Educ 204 System of Education in Gulf Countries PDF

EDUC 204 System of Education and its Administration in the Gulf Countries File:Persian Gulf Arab States.PNG  Instructor Dr. Ali Khamis Ali Department of Education & Cultural Studies College of Arts and Sciences University of Nizwa  Office...

EDUC 204 System of Education and its Administration in the Gulf Countries File:Persian Gulf Arab States.PNG  Instructor Dr. Ali Khamis Ali Department of Education & Cultural Studies College of Arts and Sciences University of Nizwa  Office 5D-7 Contacts Ext. 574 (office) E-mail: [email protected] Introduction ⚫ Overview of the Course ⚫ Basic concepts and definitions Overview of the Course ⚫ Objectives of the course ⚫ Learning outcomes ⚫ Assignments ⚫ Assessments Basic Concepts and Definitions ⚫ Education ⚫ Objectives and Role of education ⚫ Systems and systems of education ⚫ Educational administration Education ⚫ What is education? ⚫ There are many definitions of education. However, in precise: ⚫ Education is the process of learning of knowledge, information and skills during the course of life. ⚫ Education is a broad concept, referring to all the experiences in which students can learn something. It includes: – Instruction: refers to the intentional facilitating of learning toward identified goals, delivered either by an instructor or other forms. – Teaching: refers to the actions of a real life instructor designed to impart learning to the student. – Training drawot weiv a htiw gninrael ot srefer ,slliks ,egdelwonk cificeps htiw srenrael gniraperp nopu yletaidemmi deilppa eb nac taht seitiliba ro.noitelpmoc – Learning refers to strategies and behaviours of learners towards acquiring knowledge, skills, and attitudes Wisdom of the Day ⚫ The man who removes a mountain begins by carrying a way small stones. (Chinese Proverb) The objectives of education ⚫ The prime role of educational system is to satisfy social demands both individual and collective by: – Preparing young individual for an occupation – Teaching them to live in society – Effectively transmitting to them knowledge and values deemed useful by adults The objectives of education ⚫ The objectives of education in a sustainable future perspective are: – To promote understanding of the interdependence of natural, socio-economic and political systems at local, national and global levels. – To encourage critical reflection and decision making that is reflected in personal lifestyles. – To engage the active participation of the citizenry in building sustainable development Roles assigned to education ⚫ Achieving desired learning outcomes – Knowledge, skills, attitudes ⚫ Basic communication skills – Oracy, literacy, numeracy, computeracy ⚫ Health, safety and nutrition practices – Physical and mental health and safety Roles assigned to education ⚫ Knowledge of the physical and social world ⚫ National unity and allegiance to the government ⚫ Cultural identity Roles assigned to education ⚫ Moral/social values ⚫ Creativity, initiative, decision making, self- reliance ⚫ Human resources and manpower preparation System(s) ⚫ What is a system? System has multiple meanings: – A group of interacting, interrelated, or interdependent elements forming a complex whole. – An organized set of interrelated ideas or principles. – Organization of functionally interactive units for the achievement of a common goal. Systems ⚫ A usually large entity composed of interconnected parts. ⚫ An organized array of individual elements and parts forming and working as a unit Systems ⚫ Examples of systems – Human body, schools, universities, hospitals  Features/Characteristics of Systems ⚫ The system has boundaries that distinguish it from other systems ⚫ The system has an environment surrounding it outside its borders, which it is affected by and which it influences. ⚫ The relationships within the system that link its parts or components are not random relationships; rather, they are causal, functional, cooperative, and integrative Features/Characteristics of Systems ⚫ Because the parts of any system are linked to the rest of the parts; therefore, it is difficult to study any part in isolation from the rest of the parts. For example, in the educational field, it is difficult to isolate the subject of student evaluation and study it away from the rest of the aspects of the educational system, such as curricula, teacher preparation, and school administration Features/Characteristics of Systems ⚫ The elements that make up the system are distinguished from each other by the functions that each element performs. School administration in any school is a system, and within this system we find elements such as: the school principal, the assistant principal, the teachers, the school council, and the secretary. Features/Characteristics of Systems ⚫ Any system - small or large - performs one or more functions to achieve the goal that the system seeks with all its elements. Education Systems ⚫ Are sets of ways, means, and procedures of how educational components are organized to achieve the objectives of education in an organization or a country. ⚫ Is a set of processes of how education components and procedures are related and work together to achieve the objectives of education. Education systems ⚫ Is set of interaction of educational activities, structures, personnel, clients and resources to achieve the objectives of educational systems. Education systems – Performing all these different tasks within limits of the human, material and financial resources allocated to it by society. Education systems ⚫ An education system refers to the economic and social factors that typically make up public schools at the federal, state or community levels. public funding, school facilities, staffing, compensation, employee benefits, teaching resources and more. ⚫ Education systems refer to the coordination of individuals (among teachers, administrators and students), infrastructure (including safe facilities and transportation) and functioning institutions and processes. Education systems ⚫ an arrangement that consists of at least one teacher and one student in a context, such as in a tutorial or via Skype. ⚫ Education systems must be intentional, where a teacher actively attempts to guide student learning. ⚫ Education systems encompass all institutions that are concerned with educating students in K-12 and higher education. Why do we view education as a system? ⚫ Why do we view education as a system? The systems perspective ⚫ Is a way of viewing aspects of an organization as an interrelated system – Is a way of viewing problems more than it is a specific approach to administration. It is based on the concept that an educational organization is a system of interrelated parts. If you adjust one part of the system, other parts will be affected automatically. Indicate system from the following ⚫ A School ⚫ A Department of education ⚫ A classroom ⚫ A Lesson plan ⚫ A Counselling unit ⚫ Teacher-parent association ⚫ Department of English ⚫ A Debate Club Educational administration ⚫ Is a process of deciding how to use the human and material resources to achieve the goals of education systems. ⚫ Is a process of planning and organization education systems and its resources to effectively achieve the goals of education. Objectives of educational administration ⚫ The objectives of education administration can be found in the functions of administration – Planning – Organizing – Staffing – Leading – Controlling  Planning Organizing Controlling Objectives of Educational Administration Staffing Leading Objectives of educational administration ⚫ Planning: Deciding which objectives to pursue during a future period and what to do to achieve those objectives. ⚫ Organizing: grouping activities, assigning activities, and providing authority necessary to carry out the activities. Objectives of educational administration ⚫ Staffing: determining human resource needs and recruiting, selecting, training, and developing human resources ⚫ Leading: directing and channeling human behaviour toward the accomplishment of objectives Objectives of educational administration ⚫ Controlling: measuring performance against objectives, determining the causes of deviations, and taking corrective action where necessary. Basic skills for school administrator Basic skills Conceptual skills Human relations skills Technical skills Conceptual skills ⚫ Involve understanding the relationship of the parts of education to one another and to the education as a whole. Decision making, planning, and organizing are specific administrative activities that require conceptual skills Human relation skills ⚫ Involve understanding people and being able to work with them. Working in team, resolving conflicts, dealing with parents all require good human relations skills Technical skills ⚫ Being able to perform mechanics of a particular job. Using word processing programmes, designing a brochure, designing effective instruction methods, training people to use a certain methods are all technical skills.