Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which statement best describes the genetic code?
Which statement best describes the genetic code?
- It only applies to prokaryotic organisms.
- It contains redundancy and is nearly universal. (correct)
- It is unique to each individual organism.
- It is ambiguous and not universal.
What is a key difference between mutations and epigenetics?
What is a key difference between mutations and epigenetics?
- Mutations can be inherited, while epigenetic changes cannot.
- Mutations involve permanent changes to the DNA sequence. (correct)
- Epigenetic changes are always permanent changes.
- Epigenetics only affects coding regions of DNA.
During which process does transcription occur?
During which process does transcription occur?
- In ribosomes using mRNA.
- In the cytoplasm translating proteins.
- In the nucleus to create RNA from DNA. (correct)
- In the nucleus to synthesize DNA.
What characterizes telomeres and their importance?
What characterizes telomeres and their importance?
When do gene mutations most commonly occur?
When do gene mutations most commonly occur?
Which of the following best defines a transgenic organism?
Which of the following best defines a transgenic organism?
What is lactose intolerance primarily caused by?
What is lactose intolerance primarily caused by?
What does semi-conservative DNA replication mean?
What does semi-conservative DNA replication mean?
Flashcards
Transcription
Transcription
The process of creating a complementary RNA molecule from a DNA template.
Translation
Translation
The process of converting the information in RNA into a sequence of amino acids, forming a protein.
Genetic Code
Genetic Code
The set of rules that specifies how the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA or RNA molecule determines the amino acid sequence of a protein.
Mutation
Mutation
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DNA Replication (Semi-conservative)
DNA Replication (Semi-conservative)
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Telomeres
Telomeres
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Epigenetics
Epigenetics
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GMO
GMO
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Study Notes
Chapter 10: How Genes Work
- All life originates from a single common ancestor, evidenced by various scientific studies
- Limitations of science encompass factors like the methodology and data interpretation
- Transcription is converting genetic information into RNA, whereas translation takes this RNA to create proteins
- Translation occurs in ribosomes, using a specific molecule: messenger RNA (mRNA).
- The genetic code is almost universal for all organisms; it has three specific characteristics
- Mutations are changes in the DNA sequence, leading to various types
- Epigenetics impacts gene expression without altering the DNA sequence
- Gene mutations are crucial for evolution, propelling genetic diversity
- DNA replication is semi-conservative: each new DNA molecule contains one original strand and one new strand
- Telomeres protect the ends of chromosomes, preventing them from deteriorating and potentially merging
- Mutations can cause new alleles through different types of mutations, such as substitution, insertion, deletion.
- Genetic code is unambiguous (each codon represents only one amino acid), redundant (multiple codons code for the same amino acid), and nearly universal (similar coding principles for most organisms)
- Epigenetic control alters gene expression without changing the DNA sequence
- Gene expression is vital for proper cellular function and differentiation
- Transcription and translation are the processes by which DNA information is converted into proteins.
- Epigenetic inheritance is influenced by factors like the Dutch Hunger Winter, demonstrating how environmental experiences may affect gene expression across generations
- Viruses have lytic and lysogenic life cycles, with lytic cycles involving immediate viral reproduction and lysogenic cycles integrating the viral DNA into the host's genome.
- Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose due to the absence of the lactase enzyme
- Golden Rice is genetically modified rice enriched with beta-carotene, to enhance nutritional value
- Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are organisms whose genetic material has been altered using genetic engineering techniques. Scientific evidence generally supports the safety of GMOs for human consumption.
Additional Information (from Chapter 1, 12, and other potentially related areas)
- Various aspects of science and its limitations are examined
- The concept of a single common ancestry for all life is supported by multiple lines of evidence
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