Electrical Wiring Standards 2020 PDF

ARTICLE 24.1-06 ELECTRICAL WIRING STANDARDS Chapter 24.1-06-01 General Requirements 24.1-06-02 Wiring and Protection 24.1-06-03 Wiring Methods and Materials 24.1-06-04 Appliances 24.1-06-05 Special Occupa...

ARTICLE 24.1-06 ELECTRICAL WIRING STANDARDS Chapter 24.1-06-01 General Requirements 24.1-06-02 Wiring and Protection 24.1-06-03 Wiring Methods and Materials 24.1-06-04 Appliances 24.1-06-05 Special Occupancies 24.1-06-06 Special Equipment CHAPTER 24.1-06-01 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Section 24.1-06-01-10…………………........Requirements for Electrical Installations 24.1-06-01-20 ………………….......Water Damaged Electrical Equipment 24.1-06-01-30………………............Markings of Means of Egress, Illumination of Means of Egress, and Emergency Lighting 24.1-06-01-40…………………........Smoke Alarms, Heat Alarms, Fire Alarm Systems, and Carbon Monoxide Alarm Requirements for Evacuation and Life Safety 24.1-06-01-10. Requirements for electrical installations. Electrical installations shall be planned to provide adequate capacity for the load. 1. Wiring systems shall have conductors of sufficient capacity to furnish each outlet without excessive line loss or voltage drop. The voltage drop shall not exceed five percent at the farthest outlet of power, heating and lighting loads, or combinations of such loads. (See appendix for example.) 2. All wiring materials and equipment shall be listed by nationally recognized testing laboratories to safeguard life and property. It is the duty of the electrical installer to secure permission from the executive director to use materials, devices, and methods of installation not specifically covered by these standards. Equipment not approved under a testing laboratory category shall be evaluated by a registered professional engineer and recorded on evaluation forms accepted by the board. 38  Exception: Manufacturing firms that install industrial machinery for use by the firm itself and employ professional engineers may evaluate the industrial machinery according to NFPA 79 or UL 508 Standards. This evaluation shall be maintained with the equipment at all times and a copy submitted to the board. 3. When wiring public school buildings, approval shall be received from the department of public instruction and the board. 4. Overhead conductors shall not cross over water wells or known sites where water wells may be drilled. A minimum distance of twenty feet [6.10 meters] in all directions shall be maintained for overhead conductors. 5. In the wiring of nursing homes and hospitals, reference shall be made to the state department of health for special requirements pertaining to operating rooms, delivery rooms, and emergency lighting. 6. Aluminum conductors in sizes smaller than no. 6 shall not be used. Aluminum conductors installed and all corresponding materials shall be approved by testing laboratories. 7. All new construction shall follow the energy-efficient related requirements for design and construction of buildings in accordance with the locally adopted codes or the State Building Code. 24.1-06-01-20. Water damaged electrical equipment. Water damaged electrical equipment wiring and equipment exposed to water damage must comply with the following: 1. All breaker panel boards, breakers, fuses, disconnect switches, controllers, receptacles, switches, light fixtures, and electric heaters that have been submerged or exposed to water damage must be replaced or all electrical equipment, switchgear, motor control centers, boilers and boiler controls, electric motors, transformers, and other similar equipment, such as appliances, water heaters, dishwashers, ovens, and ranges that have been submerged must be reconditioned by the original manufacturer or by its approved representative or replaced. 39  2. Electrical wiring may require replacement depending on the type of wire or cable and what application it was listed for. 3. Splices and terminations must be checked to ensure compliance with article 110.14, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and article 110.14, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. 4. Energized electrical panels that have been submerged must be de-energized to prevent loss of life and property. Other recommendations can be found in "Guidelines for Handling Water Damaged Electrical Equipment" published by the national electrical manufacturers association (NEMA). 24.1-06-01-30. Markings of means of egress, illumination of means of egress, and emergency lighting. The purpose of this section is to provide marking of means of egress, illumination of means of egress, and emergency lighting of means of egress. Installations must comply with the requirements of NFPA 101® (7.10.6 and 7.10.7), Life Safety Code®, 2015 edition through December 31, 2020, and NFPA 101® (7.10.6 and 7.10.7), Life Safety Code®, 2018 edition thereafter or more stringent locally adopted codes. A condensed guide is included in the appendix for convenience, for complete and official information refer to the applicable standard. 24.1-06-01-40. Smoke alarms, heat alarms, fire alarm systems and carbon monoxide alarm requirements for evacuation and life safety. Alarm systems stated in this section shall be installed in accordance with the locally adopted codes or the State Building Code and state fire code under the supervision of a master or class B electrician. In new construction, all alarm systems shall receive their primary power from the building wiring and when primary power is interrupted, shall receive power from a battery. Wiring shall be permanent and without a disconnecting switch other than those required for overcurrent protection. 1. Dwelling units, congregate residences, and hotel or lodging house guest rooms that are used for sleeping purposes shall be provided with smoke alarms. Alarms shall be installed in accordance with the approved manufacturer's instructions. 40 a. When more than one smoke alarm is required to be installed within an individual dwelling unit the alarm devices shall be interconnected in such a manner that the actuation of one alarm will activate all of the alarms in the individual unit. Smoke alarms shall be installed in the following locations: (1) In each sleeping room. (2) Outside each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the sleeping rooms. (3) On each additional story of the dwelling, including basements and habitable attics but not including crawl spaces and uninhabitable attics. In dwellings or dwelling units with split levels and without an intervening door between the adjacent levels, a smoke alarm installed on the upper level shall suffice for the adjacent lower level provided that the lower level is less than one full story below the upper level. (4) In dwelling units where the ceiling height of a room open to the hallway serving the bedrooms exceeds that of the hallway by twenty-four inches [60.96 centimeters] or more, smoke alarms shall be installed in the hallway and in the adjacent room. b. Heat alarms. For new construction, an approved heat alarm shall be installed in the attached single tenant garage of a residence and interconnected with the smoke alarms within the residence. c. Household fire alarm systems installed in accordance with NFPA 72 that include smoke alarms, or a combination of smoke detectors and audible notification device installed as required by this section for smoke alarms, shall be permitted. The household fire alarm system shall provide the same level of smoke detection and alarm as required by this section for smoke alarms. Where a household fire warning system is installed using a combination of smoke detector and audible notification device, it shall become a permanent fixture of the occupancy and owned by the homeowner. The system shall be monitored by an approved supervising station and be maintained in accordance with NFPA 72 upper level. 41  2. Apartment houses, hotels, and congregate residences shall be provided with a manual and automatic fire alarm system in accordance with the requirements of locally adopted codes or the State Building Code and state fire codes. 3. An approved carbon monoxide alarm shall be installed outside of each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the bedrooms in dwelling units within which fuel-fired appliances are installed and in dwelling units that have attached garages. A table in the appendix is offered as a condensed guide for convenience. For further information consult the locally adopted codes or the State Building Code and state fire codes. 42  CHAPTER 24.1-06-02 WIRING AND PROTECTION Section 24.1-06-02-10.................................(NEC 210) Branch Circuits 24.1-06-02-30.................................(NEC 230) Services 24.1-06-02-40.................................(NEC 240) Overcurrent Protection 24.1-06-02-50.................................(NEC 250) Grounding and Bonding 24.1-06-02-10. (NEC 210) Branch circuits. Branch circuits shall comply with article 210, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and article 210, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. 1. The total connected load shall be divided as evenly as practicable, between the two ungrounded conductors of a three-wire system and three conductors of a four-wire wye system. 2. In a dwelling unit, a separate circuit with disconnect shall be provided for the purpose of operating or controlling electrical equipment for primary source heating units. Wiring requirements for fixed electrical space heating equipment is provided under article 424, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and article 424, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. 3. A minimum of six 20-amp small appliance branch circuits shall be installed for counter receptacles in kitchens that are used to serve public gatherings at schools, churches, lodges, and similar buildings. Any island counter in these locations shall have at least one receptacle. 4. In dwelling occupancies. A minimum of three 20-amp small appliance branch circuits shall be installed to supply receptacle outlets in kitchen, pantry, dining room, and breakfast room. These circuits shall not supply other outlets and shall have conductors not smaller than no. 12. Two of these circuits shall supply receptacle outlets on or near work counter area and so arranged that adjacent receptacles are not on the same circuit. 43  5. In dwelling occupancies, one 20-amp bathroom circuit for receptacles shall not feed more than two bathrooms. 6. Fifteen and twenty ampere receptacles supplying sewer pumps and sump pumps shall not need arc fault circuit protection, but shall be ground-fault protected or a single receptacle on a dedicated circuit. 7. Fifteen and twenty ampere receptacles supplying power for garage door openers located in attached or detached garages associated with dwelling units shall be ground-fault protected or a single receptacle installed. 8. Portable cleaning equipment receptacle outlets shall be installed in corridors and located so that no point in the corridor along the floor line, measured horizontally, is more than twenty-five feet [7.62 meters] from an outlet. 9. Exception: 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter, article 210.11(C)(4): Requirements shall not include buildings two hundred fifty square feet or smaller. 10. Exception: 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter, article 210.12(A): AFCI protection is not required for the following: a. Refrigeration appliances if a single receptacle on a dedicated circuit is installed; b. Furnaces used for main heating source. 24.1-06-02-30. (NEC 230) Services. Electrical services shall comply with article 230, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and article 230, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. 1. Perpendicular mast used for support of a service may not be less than two-inch [5.08-centimeter] galvanized rigid steel conduit or intermediate metal conduit, fitted with storm collar flashing. 44 2. Outside switch location. The equipment may not be mounted lower than two feet [.6096 meter] above grade level unless listed for such purpose. If installed outside, the service or services must be installed on the structure or within ten feet of the structure. 3. All services in single-family dwellings must be located in a single accessible location. Exception: Special permission shall be granted by the electrical inspector for a second service location to be added where there is no available space for the service equipment. The second service location must be installed in accordance with article 230.2, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code, through December 31, 2020, and article 230.2, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. 4. Rating of service switch. Any new or old single-family dwelling where the main house panel or service is altered or repaired, the dwelling is moved, or where the dwelling is rewired, a minimum one hundred ampere service-rated panel must be installed. Replacement of service mast or meter enclosure is an alteration of the service. a. A one hundred ampere main house panel must be installed using ungrounded conductors sized for the proper ampacity. The panel must contain provisions for a minimum of twenty full-sized branch circuit spaces. b. A greater than one hundred ampere but less than two hundred ampere main house panel must be installed using ungrounded conductors sized for the proper ampacity. The panel or panels must contain provisions for a minimum of thirty full-sized branch circuit spaces. c. A two hundred ampere or larger main house panel must be installed using ungrounded conductors sized for the proper ampacity. The panel or panels must contain provisions for a minimum of forty full-sized branch circuit spaces. d. Service and feeder calculation for electric heating loads must be sized to one hundred twenty-five percent of the full load rating. 5. For the purpose of separating services within one building, each portion of a building separated by one or more fire walls must be 45  considered a separate building as defined by locally adopted codes or the State Building Code and state fire codes. 6. 230.67 surge protections for dwelling unit services is not required. 24.1-06-02-40. (NEC 240) Overcurrent protection. Overcurrent protection must comply with article 240, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and article 240, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. 1. Exterior overcurrent devices must be located at a height of no less than two feet [.6096 meters] above grade level to the bottom of the enclosure. Exception: If raising the switch would exceed the height requirements of NEC 240.24(A). 2. Switchboards and panel boards may not be located in bathrooms, clothes closets, stairways, or crawl spaces. 24.1-06-02-50. (NEC 250) Grounding and bonding. Grounding and bonding must conform to article 250, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and article 250, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. 1. At motor connections, a bonding jumper sized in accordance with table 250.122, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and table 250.122, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter, must be provided around all flexible conduit. The bonding jumper is not required if a separate grounding conductor is included. 2. Grounding of metal outdoor lighting standards. a. Definition of lighting standard is a pole exceeding twelve feet [3.66 meters] in height measured from the bottom of the base or from the intended grade level of poles. b. The metal lighting standard must be connected to a one-half inch [12.70 millimeter] by ten-foot [3.05 meter] copperweld ground rod, or twenty feet [6.10 meters] of one or more bare or zinc galvanized or other electrically conductive coated 46  steel reinforcing bars or rods (rebar) of not less than one-half inch [1.27 centimeters] in diameter, by the means of a bonding jumper. The ten-foot [3.05 meter] ground rod must be driven in the center of the metal standard base and project slightly above the base. Both ground rod and equipment grounding conductor must be connected to the metal standards. The bonding jumper must be in accordance with 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter, and in no case smaller than no. 8 copper or no. 6 aluminum. 3. The grounding electrode conductor must be connected to the grounded service conductor in the enclosure for the service disconnect. 47  CHAPTER 24.1-06-03 WIRING METHODS AND MATERIALS Section 24.1-06-03-01.................................(NEC 300) Wiring Methods 24.1-06-03-14.................................(NEC 314) Boxes and Fittings 24.1-06-03-01. (NEC 300) Wiring methods. 1. Agricultural buildings. This section covers all buildings housing livestock, poultry, and other areas of similar or like nature. All electrical panel boards, wiring devices, and equipment shall be installed in accordance with the provisions of article 547, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and article 547, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. A site-isolating device shall be permitted to be installed at the distribution point where two or more agricultural building structures are supplied from the distribution point. 2. Electric metallic tubing shall not be used in concrete below grade, in concrete slab or masonry in direct contact with earth. A vapor barrier, if used, will have no effect on the requirements of the section. Electric metallic tubing shall not be embedded in earth or fill. 3. Aluminum conduit shall not be installed in contact with earth or embedded in concrete. 4. The installation of rigid nonmetallic conduit shall comply with the provision of article 352, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code Code through December 31, 2020, and article 352, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. Expansion fittings for rigid nonmetallic conduit shall be provided to compensate for thermal expansion and contraction in accordance with section 352.44, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and section 352.44, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. When installed outdoors and above grade, one hundred forty degrees Fahrenheit [60 degrees Celsius] shall be considered the minimum change in degrees. 5. Fertilizer rooms, meatpacking plants, salt processing plants, and similar locations are judged to be occupancies where severe corrosive conditions are likely to be present. It is recommended 48  that nonmetallic conduit with nonmetallic boxes and fittings be used as the wiring method for such occupancies. Ferrous and nonferrous metal raceways shall be used providing the raceway, boxes, and fittings are properly protected against corrosion. 6. In any room of an existing building where the sheetrock or wall covering has been removed from all walls, the electrical wiring requirements shall comply with the provisions of 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. 7. Metal raceways or metal clad cable (type MC) rated for the environment shall be installed in the following occupancies: a. Hospitals; b. Nursing homes; c. Related patient care areas; d. Places of assembly; and e. Dormitories designed to house more than sixteen people. Metal raceways or metal clad cable (type MC) shall be used in fixed wiring methods including fire alarms along with metal boxes or nonmetallic raceways encased in not less than two inches of concrete. Exception 1: As provided in article 640, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code, sound reproduction and similar equipment; in article 800, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code, communication circuits; and in article 725, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code, for class 2 and class 3 remote control and signaling circuits through December 31, 2020, and article 640, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code, sound reproduction and similar equipment; in article 800, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code, communication circuits; and in article 725, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code, for class 2 and class 3 remote control and signaling circuits thereafter. Exception 2: Listed two-hour fire-rated cables as permitted in article 695.6, article 700.9D, and article 760, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and article 695.6, 49  article 700.9D, and article 760, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. Adjacent areas separated by an approved fire barrier may be wired in any approved wiring method in chapter 3 of the 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and chapter 3 of the 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. For the purpose of this section, a fire barrier is defined as a continuous assembly, vertical or horizontal, in accordance with locally adopted codes or the State Building Code. 24.1-06-03-14. (NEC 314) Boxes and fittings. 1. Not more than one extension ring may be used on outlet boxes unless special permission has been obtained from the electrical inspector having jurisdiction. 2. Boxes or conduit bodies shall be installed at each opening, splice, or connection, except as provided in article 604, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and article 604, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. 50  CHAPTER 24.1-06-04 EQUIPMENT FOR GENERAL USE Section 24.1-06-04-22 (NEC 422) Appliances 24.1-06-04-22. (NEC 422) Appliances. Exception: 2017 edition, National Electrical Code, article 422.16 through December 31, 2020, and 2020 edition, National Electrical Code, article 422.16 thereafter: The use of not more than six feet of flexible appliance cord shall be permitted on permanently installed one hundred twenty volt twenty amp or less fuel-fired furnaces in residential dwellings. The receptacle for this appliance shall be GFCI protected, or a single receptacle, with a lockable in-use cover, and the cord shall meet all requirements of NEC 422.16. 51  CHAPTER 24.1-06-05 SPECIAL OCCUPANCIES Section 24.1-06-05-01.................................(NEC 500) Hazardous Locations 24.1-06-05-50.................................(NEC 550) Mobile Home Parks 24.1-06-05-01. (NEC 500) Hazardous locations. 1. Classification of hazardous locations is required to be completed by owner, representative, or engineer that has the qualifications and shall provide documentation as required by the provisions of article 500.4, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and article 500.4, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter, including the reference standards as listed in article 500.4, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and article 500.4, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. 2. For classifications of oilfield installations refer to API RP 500, Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities, third edition, December 2012. 3. Surge arrestors shall be provided for all services in grain elevators. 4. Hot bearing or other similar detection systems shall be installed in accordance with articles 500-516, 2017 edition, National Electrical Code through December 31, 2020, and articles 500-516, 2020 edition, National Electrical Code thereafter. 24.1-06-05-50. (NEC 550) Mobile home parks. Service equipment may be installed on manufactured homes as required in article 550.32(b) if the following requirements are met: 1. The mobile home is located on property owned by the homeowner and not in mobile home park. 2. The mobile home is secured to a permanent foundation that complies with locally adopted codes or the State Building Code. 52  CHAPTER 24.1-06-06 SPECIAL EQUIPMENT Section 24.1-06-06-25............... (NEC 625) Electric Vehicle Charging System 24.1-06-06-25. (NEC 625) Electric vehicle charging system. 625.41 Overcurrent protection. Overcurrent protection for feeders and branch circuits supplying vehicle charging equipment must be sized for continuous duty and must have a rating of not less than one hundred twenty- five percent of the maximum load of the equipment. For these installations, “maximum load of equipment” means the setting the electrician adjusted the device to. The adjustment may not be readily accessible or cannot easily be adjusted by the consumer. The electrician shall label the device if set to a value less than the maximum nameplate rating. The contractor shall assure the size of the service feeding these devices is adequate. 53  APPENDIX Short Cut At 75° C Voltage Drop Formulas 1670 F ____________________________________________________________ 𝐾𝑥𝐿𝑥𝐼 Voltage drop = 𝐶𝑀𝐴 𝐾𝑥𝐿𝑥𝐼 CMA = % 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝 𝑥 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝐶𝑀𝐴 𝑥 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑝 Length = 𝐾𝑥𝐼 Area of circle = 𝜋r² L = length in feet, one way I = load in amps E = volts CMA = circular-mil area K-factor = 25.8 multiplying factor for copper, 42.4 multiplying factor for aluminum at 75°C. For three-phase circuits, use formula, then multiply the results by.86 Percent drop permissible voltage drop times voltage of circuit as follows: 5% of 120 120 x.05 = 6 volts 5% of 208 208 x.05 = 10.4 volts 5% of 240 240 x.05 = 12 volts Examples with copper wire: 240 volts, 1,000 foot distance, 10 ampere load, 5% volt drop maximum 25.8 𝑥 1000 𝑥 10 CMA =.05 𝑥 240 = 21,500 CMA minimum = #6 cu minimum 54 Same values as above but use #8 copper wire instead 25.8 𝑥 1000 𝑥 10 Voltage drop = 16510 = 15.6 volts/240 = 6.5% volt drop 120 volts, 8 ampere load, 100 foot distance, 3% volt drop maximum 25.8 𝑥 100 𝑥 8 CMA =.03 𝑥 120 = 5733 CMA minimum = #12 cu minimum Refer to Chapter 9 Table 8 of NEC for conductor properties 55 OHM’S LAW 56  Means of Egress Condensed Guide 1. Marking of means of egress. All required exits and access to exits shall be marked by readily visible signs. For externally illuminated signs, letters shall be not less than six inches [150 millimeters] high. Internally illuminated signs shall be listed per ANSI/UL 924 which assures proper letter size. Chevron-shaped arrows are required to indicate direction to exits. Every sign shall be suitably illuminated. For externally illuminated signs see subsection 7.10.6, Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2015 edition through December 31, 2020, and subsection 7.10.6, Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2018 edition thereafter and for internally illuminated signs see subsection 7.10.7. 2. Illumination of means of egress. Illumination of means of egress shall provide continuous, dependable, illumination of not less than one foot- candle at floor level for all areas such as corridors, stairways, and exit doorway, providing a lighted path of travel to the outside of the building and public way during all times that the means of egress is available for use. For new stairs, the required minimum illumination level is ten foot- candle during conditions of stair use. Illumination shall be from a source of reasonable assured reliability and may be supplied from normal lighting circuits or special circuits with switching controlled by authorized personnel. Illumination required for exit marking shall also serve for illumination of means of egress and shall be so arranged that failure of a single unit, such as burning out of a single bulb will not leave any area in darkness. 3. Emergency lighting. Emergency lighting systems shall be so arranged to provide the required illumination automatically in event of any interruption or failure of the normal power supply. An acceptable alternate source of power may be an electric generator or approved battery. In occupancies where emergency lighting is required, the circuits supplying exit marking and illumination of means of egress shall be supplied by the emergency system. Other areas of the facilities only requiring exit marking and illumination of means of egress may be supplied by the normal source. 4. Classification of occupancy based on chapter 6, Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2015 edition through December 31, 2020, and chapter 6, Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2018 edition thereafter. Note: Check with local building official to determine occupancy and occupant load. 57 Assembly. Assembly occupancies include all buildings or portions of buildings used for gathering together fifty or more persons for such purposes as deliberation, worship, entertainment, eating, drinking, amusement, or awaiting transportation. Assembly occupancies also include special amusement buildings regardless of occupant load. Assembly occupancies might include the following: Armories Libraries Assembly halls Mortuary chapels Auditoriums Motion picture theaters Bowling lanes Museums Clubrooms Passenger stations and terminals of air, surface, underground, and marine public transportation facilities Colleges and university Places of religious worship Classrooms, fifty persons and over Poolrooms Conference rooms Recreation piers Courtrooms Restaurants Dance halls Skating rinks Drinking establishments Theaters Exhibition halls Gymnasiums Occupancy of any room or space for assembly purposes by fewer than fifty persons in a building or other occupancy and incidental to such other occupancy shall be classified as part of the other occupancy and shall be subject to the provisions applicable thereto. Educational. Educational occupancies include all buildings or portions of buildings used for educational purposes through the twelfth grade by six or more persons for four or more hours per day or more than twelve hours per week. Educational occupancies include the following: Academies Schools Kindergartens Other occupancies associated with educational institutions shall be in accordance with the appropriate part of Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2015 edition through December 31, 2020, and Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2018 edition thereafter. 58 In cases when instruction is incidental to some other occupancy, the section of Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2015 edition through December 31, 2020, and Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2018 edition thereafter, governing such other occupancy applies. For example: College and university classrooms under fifty persons - business occupancy College and university classrooms fifty persons and over – assembly Instructional building - business occupancy Laboratories, instructional - business occupancy Laboratories, noninstructional - industrial Day care. Day care occupancies include all buildings or portions of buildings in which four or more clients receive care, maintenance, and supervision, by other than their relatives or legal guardians, for less than twenty-four hours per day. Day care occupancies include the following: Child day care occupancies Adult day care occupancies, except where part of a health care occupancy Nursery schools Day care homes Kindergarten classes that are incidental to a child day care occupancy In areas when public schools offer only half-day kindergarten programs, many child day care occupancies offer state-approved kindergarten classes for children who require full day care. As these classes are normally incidental to the day care occupancy, the requirements of the day care occupancy should be followed. Health care. Health care occupancies are those used for purposes such as medical or other treatment or care of persons suffering from physical or mental illness, disease, or infirmity and for the care of infants, convalescents, or infirm aged persons. Health care occupancies provide sleeping facilities for four or more occupants and are occupied by persons who are mostly incapable of self-preservation because of age, physical or mental disability, or because of security measures not under the occupants' control. 59 Health care occupancies include the following: Hospitals Nursing homes Limited care facilities Ambulatory health care. Ambulatory health care occupancies are those used to provide services or treatment simultaneously to four or more patients on an outpatient basis. The patients are considered incapable of self- preservation due to the treatment rendered, the use of anesthesia, or the injury for which they are receiving emergency or urgent care. Detention and correctional. Detention and correctional occupancies are used to house individuals under varied degrees of restraint or security and are occupied by persons who are mostly incapable of self-preservation because of security measures not under the occupants' control. Detention and correctional occupancies include the following: Adult and juvenile substance abuse centers Adult and juvenile work camps Adult community residential centers Adult correctional institutions Adult local detention facilities Juvenile community residential centers Juvenile detention facilities Juvenile training schools Residential. Residential occupancies are those occupancies in which sleeping accommodations are provided for normal residential purposes and include all buildings designed to provide sleeping accommodations. Exception. Those classified under health care or detention and correctional occupancies. Residential occupancies are treated separately in Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2015 edition through December 31, 2020, and Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2018 edition thereafter, in the following groups: One-family and two-family dwelling unit Lodging or rooming house Hotels and Dormitories Apartment building Residential board and care occupancy 60 Mercantile occupancy. An occupancy used for the display and sale of merchandise. Mercantile occupancies include the following: Auction rooms Restaurants with fewer than fifty persons Department stores Shopping centers Drugstores Supermarkets Office, storage, and service facilities incidental to the sale of merchandise and located in the same building should be considered part of the mercantile occupancy. Business. Business occupancies are those used for the transaction of business other than those covered under mercantile. Business occupancies include the following: Air traffic control towers (ATCTs) Doctors’ offices City halls Townhalls College and university instructional General offices buildings, classrooms under fifty persons, and instructional laboratories Outpatient clinics, Courthouses ambulatory Dentists’ offices Doctors' and dentists' offices are included unless of such character as to be classified as ambulatory health care occupancies. Industrial. Industrial occupancies include factories making products of all kinds and properties devoted to operations such as processing, assembling, mixing, packaging, finishing or decorating, and repairing. Industrial occupancies include the following: Dry cleaning plants Power plants Factories of all kinds Pumping stations Food processing plants Refineries Gas plants Sawmills Hangars (for servicing or Telephone exchanges maintenance) Laundries 61 In evaluating the appropriate classification of laboratories, the authority having jurisdiction should determine each case individually based on the extent and nature of the associated hazards. Some laboratories may be classified as occupancies other than industrial, for example, a physical therapy laboratory or a computer laboratory. Storage. Storage occupancies include all buildings or structures utilized primarily for the storage or sheltering of goods, merchandise, products, vehicles, or animals. Storage occupancies include the following: Barns Hangars (for storage only) Bulk oil storage Parking structures Cold storage Warehouses Freight terminals Truck and marine terminals Grain elevators Storage occupancies are characterized by the presence of relatively small numbers of persons in proportion to the area. Any new use that increases the number of occupants to a figure comparable with other classes of occupancy changes the classification of the building to that of the new use. Multiple occupancies. A building or structure in which two or more classes of occupancy exists shall be classified as a multiple occupancy. Multiple occupancies shall be protected either as mixed occupancies or as separated occupancies, in accordance with subsection 6.1.14.3 or 6.1.14.4, respectively, of Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2015 edition through December 31, 2020, and Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2018 edition thereafter. Where exit access from an occupancy traverses another occupancy, the multiple occupancy shall be protected as a mixed occupancy. In implementing the mixed occupancies form of protection, the building shall comply with the most restrictive requirements of the occupancies involved, unless separate safeguards are approved. 5. Occupant load factor table. Use Square Feet per Person Assembly use – less concentrated use 15 net* Areas of concentrated use without fixed seating 7 net* Waiting space 3 net* Bleachers, pews, and similar bench-type seating Note 1 Fixed seating Note 2 Kitchens 100 gross** 62  Libraries In stack areas 100 gross** In reading rooms 50 net* Swimming pools Water surface 50 gross** Pool decks 30 gross** Exercise rooms with equipment 50 gross Exercise rooms without equipment 15 gross Lighting and access catwalks, galleries, and 100 net gridirons Casinos and similar gaming areas 11 gross Skating rinks 50 gross Stages 15 net* Educational use Classroom area 20 net* Shops, laboratories, and similar vocational areas 50 net* Day care use Maximum number of persons intended to 35 net* occupy that floor, but not less than Health care use Sleeping departments 120 gross** Inpatient departments 240 gross** Ambulatory health care 150 gross** Detention and correctional use Maximum number of persons intended to 120 gross** occupy that floor, but not less than Residential use Hotels, motels, dormitories, apartment buildings: Maximum probable population, but not 200 gross** less than Residential board and care use Note 3 Mercantile use (including malls) Street level and below (sales) 30 gross** Sales area on two or more street floors 40 gross Upper floor (sales) 60 gross** Storage, receiving, or shipping (not open 300 gross** to the general public) Assembly areas See “Assembly” Business use (other than below) 150 gross** Concentrated business use 50 gross** Air traffic control tower observation levels 40 gross** Collaboration rooms/spaces ≤ 450 ft2 30 gross (41.8 m2) in area 63 Collaboration rooms/spaces > 450 ft2 15 gross (41.8 m2) in area Other purposes Note 4 Industrial use General and high hazard industrial 100 gross** Special purpose industrial N/A Storage use In storage occupancies N/A In mercantile occupancies 300 gross** In other than storage and mercantile 500 gross** occupancies * Net floor area is the actual occupied area, not including accessory unoccupied areas or thickness of walls. ** Gross floor area is the floor area within the inside perimeter of the outside walls of the building under consideration with no deduction for hallways, stairs, closets, thickness of interior walls, columns, or other features. Notes to occupant load table. Note 1. Bleachers, pews, and similar bench-type seating: one person per eighteen linear inches. Note 2. Fixed seating. The occupant load of an area having fixed seats shall be determined by the number of fixed seats installed. Required aisle space serving the fixed seats shall not be used to increase the occupant load. Note 3. Refer to chapters 32 and 33 of Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2015 edition through December 31, 2020, and chapters 32 and 33 of Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2018 edition thereafter. Note 4. Occupant load factors associated with the use. 6. Building classification table. x - indicates required o - indicates not required Marking Illumination of Means of Means Emergency Occupancy Egress Egress Lighting Assembly x x x Educational x x x 64 Day care x x x Interior stairs and corridors x x x Assembly use spaces x x x Flexible and open plan buildings x x x Interior or limited access portions of buildings x x x Shops and laboratories x x x Family day care homes (more than three but fewer than seven persons) o x o Group day care homes (seven to twelve persons) o x o Health care occupancies (Note 1) (for complete details see article 517 of NEC and NFPA standard 99) x x x Detention and correctional x x x Residential Hotels and dormitories x x x Note 2 Apartment buildings Twelve or less apartments x x o Note 3 More than twelve apartments or greater than three stories in height x x x Note 3 Residential board and care More than sixteen residents x x x Note 2 Mercantile Class A – Over thirty thousand square feet [2787.09 square meters] or greater than three stories x x x Class B –Three thousand square feet to thirty thousand square feet [278.71 square meters to 2787.09 square meters] or three thousand square feet [278.71 square meters] or less and two or three stories x x x Class C – Under three thousand square feet [278.71 square meters] and one story x Note 5 x o Malls x x x Business x x o Three or more stories in height x x x Fifty or more persons above or below level of exit discharge x x x Three hundred or more persons x x x All limited access and underground x x x 65 Industrial x x Note 6 x Note 6 & 7 Storage x x Note 8 x Note 8 & 9 Special structures (refer to chapter 11, Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2015 edition through December 31, 2020, and chapter 11, Life Safety Code®, NFPA 101, 2018 edition thereafter). Mixed occupancies (Note 5). NOTES: Note 1. Exception: Power supply for exit and emergency lighting shall conform to NFPA 110. Note 2. Exception: Where each guest room, guest suite or resident sleeping room has an exit direct to the outside of the building at street or ground level emergency lighting is not required. Note 3. Exception: Buildings with only one exit need not be provided with exit signs. Note 4. Exception: Where the same means of egress serve multiple use or combined occupancies, exit lighting, exit signs, and emergency lighting shall be provided for the occupancy with the most stringent lighting requirements. The occupant load of each type of occupancy shall be added to arrive at the total occupant load. Note 5. Exception: Where an exit is immediately apparent from all portions of the sales area, the exit marking is not required. Note 6. Exception: Special purpose industrial occupancies without routine human habitation. Note 7. Exception: Structures occupied only during daylight hours, with skylights or windows arranged to provide the required level of illumination on all portions of the means of egress during these hours. Note 8. Exception: Storage occupancies do not require emergency lighting when not normally occupied. Note 9. Exception: In structures occupied only during daylight hours, with skylights or windows arranged to provide the required level of illumination of all portions of the means of egress during these hours, emergency lighting is not required. 66