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sshttps://quizlet.com/983811042/key-events Mayflower and landed in Cape Cod. This -and-concepts-in-early-american-history-flas was a document of self-governance. hcards/?i=4oggpr&x=1jqt Treaty of Tordesillas: Spain and Portugal’s 7 Years War: conflict between Great Britain Divided the sp...

sshttps://quizlet.com/983811042/key-events Mayflower and landed in Cape Cod. This -and-concepts-in-early-american-history-flas was a document of self-governance. hcards/?i=4oggpr&x=1jqt Treaty of Tordesillas: Spain and Portugal’s 7 Years War: conflict between Great Britain Divided the spheres of influence in the new and France because of territory in North worlds. Neatly divided the new world into America that they both want. land resources and people claimed by Spain and Portugal. Enlightenment: This was a period of intellectual advancements. Many Jamestown Colony: The first permanent philosophers proposed great ideas during colony in America. The main goal was to this period. Some of those philosophers find silver and gold to bring back to were John Locke, and Voltaire who all came England, however it was bound for failure. up with revolutionary ideas. The emphasis was on reason, science, and observation; it Plymouth Colony: Colony founded by the was very much encouraged to seek the truth first group of Puritans that made their way and reason. across the Atlantic Ocean in order to separate from the Church of England. First Great Awakening: his was a huge religious revival that went through British Massachusetts Bay Colony: A much larger America colonies in the 18th century. It was group of English Puritans left England in the based on the thoughts of personal conviction 1630s, establishing the Massachusetts Bay and repentance. Different denominations Colony. This was another puritan colony started to pop up and it helped colonists established in 1630. This group was led by have a common identity which led towards John Winthrop who created the City Upon A the American Revolution. Important leaders Hill. There community was big on religious were Jonathan Edwards, and George conformity and a very Whitefield who had powerful sermons tight knit group. which moved a lot of people. John Winthrop: He was John Winthrop was Boston Tea Party: This occurred December the leader of the Massachusetts Bay colony of 1773, when the patriots rebelled against and was most famous for his sermon “City the British and dumped the tea into the Upon a Hill” which talked about the harbor. This was a rebellious act because of importance of being an example and light. the tax. Mayflower Compact: The Mayflower Stamp Act: The stamp act occurred in 1765, Compact was a document that forced people this required any printed item to have a to stay together and keep each other safe stamp placed on it. This made the American while trying to build a new colony. It was colonies very angry because it was a law signed by 41 men who were on the made without their consent.  act, and were very good at protesting for what they wanted. Sugar Act: this was a British law that was in 1764, this placed new revenues by imposing Common Sense: Written by Thomas Paine new things on sugar and molasses, and those and it was a pamphlet written to state were commonly used items. This made strict independence for the new colonies. trade laws and customs, this was Britain's attempt to pay off some of the debt they had Declaration of Independence: justification from the War. for liberty in the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration, written Tea Act: This was meant to stop the primarily by Jefferson, included a long list smuggling of tea. They also increased the of grievances against King George III and prices of tea, but mainly the tax on them. laid out the foundation of American government as a republic in which the Intolerable Acts / Coercive Acts: he four consent of the governed would be of laws; boston port act, massachusetts gov act, paramount importance. quartering act, administration and justice This was a document that was adopted by act. These were punishments because of the the continental congress in 1776. This Boston tea party, passed by parliament, like document was mainly drafted by Thomas shutting down the harbor. Jefferson in an attempt to break away from the British. The main points were Life, Boston Massacre : he Boston Massacre was Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. a dispute which turned violent between townspeople and British soldiers. Battle of Bunker Hill: The first major battle Townspeople were taunting the of the American Revolution in soldiers and egging them on until one of the Massachusetts | Jun 17, 1775. The American soldiers shot without permission. Most patriots were defeated at the Battle of people say it was deliberate by the British Bunker Hill, but they proved they could hold guards but it still hasn’t been fully proven. their own against the superior British Army. This took place in the early times of the Sons and Daughters of Liberty: This was a American Revolution. The british wanted to group of different people who resisted the take control of the high ground and they did Stamp act. They had many acts of just that however the war cost them a lot. So resistance, some included violence and it boosted the Colonies spirits and made vandalism. They were a political them feel more confident in the potential organization from the north. This was a success to come. group of colonial women who were large promoters of boycotting British goods. They Lexington and Concord: Massachusetts played a large role in the non-importation militias and British troops fired on each other as British troops marched to Lexington lack of central government. Didn’t help and Concord, an event immortalized much conflict between states. by poet Ralph Waldo Emerson as the “shot heard round the world.” The American Republicanism : This is mainly based on Revolution had begun. This battle was a virtuous citizens, and civic virtue. A lot of political disaster for the British and this led political Philosophy and a government to many people giving support to America where people elect their leaders. This was for it seeking independence. inspired by the Roman Republic and gave power to property holders. Washington’s Crossing of Delaware: General George Washington and his troops Shay’s Rebellion: It was sparked by crossed the icy dangerous Delaware River economic troubles faced by farmers and on Dec 25 1776. This was to launch a veterans of the Revolutionary war. It was led surprise attack on Hessian forces stationed by a man named Daniel Shay in 1786 - in Trenton, New Jersey, ultimately achieving 1787. Farmers ended up shutting down a crucial victory that boosted American courthouses and demanded they were given morale during a difficult period of the war. debt forgiveness. Lastly it showed a large weakness in the Articles of Confederation, Battle of Saratoga: American victory at the and it brought to light many problems. Battle of Saratoga was the major turning point in the war. This victory convinced Benjamin Franklin's 13 laws: These were 13 the French to recognize American values that were a model for citizens, and it independence and form a military alliance was what the public should maintain. with the new nation, which changed the 1.​ Temperance course of the war by opening the door to 2.​ Silence badly needed military support from France. 3.​ Order 4.​ Resolution Battle at Yorktown: This took place in 1981 5.​ Frugality and it was the final major battle of the 6.​ Industry American Revolution. Combined french and 7.​ Sincerity american soldiers out powered the British 8.​ justice which caused them to surrender. 9.​ Moderation 10.​ cleanliness Articles of Confederation: In lieu of creating 11.​ Tranquillity a new federal government, the Articles of 12.​ chastity Confederation created a “league of 13.​ humility friendship” between the states. It was the first constitution of the US, had no taxation Paxton Boys: The Paxton boys were a group power, limited authority to raise revenue. of Scottish Irish boys from pennsylvania. Also had a weak military, very much of a They killed native americans and this caused there to be more racial tension. They had From 1796-1800 President John Adams many settlers support their actions as well. expanded the U.S. Navy, which had only one vessel at the time of his election in 1796. Land Law 1796: This was for territory of The conflict ended with the Treaty of western land, and it facilitated the sale of it Mortefontaine in 1800​ by the government to settlers. This was a fuel to westward expansion and a Corps of Discovery Expedition: This was an speculation in land markerkets. expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William clark. They had to map the territory Federalist / Anti-Federalist / : and study the environment, along with Federalists=Supporters of the 1787 federal exploring the Missouri river and tributaries. constitution Believed in a strong central They established relations with the natives government Federalists believed in clear and strengthened many of the US claims. distinctions of rank and intelligence Though there were many challenges they Idea of all people are equal persevered, this was under the directive of often excluding many citizens from voting Thomas Jefferson. or holding office. Anti-Federalists= Opposed the 1787 “War Hawks” leading up to War 1812: feared it concentrated too much power in a pro-war members of Congress leading up to central government the War of 1812. his group did not form a political party but Led by Henry clay united around the demand for protections of Led by john C individual rights These individuals were angered by British They thought the constitution would actions threaten individual right and liberties Their influence played a major role in pushing Congress to authorize war against Democratic-Republicans: was a report Britain in 1812 delivered by Alexander Hamilton In January 1790 It faced financial challenges War of 1812: This war was between the US facing the new republic. and Great Britain, and it consisted of the They wanted to convert these debts into invasion of Canada, the battle of New interest bearing government bonds Orleans, and many naval battles. American Goal was to establish the creditworthiness of sailors were forced to be in British the US. Wanted it to impact it domestically imprisonment. Overall it ended with and internationally. increased nationalism, the treaty of ghent and produced westward expansion. Quasi War: Between US and France Market Revolution: It was a market based economy in the 19th century. It switched from home-based work to factory-based Hudson River (which is to New York City) work and this also contributed to the change to the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River in the social, and cultural structure. This Valley. This is really what sparked New improved canals, steamboats, railroads, and York into a commerce central dominance, growth in wage labor. and it inspired many other canal projects. Oliver Evans: He was an inventor from The Panic of 1819: This was one of the first America and he revolutionized flour mills big crises in the US economy. The British by making them more automotive. So his textile mills had consumed American cotton. idea became widespread in the mid-atlantic This was all while the post-Neapolience states. European colony was trying to be resilient. Then the banks began to fail because people Lowell Girls: These were girls that worked didn’t put money into them out of fear. in textile mills from New England. The girls both liked and hated the environment, there Transcendentalist: This was an intellectual were long working hours with not much pay movement in the 1820s. THis was in the however this did start some conversation northeast US and one of the emerging about what women could do. figures in the movement was Ralph Waldo Emerson. He wrote the essays “nature” and Cotton Engine or Gin: This was created in “self-reliance” there were also a lot of other 1794 by Eli Whitney and it quickly writers like Thoreau, these people explored revolutionized this industry. It separated individualism and resistance to injustice. seeds from the actual cotton very efficiently, but this did contribute to the expansion of Temperance Movement: This was a slavery in the south. significant reform movement in antebellum, and it was aimed to eliminate alcohol Mechanical Reaper:This was created in consumption. This was in the early 1800s 1831 by Cyrus McCormick. It was a horse when Americans were consuming high drawn agricultural invention that used to be levels of alcoholic drinks. In the 1840s was a manual labor. It helped cut and gather the the rise of the Washington Temperance wheat. Society, some advocates pushed for total abstinence which led to several laws in Samuel Morse: Samuel Morse created the different states. first telegraph in the 1830s. It transformed communication making it more efficient and American Colonization Society: This was a easy. This was also where we got Morse society for Colonization of Free People of code from him. Color of America in 1816. The ACS aimed to address slavery by promoting the Erie Canal: This was a very important Canal relocation of black people who were free. that transported goods. It connected the Thomas Jefferson was a key figure at this time and many people believed that black westward under horrible conditions which and white people couldn't coexist. lead to many deaths. Fugitive Slave Act: This was a controversial 1828 Tariff : In 1828 there was something law that included the compromise of 1850. called the “Tariff Of Abominations” and this This was designated to strengthen earlier was a high tariff on imported goods. This fugitive slave laws. Heavy fines for was proposed to protect northern imprisonment were imposed on individuals manufacturing. The tariff was very who aided escape. unpopular in the south and it was accused of being unfair. This placed a large economic Nullification: This was another conflict burden on the south, and this created much during Jackson’s presidency and southern tension between the south and north. states called it “tariff of Abominations”. The south argued it wasn’t fair and it benefited The Spoils System: This was implemented northern industrial interests more than the by Andrew Jackson after he won the South and it just sucked their money. This election of 1828. Jackson believed in escalated when South Carolina declared the “rotation in office” and that men replacing Tariffs of 1828 and 1832, they nullified the long standing officeholders with people Force Bill. loyal and party supporters. However many people were opposed and claimed that it would lead to corruption. Alexis de Tocqueville : Ths was observations on the American democracy Petticoat Affair: This was a large personal and their democratic principles. This was scandal during Jackson’s presidency that where majority opinion would suppress created a large divide in Washington society. individual freedoms and minority rights. Jackson’s support of Peggy Eaton is partly This offered insights into the social and motivated by his personal grievance. There political landscape especially in the early were similar attacks on his late wife that led 19th century in the US. to a rift/fight between him and Calhoun. “Fifty-four forty or Fight”: This was Indian Removal: This was the relocation of associated with president James K Polk's Native American tribes, and this was under campaign. The slogan was used in 1844 and president Jackson. The policy was codified it represented the belief in manifest destiny. by the 1830 Indian Removal Act. This The slogan also meant that they were fine aimed for wide land which was for white going to war with Britain, and this was settlers, also to expand the US. This led to during the presidential election. the tragic “Trail of Tears” where many of the Cherokee people were told to march Mexican - American War : This was a conflict between the US and Mexico in 1846-1848. Mexico had refused to recognize Texas independence and this was a rule Dred Scott: Dred Scott, born with slave followed by the belief that the US had divine status in Virginia in 1795, had been one of right. This was ultimately what we call the thousands forced to relocate as a result manifest destiny. of the massive internal slave trade and taken to Missouri, where Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: This was the slavery had been adopted as part of the agreement that officially ended the Missouri Compromise.This was a landmark Mexican-American War in 1848 and the case and it was by the US supreme court in terms were territory ceded and border 1857. Included were implications for slavery agreement. The US had paid Mexico $15 and citizenship in the US. This enslaved mill and agreed to assume approximately man had lived in free states and argued that $3.25 mill in claims that American citizens where he resided made him free. The court had against the Mexican Gov. thought Black people couldn’t be citizens of the US so he had no standing to sue in court. Manifest Destiny: The US wanted to expand westward to north america, they claimed it Lincoln Douglas Debates: This occurred in was their God given right and O’Sullivan the 1850s and during the Illinois Senate race coined the term Manifest Destiny. Natives between Abraham Lincoln and Stephen had heightened tensions with the people Douglas. Lincoln was republican and from the expansion. They weren’t through Douglas was Democratic. Douglas through and though they still tried to fight for their territories should determine the need for land that was being taken over. slavery rather than Lincoln opposed it all and all. The Compromise of 1850: This was a series of legislative measures passed by the US. John Brown: The congress addressed the sectional tension upon the issue of slavery and Texas Election of 1860: This was a highly relinquished claims to parts of New Mexico contentious event in US history. This led to in exchange for 10 mill to settle debts. This the onset of the civil war. Lincoln hated temporarily reduced tension and the fugitive slavery and the expansion of it however slave act and other provisions deepened on Douglas liked the idea of the state deciding. sectional animosities. Bell campaigned on a platform of preserving the union. Lincoln won and this led to fears Events in Kansas before Civil War: John in the south that the interests would be Brown was a radical abolitionist and was overlooked. famous during the 1850s. In may of 1856 attacked pro-slavery seters and the brutality Turning Point of Civil War: This was a executed some people. pivotal battle fought during the Civil War and it was a turning point in the conflict. It was led by General Lee for the Confederates as his second battle and it occurred in Pennsylvania. Union forces ended up pushing Lee and his men to have many casualties. Later after this battle Lincoln gave the Gettysburg address which is world renowned for emphasizing equality among all. Gettysburg Address: Speech that was given by Abraham Lincoln after the Battle of Gettysburg. It focused on equality and the importance of unity in this new nation. It was a very brief speech however it had a large impact and had much of a universal appeal. Emancipation Proclamation: This was during the civil war and it was the process of freeing enslaved people which ultimately became the objective of the war. Lincoln created an Emancipation Proclamation which promoted the freeing of slaves in the South. The Civil war was primarily fought over the issue of slavery even though it didn’t start out that way. Juneteenth : Radical Republicans: