Cultural Studies Notes PDF

CULTURAL STUDIES Lasswell’s formula : to whom Recap functionalism : studies the deduct media have on their subjects, limited e ect… -Culture- Start in the Birmingham centre, it’s in this kind of context that have the theory on clothes a...

CULTURAL STUDIES Lasswell’s formula : to whom Recap functionalism : studies the deduct media have on their subjects, limited e ect… -Culture- Start in the Birmingham centre, it’s in this kind of context that have the theory on clothes and capitalism. Marx predicted…( écouter enregistrement ) Revolution release to a collaborative with capitalism. ⁃ Richard hoggart : use of literacy (1957) —> context of capitalization after industrialization, there is a care of culture. If we think about culture we think of high culture ( pop, literature), we actually lack some of de nitions of culture. In relation to the new media context which is mass production, and bc of it we lose some cultures. The groups in society that are not in upper class can also have a voice. we need to look at lived experience, need to see how people lives. To analyse culture you have to look at experiences. We are losing authentic ways of living because of mass production. We losing traditional culture. ⁃ Raymond williams : cultural materialism : analyzes how various political ideologies appropriate cultural artefacts and are reproduced within them. Stuart hall : key gure for the all media study scene He work a lot with theory of identity, he wrote as his proper experience, feeling nowhere in culture. Heavily invested in multiculturalism, decolonization, critical race theory. He actually agree with the functionalist, we have to analyse culture…. ( 15h49 enregistrement ) -Encoding/decoding- If we look at certain message, people will see low things in it. Depending on who you are you will look at things di erently. Your com is always Distord by di erent factors… Revoir slides Di erent ways of encoding : Hegemonic or dominant encoding: the code is in line with the norms and values which are accepted as normal, common-sensical elements of society’s culture ff ff fi ff fi ff  Negotiated encoding: a code combining both the dominant social norms as well as elements drawn from (various) radical code(s) that oppose dominant social norms Oppositional encoding: a code informed by norms and values that are antagonistic and opposed to the ones that are dominant in society Di erent ways of decoding : Accepting or preferential reading: the message is decoded via the code used by the sender to encode the message; the meaning given by the consumer to the message is the one preferred by the sender Negotiated reading: the consumer acknowledges the preferred reading, but does not completely go along with it. Some elements from the encoding are accepted, others are rejected Alternative reading: the reader understands but rejects the preferential reading, and decodes the message in a manner that goes against the preferences of the producer of the message ff