CC101_WEEK-3_EVOLUTION_OF_COMPUTING.pptx

WEEK 3 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  At the end of the session, the students should be able to: 1. Identify the timeline of computers and its evolution all through out the time. 2. Classify t...

WEEK 3 EVOLUTION OF COMPUTER CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  At the end of the session, the students should be able to: 1. Identify the timeline of computers and its evolution all through out the time. 2. Classify the different generation of computers. 3. Enumerate the CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING different types of 2  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING COMPUTER INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT 3 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING History of Computer 4 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING Pre-Mechanical Computing From Counting on fingers to pebbles, to hash marks on walls, to hash marks on bone, to hash marks in sand. (A) (B) (C) 5 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING Pre-Mechanical Computing The first development of signs corresponding to spoken, instead of pictures, to express words started in 3100 B.C. when the Sumerians in Mesopotamia (Southern Iraq) invented Cuneiform. The Egyptians used the first numbering system. 6 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING THE EVOLUTION OF COMPUTERS The First Calculator: The Abacus Popularized by: Chinese in 3000 BC a mechanical device for making calculations consisting of a frame mounted with rods along which beads, or balls are moved The Abacus was considered as the first informative processors, and was the man’s first recorded adding machine 7 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING MECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1450 – 1840) The first information explosion started on this age, especially when Johann Gutenberg invented the movable metal-type printing process in 1450 8 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING MECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1450 – 1840) Blaise Pascal’s Pascaline (1645) Invented by Blaise Pascal between 1642 and 1645. The 1st digital calculator. a boxed wheel-and- cog device It could add and subtract by the simple rotation of dials on the 9 CC101 machine’s face. - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING MECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1450 – 1840) Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz’s Stepped Reckoner (1674) Invented by Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz in 1673 attached a multiplication/divisi on device to Pascal’s adding machine first machine that could do subt raction, multiplication, and division easily. 10 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING MECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1450 – 1840) Jacquard’s Loom (1804) Invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1804 simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with complex patterns such as brocade, damask and matelassé controlled by punched cards with punched holes, each row of which corresponds to one row of the design. 11 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING MECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1450 – 1840) Charles Babbage’s Engines (1821 / 1837) - Charles Babbage is recognized today as the Father of Computers because his impressive designs for the Difference Engine and Analytical Engine 12 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING MECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1450 – 1840) Charles Babbage’s Difference Engine (1821) - Babbage’s inventions were born of the advances in technology that accompanied the Industrial Revolution 13 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING MECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1450 Charles – 1840) Babbage’s Analytical Engine (1837) - A mechanical adding machine that took information from punch card to solve and print complex mathematical operations. 14 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING MECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1450 – 1840) Augusta Ada Byron (“Ada Lovelace”) – 1815 – 1852 - Ada Lovelace is considered to be the “first programmer” who wrote her first program for Babbage’s difference engine 15 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1840 – 1940) Alexander Graham Bell (1876) - Alexander Graham Bell developed the first working telephone in 1876 and transmitted his now famous quotation “Watson, come here I want you”. 16 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1840 – 1940) Hollerith’s Tabulating Equipment (1890) an electrical device designed to assist in summarizing information and, later, accounting used relays (and solenoids) to increment mechanical counters Hollerith later went on to found the Tabulating Machine Company 17 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1840 – 1940) ELECTRONIC AGE (1940 - PRESENT) In early 1940’s electronic vacuum tube was developed by Lee De Forest, and this was important during those time because it provides an electrically controlled switch 18 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1840 – 1940) The ABC / Atanasoff-Berry Computer (1937 – 1942) The ABC was the first electronic digital computer, invented by John Vincent Atanasoff in 1937 and was officially released in 1942. it processed data in discrete, digital units (the digits 1 and 0) 19 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1840 – 1940) IBM Harvard MARK I (1944) devised by Howard H. Aiken, built at IBM and shipped to Harvard in February 1944 has been described as "the beginning of the era of the modern computer" 20 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1840 – 1940) ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (1946) designed to calculate artillery firing tables for the US Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory announced in 1946 as a "Giant Brain" Eckert and Mauchly University of Pennsylvania Trajectory tables for weapons Started 1943 and finished 1946 (Too late for war effort) 21 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1840 ENIAC - Electronic Numerical Integrator – 1940) and Computer (1946) Used until 1955 Decimal (not binary) 20 accumulators of 10 digits Programmed manually by switches 18,000 vacuum tubes 30 tons 15,000 square feet 140 kW power consumption and 5,000 additions per second 22 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1840 – 1940) The First Stored-Program Computer(s) EDVAC – 1940’s Mauchly and Eckert Manchester Mark I – 1948, Mark Newman EDSAC – first stored-program computer in general use 23 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING ELECTROMECHANICAL AGE COMPUTING (1840 – 1940) UNIVAC – The First General-Purpose Computer for Commercial Use (1951) - UNIVAC or the Universal Automatic Computer designed as a commercial data-processing computer. 24 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING GENERATION OF COMPUTERS First Generation – Vacuum Tubes 25 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING GENERATION OF COMPUTERS Second Generation - Transistors 26 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING GENERATION OF COMPUTERS Third Generation – Integrated Circuits 27 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING GENERATION OF COMPUTERS Fourth Generation – Microprocessors Large-Scale Integration (LSI) Contained hundreds to millions of transistors on a tiny chip Integrated circuits such as 1K-bit RAMs, calculator chips, and the first microprocessor approaching 10000 transistors, began to be produced around 1974, for computer main memories and second- generation microprocessors. 28 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING GENERATION OF COMPUTERS Fifth Generation – Artificial Intelligence - A group of related technologies used in an attempt to develop machines to emulate human-like qualities 29 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING TYPES OF COMPUTERS Microcomputer A personal computer; designed to meet the computer needs of an individual. Provides access to a wide variety of computing applications, such as word processing, photo editing, e- mail, and internet. 30 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING TYPES OF COMPUTERS Desktop Microcomputer A microcomputer that fits on a desk and runs on power from an electrical wall outlet. The CPU can be housed in either a vertical or a horizontal case. Has separate components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) that are each plugged into the computer. 31 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING TYPES OF COMPUTERS Laptop Computer A portable, compact computer that can run on an electrical wall outlet or a battery unit. All components (keyboard, mouse, etc.) are in one compact unit. Usually more expensive than a comparable desktop. Sometimes called a Notebook. 32 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING TYPES OF COMPUTERS Workstation Powerful desktop computer designed for specialized tasks. Can tackle tasks that require a lot of processing speed. Can also be an ordinary personal computer attached to a LAN (local area network). 33 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING TYPES OF COMPUTERS Supercomputer A computer that was the fastest in the world at the time it was constructed. Can tackle tasks that would not be practical for other computers. Typical uses Breaking codes Modeling weather systems 34 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING TYPES OF COMPUTERS Mainframe Large expensive computer capable of simultaneously processing data for hundreds or thousands of users. Used to store, manage, and process large amounts of data that need to be reliable, secure, and centralized. Usually CC101 housed - INTRODUCTION in a closet sized TO COMPUTING 35  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING TYPES OF COMPUTERS Server Purpose is to “serve.” A computer that has the purpose of supplying its users with data; usually through the use of a LAN (local area network). 36 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING TYPES OF COMPUTERS Handheld Also called a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant). A computer that fits into a pocket, runs on batteries, and is used while holding the unit in your hand. Typically used as an appointment book, address book, calculator, and notepad. - INTRODUCTION CC101Can be synchronized with a personal TO COMPUTING 37  WEEK 3 - EVOLUTION OF COMPUTING References: - Kenneth C. Laudon, Carol Guercio Traver, Jane P. Laudon, Information Technology and Systems, Cambridge, MA: Course Technology, 1996. - Stan Augarten, BIT By BIT: An Illustrated History of Computers (New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1984). - R. Moreau, The Computer Comes of Age: The People, the Hardware, and the Software, translated by J. Howlett (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1984). 38 CC101 - INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTING 39