Biology 1011 Microbiology Pretest Exam 1 PDF

Biology 1011– PRETEST EXAM 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE: 1) Common commercial benefits of microorganisms include synthesis of A) riboflavin. B) acetone. C) insulin. D) aspirin. E) riboflavin, acetone and insulin. 2) The formal system for classifying and naming organisms was developed by A) Robert Koch. B) I...

Biology 1011– PRETEST EXAM 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE: 1) Common commercial benefits of microorganisms include synthesis of A) riboflavin. B) acetone. C) insulin. D) aspirin. E) riboflavin, acetone and insulin. 2) The formal system for classifying and naming organisms was developed by A) Robert Koch. B) Ignaz Semmelweis. C) Aristotle. D) Carolus Linnaeus. E) Louis Pasteur. 3) Which of the following is NOT a domain in the three-domain system? A) animalia B) archaea C) bacteria D) eukarya 4) Table 1 O C H Using the information in Table 1, calculate the molecular weight of ethanol, C2H5OH. A) 96 B) 46 C) 34 D) 33 E) The answer cannot be determined. 5) What is the type of bond holding hydrogen and oxygen atoms together in a single H2O molecule? A) ionic bond B) covalent bond C) hydrogen bond 6) What do genes consist of? A) carbohydrates B) lipids C) proteins 1 D) nucleic acids 7) A friend tells you that he recently read an article claiming that you need to work to restore the alkalinity of your blood to remain healthy. Why is this impossible and impractical (and unhealthy even if you could make it happen)? A) The normal pH of human blood is in the acidic range, so making it alkaline would kill you. B) Blood is usually around the neutral (pH 7) range, not the alkaline range, in healthy human beings. C) Blood contains buffers that prevent the pH from changing too drastically, so trying to forcibly alter blood pH wouldn't work effectively. D) The normal pH of human blood is already in the alkaline range, so it isn't necessary to "restore" it to that point. E) Blood is usually around the neutral (pH 7) range, not the alkaline range, in healthy human beings AND blood contains buffers that prevent the pH from changing too drastically, so trying to forcibly alter blood pH wouldn't work effectively. 8) Which of the following is NOT equal to 1 mm? A) 0.001 m B) 1,000,000 nm C) 0.1 cm D) 100 μm E) 1,000.000.000 pm 9) Which microscope is used to see internal structures of cells in a natural state? A) compound light microscope B) phase-contrast microscope C) darkfield microscope D) fluorescence microscope E) electron microscope 10) Which type of stain is most useful in helping clinicians to decide which antibiotic to prescribe for a bacterial infection? A) negative stain B) simple stain C) Gram stain D) endospore stain E) flagella stain 11) Which of the following statements is INCORRECT regarding prokaryotic cells? A) Their DNA is not enclosed within a membrane. B) They lack membrane-enclosed organelles. C) They typically have a circular chromosome. D) They reproduce by binary fission. E) They lack a plasma membrane. 2 12) Which of the following statements best describes what happens when a bacterial cell is placed in a solution containing 5% NaCl? A) Sucrose will move into the cell from a higher to a lower concentration. B) The cell will undergo osmotic lysis. C) Water will move out of the cell. D) Water will move into the cell. E) No change will result; the solution is isotonic. 13) Antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis ultimately cause bacterial cell death as a result of A) osmotic lysis. B) inhibition of molecular transport. C) decreased synthesis of plasma membrane. D) plasmolysis. E) cell shrinkage. 14) Figure 1 Which of the following terms best describes the cell in Figure 4.2? A) peritrichous flagella B) amphitrichous flagella C) lophotrichous flagella D) monotrichous flagellum E) axial filament 14) Fimbriae and pili differ in that A) there are only one or two pili per cell. B) pili are used for motility. C) pili are used to transfer DNA. D) pili are used for transfer of DNA and motility. E) pili are used for attachment to surfaces. 15) Cells may frequently find themselves in an environment with very low extracellular concentrations of substances needed in higher amounts inside the cell. To obtain these needed items, such cells would be most likely to engage in A) simple diffusion. B) facilitated diffusion. C) active transport. D) osmosis. 3 16) What is the best reason why oxygen (O2) can cross the plasma membrane by simple diffusion, but glucose must be transported across the barrier by facilitated diffusion? A) Oxygen is a much smaller molecule, making it easier to pass through the molecules of the plasma membrane. B) Oxygen is a nonpolar molecule, easily passing through the nonpolar middle area of the plasma membrane. C) Oxygen can be burned/consumed as it crosses the membrane, providing the energy needed for its passage. D) Glucose is nonpolar, making it very difficult for it to cross the polar portions of the plasma membrane structure. 17) A particular type of inclusion body that is used to orient bacteria in three-dimensional space in a fluid environment is the A) gas vacuole. B) carboxysome. C) sulfur granule. D) metachromatic granule. 18) Endospores are highly resistant to harsh environmental conditions due to all EXCEPT which one of the following? A) dipicolinic acid (DPA) in the endospore B) very low amounts of water C) high concentration of calcium ions D) a thick spore coat E) small triggering molecules called germinants 19). Spontaneous generation is associated with which of the following: a. germ theory of disease b. life from non-living materials c. pasteurization of milk d. life from life (replication of bacteria) e. origin of “animalcules” 20) Robert Koch: a. developed the swan neck flasks to disprove spontaneous generation b. proved the “germs” theory of fermentation c. developed a solid media that enabled scientist to ascertain whether a culture was pure or mixed d. proved that handwashing in maternity wards greatly reduced the risk of infection to women in labor e. developed the first antiseptic that was used surgical suites and on dressings for wounds 4 21. )Simple lipids contain: a. sterols, protein b. glycerol, protein c. sugars, protein d. fatty acids, sugars e. fatty acids, glycerol 22. ) Which of the following is an example of a differential stain? a. crystal violet stain b. methylene blue stain c. gram stain d. malachite green stain e. all of the above 23. ) The cells in a single isolated colony are: a. derived from different parent cells b. genetically identical c. similar but not identical d. often biochemically different e. all of the above 24. ) Which of the following is NOT a function of cell membranes of procaryotes cells? a. protein synthesis b. semi-permeability to ions c. energy generation d. secretion of proteins e. facilitated diffusion via permease enezymes 25. ) Removal of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria results in the formation of: a. spheroplast b. thylakoids c. chloroplast d. protoplast e. none of the above 5 26. ) Which of the following cellular structures is most nearly the same in both eucaryotes and procaryotes? a. cell wall b. cell membrane c. ribosomes d. mitochondria e. nucleus 27. ) What bacterial structure is most responsible for adhesion to host cells? a. cilia b. capsule c. flagella d. pili e. cell membrane 28. ) Which of the following is(are) characteristics of endospores? a. formed inside bacterial cells b. resistant to boiling c. unable to replicate d. resistant to antimicrobial agents e. all of the above 29. ) Place these structures in order as light passes through them until it reaches the observer’s eyes: 1 – condenser; 2 – ocular lens; 3 – illuminator; 4 – specimen; 5- objective lens a. 2-1-4-3-5 b. 3-1-4-5-2 c. 3-4-5-1-2 d. 3-1-5-4-2 e. 2-5-1-4-3 30. ) Any organism which lacks a membrane surrounding its nuclear body must be a(n): a. procaryote b. eucaryote c. yeast d. virus e. all of the above are correct f. 6 7