Ch1-L1-Intro-to-OS-Full.pptx.pdf

Introduction to operating systems John Dustin Santos Overview Operating systems (OS) are the software that manage and control computer hardware, serving as an intermediary between software applications and hardware resources. They provide a unified interface for software to run effic...

Introduction to operating systems John Dustin Santos Overview Operating systems (OS) are the software that manage and control computer hardware, serving as an intermediary between software applications and hardware resources. They provide a unified interface for software to run efficiently and securely, and facilitate user interaction with the computer system. This chapter covers the definition of an operating system, its evolution over time, its key components such as the kernel, file system, and user interface, and its main goals and functions, including resource management, process scheduling, memory management, and device management. Understanding the basics of operating systems is crucial for anyone interested in computer systems and software development. Objectives At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: gain a solid understanding of the fundamental concepts, components, and functions of operating systems; be introduced to various types of operating systems, including batch operating systems, time-sharing operating systems, network operating systems, distributed operating systems, and mobile operating systems; understand the goals and objectives of operating systems; Operating System Definition, Responsibilities and Goals What is Operating System? Operating System is a program that manages the computer hardware and other software applications. Acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and the computer user. OS Responsibilities Receptionist OS Responsibilities Security officer OS Responsibilities Traffic officer OS Responsibilities Dispatcher OS Responsibilities Accountant/Bookkeeper OS Responsibilities Manager/ Resource Manager Goals of Operating System Make the computer system convenient to use. Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner. Types of Operating System Types of Operating System Batch Operating System Time-sharing Operating System Single-User Operating System Distributed Operating System Network Operating System Real Time Operating System Handheld Operating System Batch Operating System jobs which are of similar type are grouped together and treated as a batch. Batch OS Examples IBM OS/360 (Operating System/360) UNIVAC EXEC 8 Burroughs MCP Time-sharing Operating System (a.k.a. multi-tasking system) Multiple jobs can be executed on a system at the same time by sharing the CPU time among them. Time-sharing OS Examples Unix Linux Multics Time-sharing vs Multiprogramming Multiprogrammed Batch Time-sharing Systems Objective is to minimize response time Objective is to maximize processor use Designed to allow multiple users to Designed to automatically execute and share a computer's resources process a sequence of jobs or tasks simultaneously, with each user having without user intervention. their own isolated computing environment. Single-User Operating System a type of OS that is developed and intended for use on a computer or similar machine that will only have a single user at any given time. This is the most common type of OS used on a home computer, as well as on computers in offices and other work environments. Two types: Single-tasking Multitasking Single-User OS Examples Microsoft Windows MacOS Distributed Operating System a collection of several separate (individual) systems which communicate and cooperate with each other (using some software) in order to provide the users, access to various resources that the system maintains. Distributed OS Examples AIX operating system for IBM RS/6000 computers Solaris Mach/OS Network Operating System These systems run on a server and provide the capability to manage data, users, groups, security, applications, and other networking functions. Network OS Examples Microsoft Windows Server CISCO Internetwork OS Real Time Operating System (RTOS) These types of OSs serves the real-time systems. The time interval required to process and respond to inputs is very small. This time interval is called response time. Types of RTOS Hard real-time systems Soft real-time systems Meant for applications where Less restrictive. time constraints are very strict They try to reach deadlines but and even the shortest possible do not fail if a deadline is missed. delay is not acceptable. Examples include audio and Examples include airplane sensor video systems, and weather and autopilot systems, monitoring systems. spacecraft and planetary rovers. Handheld Operating System Designed to run on machines that have lower speed processors and less memory. Thank you! Do you have any questions?