Biology Practice Material TTO Grade 1 - Chapter 4 Classification PDF

Biology practice materialTTO grade 1 TKLChapter 4: Classification Chapter 4.1: Classification Classification: organize similar kinds of things together In the biology scientist organize living things, they divide them into groups called **taxonomic groups**. In taxonomy, different groups are cal...

Biology practice materialTTO grade 1 TKLChapter 4: Classification Chapter 4.1: Classification Classification: organize similar kinds of things together In the biology scientist organize living things, they divide them into groups called **taxonomic groups**. In taxonomy, different groups are called **taxons**. There are 7 important taxons The largest taxon The smallest taxon Review []{#anchor}question 1 p.82 and study notes. Chapter 4.2: The 5 kingdoms All organisms on Earth belong to one of 5 kingdom: 1. Bacteria 2. Protist 3. Fungi 4. Animal 5. Plants 1 2 3 **A protist is a small single -- celled or multi -- celled organism that has a** ***nucleus*****.** Review []{#anchor-1}question 5 p.83 and study notes. []{#anchor-2}Chapter 4.3: The kingdom of bacteria []{#anchor-3}Characteristics of bacteria 1. They are microscopic, single -- celled organisms without a nucleus. 2. They have cell walls and cell membranes 3. They reproduce by division 4. They can be shaped like rods, spheres and spirals 5. Some are useful, some are harmful. Review []{#anchor-4}question 7 p.83 and study notes. []{#anchor-5}Chapter 4.4: The kingdom of protists A group of protists known as ***algae*** can be single -- celled or multi -- celled and can make their own food.  Many single -- celled protists move around using *a whip -- like tail* called a ***flagellum***. Some multi -- celled protists live as colonies, they swim together as a unit, such as **Volvox**. Some protists can cause disease, these are called **parasites**. Review []{#anchor-6}question 11 -- 12 -- 13 p.86 and study notes. []{#anchor-7}Chapter 4.5: The kingdom of fungi []{#anchor-8}Characteristics of fungi 1\. They have cell walls and cell membranes. 2\. They have a nucleus 3\. They can be single -- celled or multi- celled 4\. They have to find food and take in food 5\. They reproduce by division; multi-celled by making spores 6\. They can be useful. To cure bacterial infection by antibiotics, yeast for making beer, wine and bread 7\. They can feed on and remove remains of dead organisms 8\. They can make threads, called moulds 9\. They can be edible 10\. They can be harmful and cause disease, called parasites. study notes []{#anchor-9}Chapter 4.6: The kingdom of animals []{#anchor-10}*Characteristics of animals* 1. They have cell membranes 2. They have a nucleus 3. They are multi-celled 4. They have to find and take in food 5. They have sexual reproduction 6. They can be divided into 2 taxons: invertebrates[]{#anchor-11} without a backbone and vertebrates with a backbone There are *2 groups of invertebrates*: 1. Invertebrates with no skeleton or legs: - Sponges - *Cnidarians* ( jellyfish) ( they have tentacles with stinging cells to paraliyse prey and push it into their mouths) - Worms - *Molluscs* ( snails) ( some of them, like oysters have 2 shells to protect their soft bodies) - *Echinoderm*(starfish) ( their body can be divided into 5 identical parts) 1. Invertebrates with an exoskeleton and jointed legs, the arthropods - *Myriapods* ( a millipede) ( their body are divided into segments and each segment have a pair of legs) - *Crustaceans* (a crab) ( they live in water and have gills for breathing oxygen) - *Arachnids* ( a spider) ( They have 2 main body parts with 4 legs attached to the front section and 4 pairs of eyes) - *Insects* ( a housefly) ( they have 3 body parts: head, thorax and abdomen. They have 3 pairs of legs and 2 pairs of wings attached to the thorax) Instead of second pair of wings, flies have a pair of halteres to keep them stable during flight. *The **vertebrates** can be divided in 5 groups:* 1. Fish 2. Amphibians 3. Reptiles 4. Birds 5. mammals +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Group | characteristics | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Fish | They live in water | | | | | | Eggs with soft outer coverings, | | | fertilized externally | | | | | | Cold -- blooded( their body | | | temperature changes with the | | | temperature of their body) | | | | | | Bodies are covered with wet, | | | slimy scales | | | | | | Breathe using gills | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Amphibians | Able to live in water and on land | | | | | | Eggs with soft outer coverings, | | | fertilized externally | | | | | | Cold -- blooded | | | | | | Skin is moist and wet | | | | | | Larva breathe using gills, adults | | | use lungs | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Reptiles | Live on land | | | | | | Eggs have leathery shells, | | | fertilized internally | | | | | | Cold -- blooded | | | | | | Skin is covered with dry, hard | | | scales | | | | | | Breathe using lungs | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Birds | Eggs have hard, chalky shells, | | | firtilised internally | | | | | | Warm -- blooded | | | | | | Skin is covered with feathers | | | | | | Breathe using lungs | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Mammals | Give birth to live young | | | | | | Warm -- blooded | | | | | | Skin is covered with hair or fur | | | | | | Live on land or are aquatic such | | | as dolphins | | | | | | They feed their young with breast | | | milk | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ []{#anchor-12}Review []{#anchor-13}question 18 -- 19 -- 26 - 29 -- 30 -- 32 -- 33 -- 35 p.86 -94 and study notes. Chapter 4.7: The kingdom of plants *Characteristics of plants* - plants have cell walls and cell membranes - they have a nucleus - they can make there own food ( inside the chloroplast) Plants can be divided into 2 taxons: plants which make **spores** and plants which make **seeds.** Plants which make spores are non -- flowering plants. There are 2 groups: 1[]{#anchor-14}. Mosses and liverworts 2\. ferns  Mosses and liverworts - have simple leaves - they do not have proper stems or roots - they make spores inside spore **capsules** Ferns - they have leaves, roots and strong stems - they make spores inside patches called **sporangia** Plants which make seeds can be divided into 2 groups: 1 non -- flowering plants 2 flowering plants Non -- flowerings plants - are called conifers - their seeds are naked and develop in cones - their leaves are needle -- shapes to minimize water loss Flowering plants - have flowers that contains organs for sexual reproduction - their sperm cells are contained in pollen - their seeds are fertilized egg cells which are kept inside the fruit. Review []{#anchor-15}question 39 -- 42 p.99 -- 100 and study notes. Answer the following questions: question 1 p.82 question 5 p.83 question 7 p.83 question 11 -- 12 -- 13 p.86 question 18 -- 19 -- 26 - 29 -- 30 -- 32 -- 33 -- 35 p.86 -94 question 39 -- 42 p.99 -- 100