Lateral Plate Mesoderm Bio 132 Lecture 12 2024 PDF

L ATERAL PL ATE MESODERM B y : L e r r i e A n n I p u l a n - C o l e t , P h. D. G I L B E RT A N D B A R R E S I , D E V B I O 1 1 TH E D PARTITIONS AND LINEAGES OF THE MESODERM LATERAL PLATE MESODERM HEART DEVELOPMENT BLOOD VESSEL DEVELOPMENT HEMATOPOIESIS...

L ATERAL PL ATE MESODERM B y : L e r r i e A n n I p u l a n - C o l e t , P h. D. G I L B E RT A N D B A R R E S I , D E V B I O 1 1 TH E D PARTITIONS AND LINEAGES OF THE MESODERM LATERAL PLATE MESODERM HEART DEVELOPMENT BLOOD VESSEL DEVELOPMENT HEMATOPOIESIS Cellular Signaling Morphogenesis HEART DEVELOPMENT HEART FIELD SPECIFICATION FUSION OF HF CARDIOGENIC MESODERM SPECIFICATION HEART FUSION HEART LOOPING VALVE DEVELOPMENT HEART SYMMETRY HEART CELL DIFFERENTIATION HEART DEVELOPMENT HEART FIELD SPECIFICATION FUSION OF HF CARDIOGENIC MESODERM SPECIFICATION HEART FUSION HEART LOOPING VALVE DEVELOPMENT HEART SYMMETRY HEART CELL DIFFERENTIATION  HEART DEVELOPMENT Heart field Specification – cardiogenic mesoderm ( 50 cells for mice) in 2 small patches rostral to PS – 1st/P: muscular regions, LV – 2nd/S: Anterior: RV , arteries Posterior: Atria, veins Kloesel et al.,2016  HEART TUBE FUSION (HUMAN) A P HEART TUBE FUSION (HUMAN) McLaughlin et al.,2017 HEART LOOPING HEART LOOPING - at the onset of heart contraction and initiation of blood flow - Truncus arteriosus and sinus venosus create cushions to valves - Septum formation through delineation of Tbx5 (LV) and Tbx20 (RV) HEART FUSION MIGRATION OF CARDIAC PROGENITORS – endoderm expressed genes regulate migration to midline – CHICK, directed by foregut endoderm (differential fibronectin) – ZFISH, faust gene , protein is GATA 5, activates Nkx2-5 miles apart ( Zf) – interaction with fibronectin – MOUSE, Foxp4 expressed in foregut endoderm at the path of migration  HEART DEVELOPMENT Specification of Cardiogenic Mesoderm – interaction with pharyngeal endoderm and notochord. PRO –Bmp and Fgf8 from endoderm ANTI- BMP (Notochord), Wnt (NT) – 1st/P: mostly left ventricle (mice) – 2nd/S: Anterior: RV , arteries Specification of posterior and anterior 2 HF: -remains in contact with Pharyngeal endoderm Posterior: Atria, veins -posterior has high RA HEART DEVELOPMENT Specification of cardiogenic mesoderm BMP (AE) – promote heart and blood dev Nog, Chrdn (No) – inhibits heart and blood dev Wnt (NT) – promotes blood dev DKK, Cres, Cer (AE) – inhibits blood dev Fgf8 – promotes heart development HEART DEVELOPMENT HEART FIELD SPECIFICATION FUSION OF HF CARDIOGENIC MESODERM SPECIFICATION HEART FUSION HEART LOOPING VALVE DEVELOPMENT HEART SYMMETRY HEART CELL DIFFERENTIATION HEART DEVELOPMENT HEART FIELD SPECIFICATION FUSION OF HF CARDIOGENIC MESODERM SPECIFICATION HEART FUSION HEART LOOPING VALVE DEVELOPMENT HEART SYMMETRY HEART CELL DIFFERENTIATION HEART SYMMETRY Left and Right symmetry - Hand1 and Hand 2 expression George and Firulli, 2019 HEART DEVELOPMENT Development of heart chambers Myocardium induces endocardium to form endocardial cushions to form valves Ingrowths of tissues will separate atria and ventricles into R/L HEART VALVE DEVELOPMENT:END-MT - endocardium start forming valves (Twist gene) - Twist and Tbx20 strengthen valves EMT IN HEART FORMATION 1. Reorganization of microtubule spindle (B-cat, numb) 2. Actin remodeling and motility (Pdgf) 3. Cell migration direction (Connexin 43) 4. Migration (WT1, RA) HEART CELL/TISSUE DEVELOPMENT Mesp1 - activates dickkopf (prevents BV) - repress endoderm genes - expression of genes that allows migration HEART DEVELOPMENT EMT AND MET IN HEART FORMATION FIRST: Cardiac progenitor undergoes EMT and form cardiogenic territories through MET SECOND: MET to form endothelial cell lining THIRD: EndMT to form endocardial cushions FOURTH: EMT of epicardial cells form subepicardium mesenchyme, smooth muscles, cardiac fibroblast  HEART DEVELOPMENT determining the heart field determining the parts of the heart tube looping of the heart tube signaling pathways ( heart field, types of tissue, left or right) Cellular event – migration – MET/EMT BLOOD VESSEL DEVELOPMENT Wnt reduced Notch = EC Notch Etv2 hemangioblast Bmp Notch , Runx2 = BC BLOOD VESSEL DEVELOPMENT Sites of Vasculogenesis 1. Extraembryonic – blood islands from hemangioblasts 2. Intraembryonic vasculogenesis – dorsal aorta , veins, arteries, capillaries 3. Omphalomesentric/Umbilical veins (vitelline veins in birds) – maternal to fetal BLOOD VESSEL DEVELOPMENT MAIN PROCESSES AND SIGNALING BLOOD VESSEL DEVELOPMENT Tip cell VEGF- induces Dll4 Veff,Fgf,Integrins etc – active GTPases TNF – induces Jagged1 Stalk cell Dll4/Jagged1 induces NICD Frederik De Smet. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. Mechanisms of Vessel Branching, Volume: 29, Issue: 5, Pages: 639-649, DOI: (10.1161/ATVBAHA.109.185165) BLOOD VESSEL DEVELOPMENT Interesting facts on Angiogenesis - some parts of the body is avascular like cornea – regulation through hiding VEGF in the ECM and soluble form of VEGFR - pregnancy angiogenesis - regulation of blood vessel through soluble VEGFR - too much may lead to preeclampsia - angiogenesis in diseases - tumor growth - blindness in diabetic  HEMATOPOIESIS generation of blood cells, stem cells and progenitor cells Blood islands and AGM (aorta- gonadal-meson) AGM give rise to hemogenic endothelial cell (HSC in liver and bone marrow) Runx1 lineage and is induced by blood flow Wnt reduced Notch = EC Notch Etv2 hemangioblast Bmp Notch , Runx1 = BC  Figure EMBRYONIC SITES OF HMSC The Lancet 2001 358DOI: (10.1016/S0140-6736(01)07044-1) Copyright © 2001 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions SIGNALS FOR AGM Pietilä and Vainio, 2006 HEMATOPOIESIS NO- mediated via cGMP  HEMATOPOIESIS HSCs niche in the bone marrow  HEMATOPOIESIS erythropoietin Hierarchy of hematopoietic lineage - cytokines signals differentiation paths - ECMs collect and concentrate signals - surrounding stromal cells regulate ECM - Hematopoietic inductive microenvironment (HIM) HEMATOPOIETIC INDUCTIVE MICROENVIRONMENT stromal cells of spleen or bone marrow – spleen = erythroid – bone marrow = granulocytic HEMATOPOIETIC INDUCTIVE MICROENVIRONMENT A regulatory model of myeloid differentiation. Krumsiek J, Marr C, Schroeder T, Theis FJ (2011) Hierarchical Differentiation of Myeloid Progenitors Is Encoded in the Transcription Factor Network. PLOS ONE 6(8): e22649. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022649 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0022649 HEMATOPOIETIC INDUCTIVE MICROENVIRONMENT Systems dynamics of the myeloid differentiation model. Krumsiek J, Marr C, Schroeder T, Theis FJ (2011) Hierarchical Differentiation of Myeloid Progenitors Is Encoded in the Transcription Factor Network. PLOS ONE 6(8): e22649. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022649 https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0022649 BLOOD VESSELS AND BLOOD CELLS Both from hemangioblast Blood vessels formation – vasculogenesis followed by angiogenesis – ECs and pericytes – sprouting through proper regulation of tip cells Blood cells formation/hematopoiesis – AGM to bone marrow – pericytes role in stem cell niche – gene regulatory circuits for HIM ESSAY: PROVIDE DIRECT AND CONCISE ANSWERS 1. State a situation during early kidney specification that may lead to lost of kidney. 2. Give one morphogenetic event that is happening between MM and UB 3. Give a molecular signal from MM and its effect on the UB 4. Give a molecular signal from UB and its effect on the UB 5. What is the difference between HIM and HSC niche  Karin D. Prummel,Susan Nieuwenhuize,Christian Mosimann, The lateral plate mesoderm, Development, 2020, The lateral plate mesoderm Date downloaded: 11/1/2021 Copyright 2021 The Company of Biologists FETAL CIRCULATION Characteristics of fetal circulation - oxygenated blood is coming from the mother - lungs is not working - additional structures - foramen ovale (heart) bypass the lungs - ductus venosus (veins) connect to fetal veins - ductus arteriosus (arteries) connect to maternal arteries http://www.lpch.org/photos/greystone/ei_0181.gif