DigiPsych_Filipino Psychology ENRIQUEZ PDF

0|P age  CONTENTS Biographical Background 2 Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Indigenous Psychology 3 Rethinking Filipino Values 4 Indirect Communication...

0|P age  CONTENTS Biographical Background 2 Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Indigenous Psychology 3 Rethinking Filipino Values 4 Indirect Communication 5 Core Value or Kapwa 5 Pivotal Interpersonal Value 6 Socio-Personal Value 6 Accommodative Surface Values 6 Confrontative Surface Values 7 Societal Values 8 Filipino Psychology | 1  BIOGRAPHICAL BACKGROUND - Virgilio Enriquez was born on November 24, 1942 at Santol, Balagtas, Bulucan, Philippines. - Known as the Father of Filipino Psychology, Dr. Virgilio G. Enriquez pioneered the effective use of Indigenous Methods in Philippine Social Science Research. - Pambansang Samahan sa Sikolohiyang Pilipino, (National Organization of Filipino Psychology) is a field he established in 1975. - He had his early education at the Cosmopolitan College, but finished his elementary schooling at the Espiritu Santo Parochial School in Santa Cruz, Manila and his secondary education at the Colegio de San Juan de Letran. - Enriquez enrolled at the University of the Philippines where he earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy in 1961. - Two years later, he joined the faculty of the Department of Psychology at the said state university where he started his teaching career. - By 1977, he had become the Chairman of the said Department, a position he held until 1982. - In 1966, he won a scholarship from the Rockefeller Foundation, which enabled him to pursue further studies in the United States. Filipino Psychology | 2 - He studied at the Northwestern University of Evanston, Illinois where he obtained in 1970 his Masters of Arts Degree in Psychology. - The following year, he earned his degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Social Psychology from the same institution. - Dr. Enriquez initiated the development of an indigenous point of view in psychology. - In 1982, Dr. Enriquez obtained a second master’s degree in Pilipino from the University of the Philippines. - He died in San Francisco, California, USA on August 31, 1994, at the age of 51. - He was cremated and his ashes is in the private cemetery in his home town in Balagtas, Bulacan. SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO: INDIGENOUS PSYCHOLOGY - Indigenous: Native, Local - Indigenization from Without - This is the translation of foreign concepts, methods, theories and measures into Filipino. - Indigenization from Within - This is the looking for the indigenous psychology from within the culture itself and not just clothing a foreign body of knowledge with a local dress - It includes assessing historic-socio-cultural realities, local language, Filipino characteristics, and explaining them through the eyes of the native Filipino. - This effort resulted into a body of knowledge that includes indigenous concepts and methods. Filipino Psychology | 3  RETHINKING FILIPINO VALUES - Bahalana - Andres - Bahala na ang Diyos - Fatalistic resignation - Withdrawal from engagement and shrinking from responsibility - Lagmay - Determination and risk-taking - Hiya - Sibley translated it as shame. - Lynch defined it as uncomfortable feeling that accompanies awareness of being in a socially unacceptable position, or performing a socially unacceptable action. - Salazar, on the other hand, defined as sense of propriety. - Utangnaloob - Kaut translated it as debt of gratitude. - Kaut/Andres redefined is as principle of reciprocity incurred when an individual helps another. - Enriquez redefined it as gratitude combined with solidarity. - He said that it is encapsulated in the saying Ang hindi marunong lumingon sa pinanggalingan ay hindi makakarating sa paroroonan. - Pakikisama vs. Pakikipagkapwa - Pakikisama Filipino Psychology | 4  - Lynch translated it as smooth interpersonal relations. - Kapwa - Enriquez translated this as shared identity. - He elaborated that it is not mere smooth interpersonal relationships that Filipinos are concerned with, but pakikipagkapwa, which means treating the other person as kapwa or fellow human being. INDIRECT COMMUNICATION - Part of the Filipino’s socialization is being sensitive to non-verbal cues, having concerns for the feelings of others, and being truthful but not at the expense of hurting others’ feelings. - Pakikiramdam - This is defined as shared inner perception. - It is very useful in conducting interviews especially for Filipinos. - It is done through reading and being sensitive to non-verbal cues. CORE VALUE OR KAPWA - Kapwa, meaning 'togetherness', is the core construct of Filipino Psychology. It refers to community; not doing things alone. - Kapwa has Two Categories: - Ibang Tao (other people) - Hindi Ibang Tao (not other people). - Five Domains of Ibang Tao: - Pakikitungo: civility Filipino Psychology | 5  - Pakikisalamuha: act of mixing - Pakikilahok: act of joining - Pakikibagay: conformity - Pakikisama: being united with the group - Domains of Hindi IbangTao: - Pakikipagpalagayang-loob: act of mutual trust - Pakikisangkot: act of joining others - Pakikipagkaisa: being one with others PIVOTAL INTERPERSONAL VALUE Pakiramdam: - Shared inner perceptions. - Filipinos use damdam, or the inner perception of others' emotions, as a basic tool to guide his dealings with other people. SOCIO-PERSONAL VALUE Kagandahang-Loob: - Shared humanity. - This refers to being able to help other people in dire need due to a perception of being together as a part of one Filipino humanity. ACCOMMODATIVE SURFACE VALUES 1. Hiya This is loosely translated as 'shame' by most Western psychologists. However, hiya is actually 'sense of propriety'. Filipino Psychology | 6 2. UtangnaLoob: Norm of reciprocity. Filipinos are expected by their neighbors to return favors whether these were asked for or not—-when it is needed or wanted. 3. Pakikisama and Pakikipagkapwa: Smooth Interpersonal Relationship, or SIR, as coined by Lynch (1961 and 1973). This attitude is primarily guided by conformity with the majority. CONFRONTATIVE SURFACE VALUES 1. Bahala Na: This attitude, loosely translated into English as 'fatalistic passiveness', actually describes the Filipino way of life, in which, he is determined to do his best, hence the term bahala na, which actually came from the phrase bahala na, meaning 'I will do all my best, let God take care of the rest'. 2. Lakas ng Loob: This attitude is characterized by being courageous in the midst of problems and uncertainties. 3. Pakikibaka: Literally in English, it means concurrent clashes. It refers to the ability of the Filipino to undertake revolutions and uprisings against a common enemy. Filipino Psychology | 7 SOCIETAL VALUES 1. Karangalan: Loosely translated as HONOR or DIGNITY, this actually refers to what other people see in a person and how they use that information to make a stand or judge about his/her worth. - Puri: the external aspect of dignity. May refer to how other people judge a person of his/her worth. - Dangal: the internal aspect of dignity. May refer to how a person judges his own worth. 2.Katarungan: Loosely translated to justice, this refers to equity in giving rewards to a person. 3. Kalayaan: Freedom and mobility. Ironically, this may clash with the less important value of pakikisama or pakikibagay (conformity). Filipino Psychology | 8