Communicable Diseases PDF - Bio2 Part 2

Communicable Diseases Jessie T. Orano, RN, RM, MN, MMHA, MAN ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S...

Communicable Diseases Jessie T. Orano, RN, RM, MN, MMHA, MAN ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Abortive type Pre-paralytic Paralytic POLIOMYELITIS Does not Slight involvement CNS involvement invade CNS of CNS Flaccid paralysis Headache Pain and spasm of Affects lower Sore throat muscles extremities Recovery Transient paresis Urine retention and within 72 hours (+) Pandy’s test – constipation and the increased protein (+) Hoyne’s sign— disease in CSF when is supine passes position, the head will unnoticed fall back when shoulders are elevated ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Prodromal/ invasion Excitement/ Neurological Terminal/ phase phase paralytic phase RABIES Fever Hydrophobia Patient becomes Anorexia (laryngospasm) unconscious Sore throat Aerophobia Loss of urine and Pain and (bronchospasm) bowel control tingling at the Delirium Progressive site of bite Maniacal paralysis Difficulty of behavior Death swallowing Drooling of saliva ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Poliomyelitis Rabies Tetanus COMPLICATION Paralysis of Respiratory respiratory Death failure muscles Diagnostic Procedure Stool culture Fluorescent rabies Blood exam CSF culture antibodies (FRA) Negri bodies ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  NEGRI BODIES ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Poliomyelitis Rabies Tetanus Isolation precaution Enteric Respiratory Isolation isolation ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Tuberculosis Signs and Symptoms – Cough of 2 weeks – Fever – Chest or back pains not referable to any musculoskeletal disorders – Hemoptysis or recurrent blood-streaked sputum – Significant weight loss – Sweating, fatigue, body malaise, and SOB ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Tuberculosis Diagnostic Procedures – DSSM (Direct Sputum Smear Microscopy) – X-ray or sputum smear (only after they have undergone DSSM for diagnosis with three sputum specimens yielding negative results) – PPD skin test or Mantoux Test (for 3 months to 5 years old) ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Tuberculosis Treatment Domiciliary Treatment (fixed-dose combination and Single drug formulation) – Rifampicin – Isoniazid – Pyrazinamide – Ethambutol – Streptomycin ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Influenza Methods of prevention and control – Cough and sneeze etiquette – Avoid use of common towels, glasses, eating utensils – Active immunization with influenza ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Influenza Nursing management – Keep the person away from persons suffering from respiratory tract infections to prevent pneumonia – Burning method of contaminated tissues and newspapers (if applicable) – TSB for fever – Coughing and sneezing etiquette – Respiratory isolation ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Influenza Mode of Incubation period transmission – 24-72 hours - Direct contact - Droplet 4 major s/sx transmission – Fever - Airborne – Cough - Contact with – Sore throat articles freshly – Runny nose/Coryza soiled with nasopharyngeal ST. A L E X I U S C O L L E G E www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Diphtheria Pertussis Mumps Signs and symptoms Types: Stages Painful swelling in Nasal Catarrhal front of ear, angle of Tonsilopharyngeal Paroxysmal jaws and down the Laryngeal Convalescent neck Fever Malaise Loss of appetite Orchitis (in some boys) ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Diphtheria Tonsilopharyngeal Laryngeal Nasal Diphtheria Pertussis Mumps Bloody Low grade fever Hoarseness discharge from Sore throat Croupy cough nose Bull-neck Aphonia Excoriated appearance Membrane lining nares and pseudomembrane thickness (airway upper lip obstruction) Suffocation, cyanosis, death ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Pertussis Catarrhal Paroxysmal Convalescent Last for 1-2 weeks Last for 4-6 weeks 4th-6th week Most communicable Aura: sneezing, Decrease in stage itching, tickling throat paroxysms Begins with Explosive outburst of respiratory infection cough with “whoop” (sneezing, cough, Thick mucus fever) (vomiting) Cough-more Cyanosis frequent at night Profuse sweating, involuntary urination ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Diphtheria Pertussis Mumps Diagnostic tests Schick’s test CBC- Mumps IgM Susceptibility and immunity to increase in antibody in diphtheria lymphocytes serum ID of dilute diphtheria toxin specimen (0.1cc) Maloney’s test Determines hypersensitivity to diphtheria toxin ID of 0.1 cc fluid toxoid (+) area of erythema in 24H ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Mumps Complication Orchitis-most common complication in male adult Encephalitis- sudden rise in temp., stiff neck, headache, malaise, nausea and vomiting, delirium and double vision ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Mumps Treatment Prophylactic- vaccine Paracetamol or ibuprofen In males, the scrotum should be supported by a properly fitted suspensory, pillow, or sling between the thighs, thus relieving the pull of gravity. Mumps immune serum (passive immunity) ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Mumps Nursing Management 1. Guide and assist parent to carry out prescribed treatment and demonstrate indicated nursing care 2. Concurrent and terminal disinfection 3. Skin care and oral hygiene 4. Diet- soft/ liquid diet 5. Skin care and oral hygiene ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Avoid ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  INTEGUMENTARY ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Leprosy Signs and Symptoms Early Signs and Symptoms – Change in skin color- either reddish or white – Loss of sensation on the skin lesion – Decrease/ loss of sweating and hair growth over lesion – Thickened and/or painful nerves – Muscle weakness or paralysis of extremities – Pain and redness of the eyes – Ulcers that do not heal ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Leprosy Signs and Symptoms Late Signs and Symptoms – Madarosis (loss of eyebrow) – Lagophthalmos (inability to close eyelids) – Clawing of fingers and toes – Contractures – Sinking of the nose bridge – Gynecomastia (Enlargement of breast in males) – Chronic ulcers ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Leprosy Treatment Treatment – Multi-drug Therapy – Multi-drug (MDT) Therapy (MDT) Multibacillary Paucibacillary Treatment Treatment – Rifampicin – Rifampicin – Clofazimine – Dapsone – Dapsone ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Leprosy Treatment – Multi-drug Therapy (MDT) Single lesion – Rifampicin – Ofloxacin – Minocycline ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Leprosy Treatment Domiciliary Treatment (fixed-dose combination and Single drug formulation) – Rifampicin – Isoniazid – Pyrazinamide – Ethambutol – Streptomycin ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Leprosy Prevention - Avoid prolonged skin-to-skin contact - BCG vaccination - Good personal hygiene - Adequate nutrition - Health education ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Measles German Measles - Koplik’s spots - Bluish white spots - Forcheimer’s spots surrounded by a red - Small red lesions halo - Soft palate to - Appear on the mucus membrane buccal mucosa opposite to the premolar teeth ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Koplik Spots Forcheimer’s spots ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  German Measles Measles ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph Sexually Transmitted Diseases ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Filariasis ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Filariasis ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Filariasis ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Filariasis ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph  Thank you ST. A L E X I U S COLLEGE www.stalexiuscollege.edu.ph