COMP 007 - Week 2 - Introduction to Operating Systems-1.pdf

COMP 007 - Week 2 Introduction to Operating Systems Prepared by: Asst. Prof. Ma. Ymelda C. Batalla, MIT Faculty POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  At the...

COMP 007 - Week 2 Introduction to Operating Systems Prepared by: Asst. Prof. Ma. Ymelda C. Batalla, MIT Faculty POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  At the end of the lesson, the student will be able to: ▪ Define the different terminology used in operating systems; and ▪ Describe the basic role of operating systems. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS Try This Out! POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Scramble Words #1 UPOCTREM YSEMTS POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Scramble Words #2 DERWAHAR POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Scramble Words #3 TWSRAFEO POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Scramble Words #4 RSSUE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Scramble Words #5 RPGEONAIT MSTSEY POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS Introduction POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Introduction In this era, all tasks are done using computers. Such as conducting research; buying food; paying bills; interactions via social networking sites; seeking entertainment; working from home; sending messages to colleagues; and many more. Therefore, knowing how to operate a computer is not enough; understanding its parts and how each part contributes to its operation is also important. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  What is Computer System? POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  What is Computer System? A computer system is a collection of complete and functional hardware and software setups with everything needed to implement computing performance. It is designed to receive, process, manage, store, and present the information in an understandable format. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Components of Computer System ▪ Computer Software It refers to a programs or applications (intangible parts of computer) used to direct the operation of a computer, as well as documentation giving instructions on how to use them. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Components of Computer System (continuation) Types of Software: ▪ System Software It is a set of programs that controls the operations of the computer and its devices. ▪ Application Software It is a set of programs that performs specific tasks for users. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Components of Computer System (continuation) ▪ Computer Hardware It refers to the physical or tangible parts of a computer, such as the input devices, output devices, storage devices, CPU, etc. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Components of Computer System (continuation) https://learn.clf.uk/ https://www.researchgate.net/publication/ Yusuf Ebrahim-University of Nairobi POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  What is Operating System? POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Operating System An operating system (OS) is a set of one or more programs that provides a set of services that serves as an interface between users, the application software, and the computer hardware, and which allocates and manages resources shared among multiple processes. It is a part of a computer system (system software); it also manages all hardware and software. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Operating System (continuation) It controls every file, device, section of main memory, and nanosecond of processing time; controls who can use the system; and controls how the system is used. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Operating System (continuation) ▪ OS is a resource allocator – Manages all resources – Decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use ▪ OS is a control program – Controls execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer. ▪ “The one program running at all times on the computer” is the kernel. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  What is Kernel? A kernel is the central/core component of OS that resides in the main memory (protected Kernel space) at all times where it performs the most essential operating tasks, and it is protected hardware from user tampering. It has full control over everything in the system. Each operation of hardware and software is managed and administrated by the kernel. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Purpose of Kernel ▪ It provides the interfaces needed for users and applications to interact with the computer. ▪ It launches and manages applications. ▪ It manages the underlying system hardware devices. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Two (2) Related Goals of OS ▪ Convenience Operating System mainly developed to make the use of computer easier. ▪ Efficiency Operating System should ensure that the computer resources are managed properly. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Components of Operating System POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Components of Operating System POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Components of Operating System (continuation) Essential subsystem managers: ▪ Command Interpreter System (User Interface) ▪ Memory Manager ▪ Processor Manager ▪ I/O Device Manager ▪ File Manager ▪ Secondary Storage Manager ▪ Network Manager ▪ Security Manager POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Components of Operating System (continuation) Each manager: ▪ Works closely with other managers ▪ Performs a unique role Manager tasks ▪ Monitor its resources continuously ▪ Enforce policies determining: ▪ Who gets what, when, and how much ▪ Allocate the resource (when appropriate) ▪ Deallocate the resource (when appropriate) POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Command Interpreter System User Command Interface / UI ▪ Provides user communication – User issues commands to operating system ▪ Unique to each operating system – May vary between versions ▪ Essential managers provide support POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Main Memory Management ▪ In charge of main memory – Random Access Memory (RAM) ▪ Responsibilities include: – Preserving space in main memory occupied by operating system – Checking validity and legality of memory space request – Setting up memory tracking table ▪ Tracks usage of memory by sections ▪ Needed in multiuser environment – Deallocating memory to reclaim it POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Processor Management ▪ In charge of allocating the Central Processing Unit (CPU) ▪ Tracks process status – An instance of program execution ▪ Two levels of responsibility: – Handle jobs as they enter the system ▪ Handled by Job Scheduler – Manage each process within those jobs ▪ Handled by Process Scheduler POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  I/O Device Management ▪ In charge of monitoring all resources – Devices, channels, and control units ▪ Responsibilities include: – Choosing most efficient resource allocation method ▪ Printers, ports, disk drives, etc. ▪ Based on scheduling policy – Allocating the device – Starting device operation – Deallocating the device POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  File Management ▪ In charge of tracking every file in the system – Data files, program files, compilers, application programs ▪ Responsibilities include: – Enforcing user/program resource access restrictions ▪ Uses predetermined access policies – Controlling user/program modification restrictions ▪ Read-only, read-write, create, delete – Allocating resource ▪ Opening the file ▪ Deallocating file (by closing it) POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Secondary-Storage Manager ▪ In charge to store files permanently. ▪ Responsibilities include: – Storage allocation – Free space management – Disk scheduling POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Network Management ▪ In charge of monitoring the network ▪ Operating systems with networking capability ▪ Convenient way for users to share resources ▪ Retains user access control ▪ Resources include: – Hardware (CPUs, memory areas, printers, tape drives, modems, and disk drives) – Software (compilers, application programs, and data files) POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Security Management ▪ In charge of securing all the activities in the computer system ▪ To control and protect the access of programs, process, or other resources defined by the computer control. POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  Cooperation Issues Essential manager ▪ Perform individual tasks and ▪ Harmoniously interact with other managers –Requires incredible precision ▪ No single manager performs tasks in isolation POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS  References: ▪ Holcombe, J. (2020). Operating Systems, 6e. McGraw Hill Education ▪ Barnes, R. (2020). Understanding Operating Systems. Lanrye International ▪ Tomsho, G. (2019). Guide to Operating Systems. Cengage ▪ https://www.javatpoint.com/operating-system ▪ https://www.tutorialspoint.com/kernel-in-operating- system POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS Thank you! POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES SANTA ROSA CAMPUS