CC101_WEEK-4_HOW-DOES-THE-COMPUTER-WORKS-PART1 (1).pptx

WEEK 4 HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  At the end of the session, the students should be able to: 1. Identify and describe the different components of a computer system....

WEEK 4 HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  At the end of the session, the students should be able to: 1. Identify and describe the different components of a computer system. 2. Identify the different parts of computer 3. Describe the function of different computer parts. 2 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM How does computer works? 3 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM FUNCTIONAL UNITS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM 4 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM INPUT UNIT links the external environment with the computer system. accepts outside information. converts into digital signal suitable for computation. 5 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM OUTPUT UNIT / MEMORY UNIT it supplies information and results of computation to the outside world. communicates data stored in memory or processed data 6 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM STORAGE UNIT / MEMORY UNIT it provides space for storing data and instructions. space for intermediate results and also space for the final results. 7 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM STORAGE UNIT Regist er Cache Hierarchy of Main Memory storage devices Magnetic Disks or memory Magnetic Tapes hierarchy 8 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM MEMORY HIERARCHY MAGNETIC TAPE - This tape is a normal magnetic recording which is designed with a slender magnetizable covering on an extended, plastic film of the thin strip. MAGNETIC DISK - is a storage device that uses a magnetization process to write, rewrite and access data. It is covered with a magnetic coating and stores data in the form of tracks, spots and sectors 9 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM MEMORY HIERARCHY MAIN MEMORY - in a computer is called Random Access Memory. It is also known as RAM. This is the part of the computer that stores operating system software, software applications and other information for the central processing unit (CPU) to have fast and direct access when needed to perform tasks. 10 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM MEMORY HIERARCHY CACHE MEMORY - is a small-sized type of volatile computer memory that provides high-speed data access to a processor and stores frequently used computer programs, applications and data. REGISTERS - may hold an instruction, a storage a address, or any kind of data (such as a bit sequence or individual characters). 11 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) also known as processor or microprocessor. responsible for all events inside the computer. interpret and execute programs TWO LEADING MANUFACTURER: - INTEL - AMD (Advanced Micro Devices) 12 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) The main operations of the CPU include four phases: (1) Fetching instructions from the memory (2) Decoding the instructions to decide what operations to be performed (3) Executing the instructions (4) Storing the results back in the memory 13 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU) 14 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM BASIC COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM 15 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM COMPUTER SYSTEM Is a complete, working computer. The computer system includes not only the computer, but also any software and peripheral devices that are necessary to make the computer function. BASIC COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM: 1. HARDWARE 2. SOFTWARE 3. PEOPLEWARE 16 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM 17 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM HARDWARE It is best described as a device that is physically connected to your computer or something that can be physically touched. CATEGORIES OF COMPUTER HARDWARE: 1. Input Devices COMPUTE R 2. Output Devices SYSTEM HARDWAR E INPUT DEVICE 3. Storage Devices SOFTWARE PEOPLEWAR OUTPUT DEVICE STORAGE E DEVICE 18 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM INPUT DEVICE Any device that allows the person to communicate information to the computer / gives information to the computer system so that it can perform its tasks. EXAMPLES: Digital Camera Digitizing Tablet Keyboard Microphone Mouse 19 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM INPUT DEVICE 20 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM OUTPUT DEVICE Any device can receive data from another device and generate output with that data, but it cannot send data to another device. EXAMPLES: Monitor Printer Speaker Projector 21 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM OUTPUT DEVICE 22 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM STORAGE DEVICE Any computing hardware that is used for storing, porting and extracting data files and objects. It can hold and store information both temporarily and permanently, and can be internal or external to a computer, server or any similar computing device. TYPES OF STORAGE DEVICES: 1. PRIMARY STORAGE DEVICES 2. SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES 23 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM PRIMARY STORAGE DEVICES Also called as main memory; a non-volatile, temporary type of storage. EXAMPLE: RAM ROM PROM EEPROM 24 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM SECONDARY STORAGE DEVICES Also called as auxiliary memory, a volatile, permanent type of storage. EXAMPLE: Hard Disk Drive Floppy Disk Drive Optical Disk (Compact Disks) Flash drive Memory card 25 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM PARTS OF THE MOTHERBOARD 26 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM Motherboard A motherboard is one of the most essential parts of a computer system. It holds together many of the crucial components of a computer, including the central processing unit (CPU), memory and connectors for input and output devices. 27 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM MOTHERBOARD DESIGN 28 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM Socket It is a connection that allows a computer processors to be connected to a motherboard. 29 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM ATX Power Connector Connectors inside your computer that connects the computer power supply to an ATX style motherboard. 30 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM Memory Slot A memory slot, memory socket, or RAM slot is what allows computer memory (RAM) to be inserted into the computer. Depending on the motherboard, there may be 2 to 4 memory slots (sometimes more on high- end motherboards) and are what determine the type of RAM used with the computer 31 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM DIMM Dual In-line Memory Module, DIMM is a circuit board that holds memory chips. DIMMs have a 64-bit path because of the Pentium Processor requirements. Because of the new bit path, DIMMs can be installed one at a time, unlike SIMMs on a Pentium that would require two to be added. Below is an example image of a 512MB DIMM memory stick. 32 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM TYPES OF RAM DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) SRAM (Static Random Access Memory) DDR (Double Data Rate) for desktop computers and SODIMM (Small Outline Dual Inline Memory Module) for laptop computers SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) 33 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM Integrated Drive Electronics Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) is a standard interface for connecting a motherboard to storage devices such as hard drives and CD-ROM/DVD drives. The original IDE had a 16-bit interface that connected two devices to a single-ribbon cable. IDE is also known as Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) or intelligent drive electronics (IDE). 34 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM Integrated Drive Electronics 35 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM Northbridge is an integrated circuit that is responsible for communications between the CPU interface, AGP, and the memory. Northbridge is directly connected to these components and acts like a "bridge" for the Southbridge chip to communicate with the CPU, RAM, and graphics controller. 36 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM Southbridge The Southbridge is an integrated circuit on the motherboard that is responsible for the hard drive controller, I/O controller and integrated hardware such as sound card, video card if present on the motherboard, USB, PCI, ISA IDE, BIOS, and Ethernet. 37 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM Accelerated Graphics Port It is an advanced port designed for Video cards and 3D accelerators. AGP introduces a dedicated point-to-point channel that allows the graphics controller direct access the system memory. 38 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 4 - HOW DOES COMPUTER WORKS Part 1 COMPUTER SYSTEM Peripheral Component Interconnect It is used to add peripherals to your computer such as Graphics card, Modem, additional USB ports. 39 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING 40