NS 001 Biological Science Introduction to Taxonomy PDF

NS 001: Biological Science Let Us Start!!!! TAXONOMY  TAXONOMY  Came from the Greek word “TAXIS” which means arrangement and “NOMOS” which means law.  Law of arrangement  It is the hierarchical system for identification, naming and classifying of organisms. Its classificatio...

NS 001: Biological Science Let Us Start!!!! TAXONOMY  TAXONOMY  Came from the Greek word “TAXIS” which means arrangement and “NOMOS” which means law.  Law of arrangement  It is the hierarchical system for identification, naming and classifying of organisms. Its classification focuses on placing organisms in a group that displays their relationship to other organisms.  CAROLUS LINNAEUS  A Swedish Naturalist that is known as the “Father of Taxonomy”.  His two most important contributions to taxonomy Hierarchical classification system The system of binomial nomenclature  TAXONOMIC HIERARCHY TAXONOMIC LEVEL o Domain DOMAIN: Eukarya o Kingdom KINGDOM: Animalia o Phylum PHYLUM: Chordata o Class CLASS: Mammalia o Order ORDER: Perissodactyla o Family FAMILY: Equidae o Genus GENUS: Equus o Species SPECIES: E. Ferus SCIENTIFIC NAME: Equus ferus caballus COMMON NAME: Horse SCIENTIFIC NAME also called “technical name”; name used by scientists, especially the taxonomic name of an organism that consists of the genus and species. Scientific names usually come from Latin or Greek. ▸ Ex. Felix domesticus COMMON NAME also known as “vernacular name” ; refers to the English name, trivial name, popular name or a name in general use within a community ▸ Ex. Felix domesticus refers to the “house cat” Six Kingdom o f o r g a n i sm s  DOMAIN ARCHAEA  Kingdom Archaebacteria are known as “Ancient Bacteria”.  These are unicellular prokaryotes that are consider as the oldest organism living on Earth and also known as “Life’s extremist”.  They were first classified as bacteria. Most archaebacteria appear like bacteria. Archaebacteria are found in very harsh conditions such as in the volcanic vents or at the bottom of the sea. They can easily survive in such extreme environment. THERMOACIDOPHILES o Thermo=temperature /Acidophil = acid loving o Inhabit dark, anaerobic, and hot environments. o Thermoacidophiles thrive in extremely acidic(between pH of 1-3) , hot (reaching 750 deg F.) and moist regions, such as sulfur hot springs. HALOPHILES o Halo = salt philo = loving o Halophiles thrive in extremely salty environments. They make their home in water and soil, as long as there is a very high salinity. METHANOGENS o Methanoge ns produce methane gas (CH 4 ). They release methane as a waste product. It can be found in environments that are anaerobic. Methanogens are found in swamps and marshes. Some live in the intestinal tracts of animals to help break down food.  DOMAIN BACTERIA  Kingdom Eubacteria or “True bacteria”  These are microscopic unicellular prokaryotes under that have thick, rigid cell walls made of peptidoglycan.  It can be found everywhere and survive in aerobic and anaerobic places. BACTERIAL SHAPES AND CELLULAR ARRANGEMENTS  round bacterial shapes rod-shaped or cigar-shaped bacteria. curved, twisted or spiral-shaped bacteria with fairly rigid bodies. l Pertains to how bacterial cells are arranged or grouped after their cells divide. in pairs four cells eight cells in chains in clusters  DOMAIN EUKARYA  Member of this domain are eukaryotes (cells with nucleus) and require oxygen for survival.  Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular.  Eukaryotes are made up of four kingdoms:  Protista  Fungi  Plantae  Animalia  Thank you for participating! If you have any questions /clarification feel free to contact your teacher on her designated consultation time..