male coworker has pinups of nude women in his cubicle c. There is no Braille next to the numbers in an elevator d. All of the choices are correct 9. The myth of the “model minority” has often played into major misunderstanding between Black and Asian communities True/False 10. To be a culturally competent therapist, one should avoid personal feelings and previous experiences with race, culture and gender and therefore be free to explore the client’s experience with prejudices or racism True/False 11. Inheriting negative feelings and beliefs about members of marginalized group is a. Avoidable due to the socialization process in the United States b. Avoidable due to the lack of critical thinking on the part of the average U.S. citizen c. Unavoidable due to biased attitudes and stereotypes that challenge group hierarchy d. Unavoidable and inevitable due to the socialization process in the United States 12. Most of the mental health disorders in the DSM-5 are transcultural, meaning the symptoms manifest with similar presentations across cultures, making diagnosing more systemic. True/False 13. Which counselors explore their own emotional reactions to race and culture, feelings such as defensiveness and anger can be destructive and are better left untouched. True/False 14. The statement “There is only one race: the human race” is an example of  a. Ascription of intelligence b. Colorblindness c. Assumption of Criminality d. Alien in Own Land 15. An effective curriculum should allow students to understand feelings of helplessness and powerlessness True/False 16. Shame is an emotion felt at the group level, whereas guilt is an individual emotion. True/False 17. Which ego status would be best represented by the following statement, “My grandfather is prejudiced, but I try not to be?” a. Contact b. Disintegration c. Autonomy d. Reintegration 18. Which of the following statement is NOT true about racism? a. Old-fashioned racism has seemingly declined b. The nature and expression of racism has evolved into a more subtle and ambiguous form. c. White supremacy and hate crimes are associated with blatant and overt acts of discrimination d. Racism was eliminated with the social acceptance and legal codification of the goals and values of the civil rights movement 19. Which of the following has been described as a challenge faced by counselors in treating culturally diverse populations? a. To play roles other than that of “psychotherapist” based on the needs of the client b. To understand the worldviews, cultural values, and life circumstances of clients c. All of the choices are correct d. Linguistic barriers, because the United States is largely a monolingual society. 20. Many immigrants are from collectivistic orientation True/False 21. The burden to become multiculturally competent rests on the trainees from dominant culture as in most cases they have been the ones to marginalize, stereotype and oppressed minority cultures. Thus, it is the responsibility of the  dominant culture to help rectify this in raising awareness and also in becoming competent in working with diverse populations. True/False 22. Which of the following is likely to be a perspective of a culturally competent helping professional? a. The problems that people of color experience with discrimination and racism are beyond the scope of counseling practice b. An individualistic counseling approach is the most effective form of meeting the needs of people of color. c. Providing advice and suggestions are not effective forms of helping with people of color d. The role of counselor should be broadened to include teaching, consulting, and advocacy. 23. Research suggests that it is possible for people to avoid inheriting the racial biases, prejudices, misinformation, deficit portrayals, and stereotypes of their forebears if they are exposed to various and diverse cultures before formal schooling. True/False 24. The R/CID model can be considered a global personality theory, which provides fixed and identifiable phases that serve to identify where clients fit on a spectrum. True/False 25. The three types of resistance that are often encountered by students studying diversity training are: a. Physical; emotional; spiritual b. Dissonance; isolation; invalidation c. Cognitive; emotional; behavioral d. Psychological; physiological; emotional 26. The effectiveness of White therapists is related to their ability to overcome sociocultural conditioning and to make their Whiteness invisible True/False 27. The approximate number of the foreign-born population including undocumented immigrants living in the United States is a. No one really knows b. Over 35 million c. Approximately 1 million d. 10 to 12 million 28. The authors contend that there is a denial associated with being White, and it is  related to the denial of White privilege. True/False 29. According to the Hardiman (1982, as cited in Sue 9th edition) White Racial Identity Development model, which stage is characterized by a conscious belief in the democratic ideal that everyone has an opportunity to succeed? a. Acceptance b. Redefinition c. Resistance d. Naiveté 30. Cognitive behavioral therapy, but not psychodynamic therapy, includes many components of White culture True/False 31. Ableism has received limited attention in the literature on modern forms of oppression True/False 32. Graduate programs tend to shy away from teaching about antiracism because there is a limited amount of literature on the topic. True/False 33. Familismo refers to a. A high value placed on the family and individual roles b. A high value placed on the role of the paternal caregiver c. Focus on the individualism of each family member d. A high value placed on family loyalty and unity 34. Only White individuals need to learn cultural competence True/False 35. The client becomes a symbol of the inherent mistrust that exists in majority- minority relationships is a characteristic of which challenge associated with counseling White clients? a. Having the competency of the counselor of color challenged b. Dealing with expressions of racist attitudes/beliefs/behaviors c. Transferring racial animosity to White clients d. Unrealistically viewing the therapist of color as a Super Minority therapist 36. Which of the following are components of White culture? a. Individual can control the environments b. Independence and autonomy highly valued  c. All are correct d. Rugged individualism e. Individual has primary responsibility for self 37. The client/therapist interchange between Dr. D and Gabriella presented in Chapter 2 provides the reader with a good example of a multiculturally competent therapist addressing a concern of a client from another cultural group. True/False 38. Minority clients most likely terminate prematurely from therapy sessions because they realize they actually do not need the help. True/False 39. Which of the following is NOT a relevant question for counselors to ask? a. As a helping professional, what emotional reactions around “race” do you possess that may act as a barrier to effective multicultural counseling? b. What explains the perseverance of the belief among members of certain sociodemographic categories that they are undergoing oppression in the United States? c. All are correct 40. Preparing counselors with multicultural expertise means a. Developing multicultural competencies as core standards for our profession b. All of the choices are correct c. Providing continuing education for our current service providers d. Non are correct e. Revamping our training programs to include accurate and realistic multicultural content and experiences 41. Beliefs such as “we are all part of the human race” and “I do not see color” are most helpful in establishing empathy between the therapist and clients of color. True/False 42. Rushing to help a disabled person onto public transportation could potentially signal to them that a. A and b b. They are unimportant to society c. You see them as chronically dependent d. You believe they cannot help themselves 43. In which stage does the person of color realize racism exists? a. Conformity stage b. Integrative Awareness Stage  c. Dissonance Stage d. Introspection Stage 44. According to the authors, minority therapists working with White clients should avoid acknowledging their racial differences because it can cause tension and division. True/False 45. Which stage has the most profound negative impact on nearly all people of color? a. Introspection Stage b. Conformity Stage c. Resistance and immersion Stage d. Dissonance Stage 46. Which of the following is considered a shortcoming of empirically supported treatments? a. They generally take a long time to conduct b. The manuals can be very difficult to follow c. It is very difficult to recruit participants for clinical trials. d. Very few minority groups are included in clinical trials 47. Empirically supported treatments must demonstrate a. Superiority to placebo in two or more controlled studies b. Superiority in the treatment of symptoms c. All of the choices are correct d. Superiority in the treatment of ethnic minorities 48. The journey to becoming a competent culturally sensitive counselor in working with diverse populations is not complex as humans have innate characteristics that are relatively consistent across cultures with similar hopes and dreams that mark their humanness. True/False 49. Of the approximately 40 million of the foreign-born population currently living in the United States, how many are considered unauthorized immigrants? a. Census efforts have failed due to fears of deportation therefore no one can agree on the population estimates b. Approximately 15 million c. Approximately 10. 5 million d. Approximately 22 million  e. Approximately 5 million 50 Which of the following is empirically supported relationship variable? a. Strong interpersonal bond b. All of the choices are correct c. Strong therapeutic alliance d. Effective management of countertransference.  Answer Keys Answer Keys 1. D 2. True 3. True 4. D According to the Racial, Ethnic, and Cultural (REC) Identity Development Model, feelings of being "brainwashed" by the dominant White society are commonly associated with the Resistance and Immersion Stage. In this stage, individuals start to recognize and reject the oppressive forces of the dominant culture, which may include feelings of anger and resentment toward both the dominant group and their own prior identification with that group. They often immerse themselves in their own cultural identity and reject the values and norms of the dominant society. 5. B 6. A The basic building blocks of cultural competence in clinical practice are knowledge, skills, and awareness. These elements are essential for understanding and effectively engaging with clients from diverse cultural backgrounds. Knowledge refers to understanding different cultural values, beliefs, and practices; skills involve applying culturally appropriate interventions; and awareness relates to being conscious of one's own cultural biases and how they influence interactions with clients 7. D 8. D 9. True 10. False 11. D Inheriting negative feelings and beliefs about members of marginalized groups is generally seen as unavoidable and inevitable due to the socialization process in the United States. This is because individuals are constantly exposed to biased attitudes, stereotypes, and societal norms that perpetuate group hierarchies and prejudice. This socialization process occurs through various institutions, such as media, education, and family, which can unconsciously transmit these negative beliefs. 12. False  13. False 14. B 15. True 16. True 17. B The Disintegration ego status is characterized by a growing awareness of racial issues and the recognition of one's own biases or those within their family, such as the statement, "My grandfather is prejudiced, but I try not to be." This stage involves a sense of discomfort or confusion as individuals begin to grapple with conflicting attitudes about race and may experience guilt or cognitive dissonance. 18. D 19. C 20. True 21. False 22. D A culturally competent helping professional recognizes that their role extends beyond traditional counseling to include teaching, consulting, and advocacy. This broader perspective is necessary to effectively address the systemic and structural issues, such as discrimination and racism, that impact clients of color. This approach aligns with multicultural counseling practices that emphasize social justice and client empowerment. 23. False 24. C In diversity training, the three types of resistance often encountered by students are cognitive, emotional, and behavioral. Cognitive resistance involves challenges in understanding or accepting new ideas; emotional resistance includes feelings of anger, guilt, or defensiveness; and behavioral resistance refers to actions that attempt to avoid or undermine learning about diversity. 25. C 26. False 27. B The foreign-born population, including undocumented immigrants living in the United States, is over 35 million. In fact, as of recent estimates, the number is even higher, with the total foreign-born population, including undocumented immigrants, exceeding 40 million 28. True 29. A In the Acceptance stage of Hardiman's White Racial Identity Development model, individuals hold a conscious belief in the democratic ideal that everyone has an opportunity to succeed. This stage reflects the view that societal structures are fair and just, and racial disparities are often seen as the result of individual shortcomings rather than systemic inequality. 30. False 31. True 32. True 33. D 34. False 35. C In this situation, the client becomes a symbol of the mistrust that exists in majority- minority relationships, which is characteristic of transferring racial animosity to White clients. This challenge involves projecting past negative experiences or feelings related to racial oppression onto the current therapeutic relationship with White clients. 36. C All the listed components—individual can control the environment, independence and autonomy highly valued, rugged individualism, and individual has primary responsibility for self—are key aspects of White culture as described in various cultural competency models. These values emphasize personal responsibility, self-sufficiency, and the belief that individuals can shape their own destinies 37. False 38. False 39. B This question is not relevant for counselors to ask because it implies skepticism about the validity of clients' experiences of oppression, which can be harmful and dismissive. Culturally competent counselors should focus on understanding and addressing the lived experiences of clients rather than questioning the legitimacy of their experiences of oppression.  40. B Preparing counselors with multicultural expertise involves developing multicultural competencies as core standards for the profession, providing continuing education for current service providers, and revamping training programs to include accurate and realistic multicultural content and experiences. All of these are crucial steps in ensuring that counselors are prepared to work effectively with diverse populations. 41. False 42. A Rushing to help a disabled person onto public transportation could signal to them that you see them as chronically dependent and that they are unimportant to society. This action, while often well-intentioned, can unintentionally convey patronizing attitudes, suggesting that the person is incapable of independent functioning and reinforcing societal marginalization. 43. C 44. False 45. B The Conformity Stage is considered to have the most profound negative impact on nearly all people of color. In this stage, individuals may internalize the dominant culture's values and beliefs, including negative stereotypes about their own racial or ethnic group. This can result in self-deprecation, low self-esteem, and a rejection of their own cultural identity, leading to significant psychological distress. 46. D A major shortcoming of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) is that very few minority groups are included in clinical trials. This limitation raises concerns about the generalizability and effectiveness of these treatments for diverse populations, as they may not adequately account for cultural, racial, or ethnic differences. 47. A Empirically supported treatments (ESTs) must demonstrate superiority to placebo in two or more controlled studies to be considered effective. This requirement ensures that the treatment has been rigorously tested and shown to be more effective than no treatment (or placebo) in well-designed clinical trials. 48. False  49. C 50. B All of the listed options—strong interpersonal bond, strong therapeutic alliance, and effective management of countertransference—are considered empirically supported relationship variables. These factors are critical in establishing a successful therapeutic relationship and improving therapy outcomes