Humanities & Social Sciences 12 Democracy PDF

HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES 12 TRENDS, NETWORK & CRITICAL THINKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY DEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY democracies are capable of democratizing themselves."...

HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES 12 TRENDS, NETWORK & CRITICAL THINKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY DEMOCRACY DEMOCRACY democracies are capable of democratizing themselves." - came from the Greek word demos and kratos which means people and rule, which PARLIAMENTARY literally means the rule of the people. - head of the government was chosen by - this refers to a political system in which the legislature. the government is form by the people. The key elements of democracy are: - government will stay in office for a participation of the people in decision specified period unless the prime minister making, equality and justice. loses support of the majority on an important vote. TYPES OF DEMOCRACY PRESIDENTIAL CONSTITUTIONAL - the executive and legislative branches are separate bodies elected independently by - the authority of the majority is limited by the citizens. legal and institutional means. Therefore, the rights of individuals and minorities are - the people elect the president elections respected. are held at set intervals. - this the form of democracy practiced in DIMENSIONS OF DEMOCRACY Germany, Israel, Japan and the United States. DEMOCRACY REPRESENTATIVE HORIZONTAL - the citizens elect officials to create and vote on laws, policies, making important - comprises the disproportionality of the decisions, and other matters of government electoral system, the number of the parties, on their behalf. the executive-legislative relationship, the interest groups and the degree of central - representatives are elected by the people bank independence. and entrusted to carry out the business of governance. VERTICAL DIRECT - we find federalism, decentralization, bicameralism, the rigidity of constitutional - in this form of democracy, citizens are provisions and the strength of judicial continuously involved in the exercise of review. power and decision is by majority rule. It is a type of democracy in which people decide ORTHOGONAL on policy initiatives directly. - comprises the type of government cabinet MONITORY and the strength of direct democracy. - relies on the assumption that democracies are "the most power sensitive policies ever known to humanity,  HUMANITIES & SOCIAL SCIENCES 12 TRENDS, NETWORK & CRITICAL THINKING IN THE 21ST CENTURY DEMOCRACY REPRESENTATIVE - characterized by an inclusive system of VOTING opportunities for pursuing the public’s - voluntary, periodic selection of leadership interest and common good. citizen takes of other positions. part in collective action and decision making in civic and official spheres. The WEALTH involvement of the citizen is active. - a rich society is more capable of UNDEMOCRATIC PRACTICES IN benefitting all individuals. DEMOCRATIC & SOCIAL RELATIONS CIVIL LIBERTIES 1. gender inequality in gender and sexual - preserving rights to do such-and-such identity activities, in order to prevent oppression 2. wealth distribution and poverty and remove barriers to individual success. 3. race relations, suffrage, and political marginalization DEMOCRACY 4. cultural domination, representation, and the politics of recognition BALANCE OF POWER - large population, checks-and-balances, influence by companies or intellectuals, free markets, etc. assisting to determine that a nation is partly guided by its people. MERITOCRACY - reward system and disincentives for criminals, in order to establish some order in the society. LIMITS ON TERMS OF OFFICE AND OTHER POWERS - restraining the power of any one office, so as not to permit individual lopsidedness. This may involve the objective acceptance of individual contributions without excessive reward, with no punishment, and as it suits the aims of society as a whole. DIFFERENCES BETWEEN REPRESENTATIVE & PARTICIPATORY PARTICIPATORY - characterized by voting and competitive elections among predetermined choices. An effective everything; from corruption to poverty. The involvement of the citizen is limited.