Social Studies 2201 Review Unit 3 Slide Show PDF

‭ ocial‬‭Studies‬‭2201‬ S ‭Review‬‭Unit‬‭3‬‭Slide‬‭Show‬‭1‬ ‭Terms‬ ‭ ule‬‭of‬‭one:‬‭means‬‭that‬‭one‬‭person‬‭rules‬ R ‭over‬‭everyone‬‭in‬‭a‬‭state.‬ ‭ ule‬‭of‬‭a‬‭few:‬‭means‬‭that‬‭a‬‭small‬‭group‬‭of‬‭people‬‭rule‬‭over‬ R ‭everyone.‬‭In‬‭this‬‭case,‬‭a‬‭few‬‭people‬‭are‬‭in‬‭charge‬‭of‬‭the...

‭ ocial‬‭Studies‬‭2201‬ S ‭Review‬‭Unit‬‭3‬‭Slide‬‭Show‬‭1‬ ‭Terms‬ ‭ ule‬‭of‬‭one:‬‭means‬‭that‬‭one‬‭person‬‭rules‬ R ‭over‬‭everyone‬‭in‬‭a‬‭state.‬ ‭ ule‬‭of‬‭a‬‭few:‬‭means‬‭that‬‭a‬‭small‬‭group‬‭of‬‭people‬‭rule‬‭over‬ R ‭everyone.‬‭In‬‭this‬‭case,‬‭a‬‭few‬‭people‬‭are‬‭in‬‭charge‬‭of‬‭the‬‭country‬‭or‬ ‭government.‬‭This‬‭is‬‭also‬‭referred‬‭to‬‭as‬‭oligarchy.‬ ‭ ule‬‭of‬‭many:‬‭means‬‭that‬‭a‬‭large‬‭segment‬‭of‬‭the‬ R ‭population‬‭have‬‭input‬‭into‬‭governance‬‭and‬‭decision‬ ‭making‬‭or‬‭have‬‭voted‬‭to‬‭place‬‭people‬‭in‬‭charge‬‭of‬‭the‬ ‭country‬‭or‬‭its‬‭government.‬ ‭ utocracy:‬‭An‬‭autocracy‬‭is‬‭a‬‭system‬‭of‬‭government‬‭in‬‭which‬ A ‭supreme‬‭power‬‭is‬‭concentrated‬‭in‬‭the‬‭hands‬‭of‬‭one‬‭person,‬ ‭whose‬‭decisions‬‭are‬‭subject‬‭to‬‭neither‬‭external‬‭legal‬‭restraints‬ ‭nor‬‭consistent‬‭and‬‭recognized‬‭means‬‭of‬‭citizen‬‭control.‬ ‭ onarchy:‬‭A‬‭monarchy‬‭is‬‭a‬‭form‬‭of‬‭government‬‭in‬ M ‭which‬‭one‬‭member‬‭of‬‭a‬‭family‬‭(dynasty)‬‭exercises‬ ‭sovereignty‬‭(power‬‭and‬‭authority).‬ ‭ onstitutional‬‭Monarchy:‬‭The‬‭actual‬‭power‬‭of‬‭the‬‭monarch‬‭may‬‭vary‬ C ‭from‬‭purely‬‭symbolic‬‭to‬‭partial‬‭and‬‭restricted‬‭to‬‭complete‬‭power.‬ ‭ ictatorship:‬‭is‬‭a‬‭form‬‭of‬‭government‬‭where‬‭a‬‭group‬‭of‬‭countries‬ D ‭(or‬‭a‬‭country)‬‭is‬‭ruled‬‭by‬‭one‬‭person‬‭or‬‭one‬‭person‬‭heading‬‭a‬ ‭political‬‭party.‬‭This‬‭person‬‭often‬‭has‬‭complete‬‭power.‬ ‭ uthoritarianism:‬‭is‬‭closely‬‭linked‬‭to‬‭dictatorial‬‭rule.‬‭This‬ A ‭means‬‭the‬‭strict‬‭enforcement‬‭of‬‭obedience‬‭to‬‭authority‬‭(e.g.,‬ ‭government)‬‭at‬‭the‬‭expense‬‭of‬‭personal‬‭freedom.‬ ‭ ligarchy:‬‭means‬‭that‬‭a‬‭small‬‭group‬‭of‬‭people‬‭rule‬‭over‬ O ‭everyone.‬‭In‬‭this‬‭case,‬‭a‬‭few‬‭people‬‭are‬‭in‬‭charge‬‭of‬‭the‬‭country‬‭or‬ ‭Government.‬‭This‬‭is‬‭also‬‭referred‬‭to‬‭as‬‭the‬‭Rule‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Few.‬ ‭ ristocracy:‬‭is‬‭a‬‭form‬‭of‬‭government‬‭that‬‭places‬‭power‬‭in‬‭the‬ A ‭hands‬‭of‬‭a‬‭small,‬‭privileged‬‭ruling‬‭class.‬‭These‬‭people‬‭often‬‭have‬ ‭family‬‭connections‬‭to‬‭power‬‭and‬‭inheritance‬‭of‬‭this‬‭power‬‭is‬‭a‬ ‭common‬‭feature‬‭of‬‭aristocracies‬‭(this‬‭is‬‭not‬‭required,‬‭however,‬‭for‬ ‭oligarchies‬‭in‬‭general).‬ ‭ unta:‬‭refers‬‭to‬‭a‬‭form‬‭of‬‭governance‬‭in‬‭which‬‭a‬ J ‭state‬‭has‬‭been‬‭taken‬‭over‬‭by‬‭force‬‭and‬‭is‬‭being‬ ‭controlled‬‭by‬‭a‬‭small‬‭group‬‭of‬‭individuals.‬ ‭ eritocracy:refers‬‭to‬‭a‬‭system‬‭of‬‭governance‬‭where‬‭a‬‭small‬‭group‬‭of‬ M ‭those‬‭who‬‭are‬‭best‬‭suited‬‭to‬‭rule,‬‭or‬‭have‬‭the‬‭greatest‬‭merit‬‭rule‬‭the‬ ‭state.‬ ‭ lutocracy:‬‭is‬‭a‬‭form‬‭of‬‭governance‬‭where‬‭those‬‭with‬‭great‬ P ‭wealth‬‭have‬‭great‬‭influence‬‭and,‬‭therefore,‬‭power‬‭to‬‭control‬ ‭political‬‭events‬‭in‬‭a‬‭country.‬ ‭ heocracy:‬‭is‬‭a‬‭form‬‭of‬‭governance‬‭in‬‭which‬‭religious‬‭leaders‬‭control‬ T ‭the‬‭state.‬ ‭ emocracy:‬‭means‬‭that‬‭a‬‭large‬‭segment‬‭of‬‭the‬ D ‭population‬‭have‬‭input‬‭into‬‭governance‬‭and‬‭decision‬ ‭ aking‬‭or‬‭have‬‭voted‬‭to‬‭place‬‭people‬‭in‬‭charge‬‭of‬‭the‬ m ‭country‬‭or‬‭its‬‭government.‬‭Also‬‭referred‬‭to‬‭as‬‭the‬‭Rule‬‭of‬‭the‬‭many.‬ ‭ irect‬‭Democracy:‬‭(also‬‭known‬‭as‬‭pure‬‭democracy)‬‭is‬ D ‭a‬‭form‬‭of‬‭democracy‬‭in‬‭which‬‭people‬‭decide‬‭on‬‭issues‬‭of‬ ‭public‬‭concern‬‭or‬‭policy‬‭initiatives‬‭directly‬‭(i.e.,‬‭citizens‬ ‭have‬‭say‬‭in‬‭a‬‭variety‬‭of‬‭decisions‬‭through‬‭voting).‬ ‭ epresentative‬‭Democracy:‬‭is‬‭a‬‭type‬‭of‬‭democracy‬‭founded‬‭on‬‭the‬ R ‭principle‬‭of‬‭elected‬‭officials‬‭representing‬‭a‬‭group‬‭of‬‭people.‬ ‭ galitarianism:‬‭the‬‭belief‬‭that‬‭all‬‭members‬‭of‬‭a‬‭group‬‭are‬‭more‬‭or‬‭less‬ E ‭equal‬‭and‬‭deserve‬‭to‬‭be‬‭treated‬‭this‬‭way.‬ ‭ tateless‬‭Societies:‬‭small‬‭cultural‬‭groups‬‭in‬‭which‬‭authority‬‭is‬‭shared‬ S ‭by‬‭lineages‬‭of‬‭equal‬‭power‬‭instead‬‭of‬ ‭being‬‭exercised‬‭by‬‭a‬‭central‬‭government.‬ ‭ ity‬‭State:‬ C ‭▫‬‭A‬‭city‬‭and‬‭its‬‭surrounding‬‭lands‬‭functioning‬‭as‬‭an‬‭independent‬ ‭political‬‭unit.‬ ‭▫‬‭People‬‭identified‬‭based‬‭on‬‭their‬‭city‬‭of‬‭origin‬‭(countries‬‭did‬‭not‬‭exist).‬ ‭ olis:‬‭By‬‭750‬‭BCE,‬‭the‬‭Greek‬‭city-state‬‭or‬‭polis‬ P ‭was‬‭the‬‭basis‬‭for‬‭political‬‭organization‬‭in‬ ‭areas‬‭around‬‭the‬‭Aegean‬‭Sea.‬ ‭ epublic:In‬‭a‬‭republic,‬‭citizens‬‭have‬‭the‬‭right‬‭to‬‭vote‬‭for‬‭their‬‭leaders.‬ R ‭In‬‭the‬‭Roman‬‭Republic,‬‭voting‬‭rights‬‭were‬‭restricted‬‭to‬‭free-born‬ ‭males.‬ ‭ atricians:‬‭The‬‭patricians‬‭were‬‭wealthy‬‭and‬‭highly‬‭influential‬ P ‭landowners‬‭(relatively‬‭few‬‭in‬‭number).‬‭Their‬‭power‬‭was‬‭inherited‬ ‭through‬‭family‬‭lines‬‭and‬‭many‬‭held‬‭government‬‭positions.‬‭They‬ ‭thought‬‭tradition‬‭justified‬‭their‬‭power.‬ ‭ lebeians:‬‭The‬‭plebeians‬‭were‬‭farmers,‬‭merchants,‬‭and‬‭artisans‬‭(the‬ P ‭majority‬‭of‬‭the‬‭population).‬‭These‬‭were‬‭citizens‬‭with‬‭the‬‭right‬‭to‬‭vote,‬ ‭but‬‭could‬‭not‬‭make‬‭laws‬‭or‬‭hold‬‭vital‬‭government‬‭positions.‬‭Eventually‬ ‭tribunes,‬‭or‬‭officials‬‭elected‬‭from‬‭the‬‭plebeian‬‭numbers,‬‭were‬ ‭introduced‬‭in‬‭order‬‭to‬‭protect‬‭the‬‭rights‬‭of‬‭the‬‭plebeians‬‭and‬‭reduce‬ ‭abuses‬‭of‬‭power‬‭by‬‭patricians.‬ ‭Written‬‭Response‬ ‭1.‬‭Using‬‭the‬‭terms‬‭listed‬‭above,‬‭give‬‭2‬‭examples‬‭each‬‭of‬‭rule‬‭of‬ ‭one,‬‭rule‬‭of‬‭a‬‭few,‬‭and‬‭rule‬‭of‬‭many.‬ ‭Rule‬‭of‬‭one:‬ ‭1.Dictatorship:‬‭is‬‭a‬‭form‬‭of‬‭government‬‭where‬‭a‬‭group‬‭of‬ ‭countries‬ ‭(or‬‭a‬‭country)‬‭is‬‭ruled‬‭by‬‭one‬‭person‬‭or‬‭one‬‭person‬‭heading‬‭a‬ ‭political‬‭party.‬‭This‬‭person‬‭often‬‭has‬‭complete‬‭power.‬ ‭ ‬‭Various‬‭mechanisms‬‭are‬‭used‬‭by‬‭dictators‬‭to‬‭ensure‬‭power‬ ‭remains‬‭in‬‭their‬‭hands‬‭(e.g.,‬‭laws,‬‭military)‬ ‭.Monarchy:‬‭A‬‭monarchy‬‭is‬‭a‬‭form‬‭of‬‭government‬‭in‬ 2 ‭which‬‭one‬‭member‬‭of‬‭a‬‭family‬‭(dynasty)‬‭exercises‬ ‭sovereignty‬‭(power‬‭and‬‭authority).‬ ‭ ule‬‭of‬‭a‬‭few:‬ R ‭1.Aristocracy:‬‭is‬‭a‬‭form‬‭of‬‭government‬‭that‬‭places‬‭power‬‭in‬‭the‬  ‭ ands‬‭of‬‭a‬‭small,‬‭privileged‬‭ruling‬‭class.‬‭These‬‭people‬‭often‬ h ‭have‬ ‭family‬‭connections‬‭to‬‭power‬‭and‬‭inheritance‬‭of‬‭this‬‭power‬‭is‬‭a‬ ‭common‬‭feature‬‭of‬‭aristocracies‬‭(this‬‭is‬‭not‬‭required,‬‭however,‬ ‭for‬ ‭oligarchies‬‭in‬‭general).‬ ‭.Meritocracy:‬‭refers‬‭to‬‭a‬‭system‬‭of‬‭governance‬‭where‬‭a‬‭small‬ 2 ‭group‬‭of‬‭those‬‭who‬‭are‬‭best‬‭suited‬‭to‬‭rule,‬‭or‬‭have‬‭the‬‭greatest‬ ‭merit‬‭rule‬‭the‬‭state.‬ ‭ ule‬‭of‬‭many:‬ R ‭1.Direct‬‭Democracy:‬‭(also‬‭known‬‭as‬‭pure‬‭democracy)‬‭is‬ ‭a‬‭form‬‭of‬‭democracy‬‭in‬‭which‬‭people‬‭decide‬‭on‬‭issues‬‭of‬ ‭public‬‭concern‬‭or‬‭policy‬‭initiatives‬‭directly‬‭(i.e.,‬‭citizens‬ ‭have‬‭say‬‭in‬‭a‬‭variety‬‭of‬‭decisions‬‭through‬‭voting).‬ ‭.Representative‬‭Democracy:‬‭is‬‭a‬‭type‬‭of‬‭democracy‬‭founded‬‭on‬ 2 ‭the‬‭principle‬‭of‬‭elected‬‭officials‬‭representing‬‭a‬‭group‬‭of‬‭people.‬ ‭2.‬‭Explain‬‭what‬‭we‬‭know‬‭about‬‭paleolithic‬‭and‬‭neolithic‬ ‭governance.‬ ‭Paleolithic‬‭Governance‬ ‭Stone‬‭age‬‭peoples‬‭organized‬‭themselves‬‭in‬‭a‬‭far‬‭less‬‭formal‬ ‭manner‬‭than‬‭we‬‭do‬‭today.‬‭That‬‭said,‬‭they‬‭based‬‭their‬‭societies‬ ‭around‬‭egalitarianism,‬‭shared‬‭decision‬‭making,‬‭and‬‭consensus‬ ‭building.‬‭Shared‬‭decision‬‭making‬‭and‬‭consensus‬‭building‬‭:‬ ‭being‬‭more‬‭or‬‭less‬‭equal‬‭meant‬‭that‬‭decisions‬‭likely‬ ‭affected‬‭most‬‭of‬‭society‬‭in‬‭similar‬‭ways.‬‭It‬‭was‬‭in‬‭the‬‭best‬ ‭interest‬‭of‬‭the‬‭group‬‭to‬‭do‬‭what‬‭was‬‭best‬‭for‬‭everyone‬‭to‬ ‭survive.‬  ‭ eolithic‬‭Governance‬ N ‭For‬‭most‬‭of‬‭human‬‭history‬‭(i.e.,‬‭prehistory),‬‭societies‬‭contained‬ ‭no‬‭form‬‭of‬‭identifiable‬‭government‬‭as‬‭we‬‭know‬‭it‬‭today.‬‭Society‬ ‭would‬‭grow‬‭increasingly‬‭complex‬‭as‬‭civilization‬‭developed:‬ ‭▫‬‭Advanced‬‭cities‬‭brought‬‭larger‬‭populations‬‭and‬‭the‬‭need‬‭for‬ ‭increased‬‭trade.‬ ‭▫‬‭Specialization‬‭resulted‬‭in‬‭artisans‬‭producing‬‭specific‬‭goods‬‭for‬ ‭trade,‬‭but‬‭also‬‭provided‬ ‭noticeable‬‭differences‬‭among‬‭roles‬‭in‬‭the‬‭community‬‭(class‬ ‭systems‬‭developed).‬ ‭▫‬‭Advanced‬‭technology‬‭and‬‭record‬‭keeping‬‭made‬‭trade,‬‭defense,‬ ‭and‬‭other‬‭tasks‬‭more‬ ‭effective‬‭and‬‭diverse.‬ ‭3.‬‭Explain‬‭what‬‭is‬‭known‬‭about‬‭the‬‭government‬‭of‬‭Sumer.‬ I‭n‬‭Sumer‬‭(Mesopotamia)‬‭governance‬‭took‬‭the‬‭form‬‭of‬ ‭autocratic‬‭rule,‬‭specifically‬‭a‬‭theocracy‬‭developed.‬ ‭4.‬‭Why‬‭were‬‭Draco,‬‭Solon‬‭and‬‭Cleisthenes‬‭important?‬ ‭ raco:‬‭was‬‭a‬‭nobleman‬‭who‬‭took‬‭control‬‭of‬‭Athens‬‭in‬‭621‬ D ‭BCE.‬ ‭Solon:‬‭In‬‭594‬‭BCE,‬‭Solon‬‭extended‬‭reforms‬‭to‬‭the‬‭Athenian‬ ‭political‬‭system.‬ ‭Cleisthenes:‬‭Around‬‭the‬‭year‬‭500‬‭BCE,‬‭another‬‭leader‬‭of‬ ‭Athens,‬‭Cleisthenes,‬‭introduced‬  ‭more‬‭reforms.‬ ‭5.‬‭What‬‭was‬‭the‬‭structure‬‭of‬‭the‬‭Roman‬‭Republic?‬ ‭ he‬‭Roman‬‭Republic‬‭was‬‭a‬‭remarkable‬‭political‬‭system‬‭characterized‬ T ‭by‬‭a‬‭balance‬‭of‬‭power,‬‭a‬‭variety‬‭of‬‭elected‬‭officials,‬‭and‬‭a‬‭reliance‬‭on‬ ‭both‬‭checks‬‭and‬‭balances‬‭and‬‭popular‬‭participation.‬‭Its‬‭structure‬ ‭allowed‬‭for‬‭the‬‭management‬‭of‬‭an‬‭expanding‬‭empire‬‭and‬‭the‬ ‭resolution‬‭of‬‭internal‬‭conflicts,‬‭but‬‭over‬‭time,‬‭its‬‭inherent‬ ‭contradictions—especially‬‭between‬‭the‬‭aristocratic‬‭Senate‬‭and‬‭the‬ ‭popular‬‭assemblies—contributed‬‭to‬‭its‬‭decline‬‭and‬‭eventual‬ ‭replacement‬‭by‬‭imperial‬‭rule.‬ ▫‭ ‬‭The‬‭patricians‬‭were‬‭wealthy‬‭and‬‭highly‬‭influential‬‭landowners‬ ‭(relatively‬ ‭few‬‭in‬‭number).‬‭Their‬‭power‬‭was‬‭inherited‬‭through‬‭family‬‭lines‬ ‭and‬‭many‬ ‭held‬‭government‬‭positions.‬‭They‬‭thought‬‭tradition‬‭justified‬‭their‬ ‭power.‬ ‭▫‬‭The‬‭plebeians‬‭were‬‭farmers,‬‭merchants,‬‭and‬‭artisans‬‭(the‬ ‭majority‬‭of‬‭the‬ ‭population).‬‭These‬‭were‬‭citizens‬‭with‬‭the‬‭right‬‭to‬‭vote,‬‭but‬‭could‬ ‭not‬‭make‬ ‭laws‬‭or‬‭hold‬‭vital‬‭government‬‭positions.‬‭Eventually‬‭tribunes,‬‭or‬ ‭officials‬ ‭elected‬‭from‬‭the‬‭plebeian‬‭numbers,‬‭were‬‭introduced‬‭in‬‭order‬‭to‬ ‭protect‬‭the‬ ‭rights‬‭of‬‭the‬‭plebeians‬‭and‬‭reduce‬‭abuses‬‭of‬‭power‬‭by‬ ‭patricians.‬ ‭ ‬‭By‬‭451‬‭BCE,‬‭Roman‬‭laws‬‭began‬‭to‬‭be‬‭written‬‭down‬‭(this‬ ‭lessened‬‭the‬‭chances‬ t‭hat‬‭patricians‬‭would‬‭interpret‬‭oral‬‭laws‬‭to‬‭suit‬‭their‬‭own‬‭needs).‬ ‭The‬‭Twelve‬ ‭Tables‬‭were‬‭twelve‬‭tablets‬‭displayed‬‭in‬‭the‬‭Forum‬‭that‬‭outlined‬ ‭established‬ ‭laws.‬‭With‬‭this,‬‭all‬‭free‬‭citizens‬‭had‬‭the‬‭right‬‭to‬‭protection‬‭under‬ ‭the‬‭law.‬ ‭▫‬‭Two‬‭consuls‬‭controlled‬‭the‬‭armies‬‭of‬‭Rome,‬‭but‬‭their‬‭power‬ ‭was‬‭limited:‬ ‭A‬‭consul’s‬‭term‬‭was‬‭1‬‭year,‬‭after‬‭which‬‭they‬‭could‬‭not‬‭be‬‭elected‬ ‭to‬‭the‬‭position‬‭for‬‭another‬‭10‬ ‭years.‬ ‭One‬‭consul‬‭could‬‭always‬‭veto‬‭or‬‭overrule‬‭the‬‭other’s‬‭decisions.‬ ‭▫‬‭The‬‭senate‬‭was‬‭a‬‭group‬‭of‬‭300‬‭patricians‬‭who‬‭had‬‭powers‬‭to‬ ‭create‬‭laws‬‭and‬‭oversee‬‭public‬‭affairs.‬ ‭Later‬‭plebeians‬‭could‬‭serve‬‭as‬‭senators.‬ ‭▫‬‭Plebeian‬‭assemblies‬‭elected‬‭tribunes‬‭and‬‭made‬‭laws‬‭for‬‭lower‬ ‭classes‬‭and‬‭later‬‭the‬‭whole‬‭republic.‬ ‭▫‬‭In‬‭emergency‬‭situations,‬‭a‬‭dictator‬‭with‬‭absolute‬‭power‬‭could‬ ‭be‬‭appointed‬‭to‬‭address‬‭issues.‬