Cultural Studies Overview

A way of encoding a message that aligns with commonly accepted values and norms within a society.

A way of encoding a message that incorporates elements from both dominant and opposing social norms. It blends the mainstream with elements that challenge the status quo.

A way of encoding a message that uses values and norms that actively oppose dominant societal norms.

When the receiver of a message understands and accepts the intended meaning as intended by the sender.

When the receiver understands the sender's intended meaning but only partially agrees with it. Some elements are accepted, while others are rejected.

The study of how various political ideologies are embedded within cultural artifacts and reproduced through them.

A theoretical approach that emphasizes the impact of mass media on society, focusing on the effects of media on its audience.

A process where media producers create a message with a specific intended meaning, while the audience interprets it based on their own experiences and understanding.

A theoretical framework that investigates the social and cultural significance of clothing and fashion in relation to capitalism.

The study of how people understand and create meaning in their everyday lives, particularly in relation to popular culture.