Nationalism in Italy and Germany - Past Paper PDF

As you read this section, take notes to answer questions about nationalism as a force for disunity and unity. How did nationalism lead to the breakup of these empires? 1. Austro-Hungarian 2. Russian 3. Ottoman Nationalism in Austria and The Russian Empire...

As you read this section, take notes to answer questions about nationalism as a force for disunity and unity. How did nationalism lead to the breakup of these empires? 1. Austro-Hungarian 2. Russian 3. Ottoman Nationalism in Austria and The Russian Empire was The Ottoman Empire Hungary led to many made of up many countries controlled countries like arguments and disputes filled with many different Greece, Slovakia, Arabic throughout the Empire. It cultures. The ruling Romanov countries, Bulgaria, and weakened the empire, slowly dynasty of Russia wanted to Armenia. The Ottomans gave dividing both states. After control the diversity in the equal citizenship to all the World War I, Austria and Empire, so they instilled a countries under their rule Hungary broke apart into policy called Russification, because they were pressured several separate which essentially forced by the British and the French. nation-states. Russian culture on the Unfortunately, equal different cultures and ethnic citizenship angered the groups in the empire. conservative Turks who However, Russification wanted no change, and this strengthened the ethnic caused tensions throughout nationalist feelings, which the empire. In response to encouraged the disunification the rise in nationalism in of Russia. With the empire Armenia, the Ottomans already weakened from the massacred and deported loss of World War I, it could Armenians from 1894 to 1896 not handle the communist and again in 1915. The revolution. The last Romanov Ottoman Empire broke apart czar gave up his power in soon after World War I. 1917. How did each of the following help unify Italy? 4. Camillo di Cavour 5. Giuseppe Garibaldi 6. King Victor Emmanuel Camilo di Cavour helped He and his forces crossed to King Victor Emmanuel II had unify Italy by driving Austria the Italian mainland and Camiloio di Cavour as his out of the northern provinces. marched north. He agreed to prime minister, who With help from Napoleon III in unite the southern areas conquered and unified all of 1858 he and the combined which he conquered with the Northern Italy. He also met French Sardinian army won kingdom of with Garibaldi who conquered two victories over Austria. Piedmont-Sardinia. Cavour all the southern areas that he They were able to gain all of arranged a meeting with King unified, and Emmanuel northern Italy except Venetia. Emmanuel and Garibaldi in became ruler of those areas Naples. Garibaldi agreed and too. let the Sardinian king rule. Italian forces seized the  Papal States, and with that area, Rome had become under Italian control. It soon become the capital of the united kingdom of Italy. How did each of the following lead to German unification? 7. policy of realpolitik 8. Seven Weeks’ War 9. Franco-Prussian War The policy of realpolitik is a Bismarck started conflicts A few Southern States in term that means “the politics with Austria over the border Germany were excluded from of reality” Otto von Bismarck provinces. Tensions Prussian control. However, used this policy when he was eventually led to Austria Bismarck thought that he prime minister. He declared declaring war against Russia could win the support of the that he would rule without the in 1886 which became known southerners if they were to consent of Parliament nor as the Seven Weeks War. feel threatened from the with a legal budget. This was The Prussians were able to outside. He thought that a a direct violation of the use their Superior Equipment war with France would gain Constitution. His first step and training to defeat the his support from the south. towards molding an Empire Austrians. Austria lost control Because he was so good at was allying with Prussia and of the region of Venetia which stirring the pot he created the Austria and going to war was given to Italy and they impression that the French against Denmark. They were had to accept Prussian Ambassador and sold to the successful and were able to annexation of more German Prussian King which caused win two border provinces territory. Pressure took the French to declare war on Schleswig and Holstein. The control of Northern Germany Prussia for his deception. It's national pride of monks and the eastern and western September Of 1870 Prussians and it won new parts of the Prussian depression Army surrounded respect from other Germans Kingdom were joined for the the French Force at Sedan and lent support for Prussia first time. The remaining and among the 83,000 as head of a unified Germany states of the north joined the French prisoners that were North German Confederation taken included. Napoleon III. and Prussia dominated it as a The parisians were forced to whole. surrender and it became known as the Franco-Prussian War This was the final step in German unification and the nationalistic feeling spread throughout Germany including the Southern States. They accepted Prussian leadership and in 1871 the captured French Palace of Versailles the Prussian King Wilhelm I of  Prussia was crowned emperor. Explain how Otto von Bismarck brought about the crowning of King William I of Prussia as Kaiser of the Second Reich. Otto von Bismarck brought about the crowning of King William I of Prussia as Kaiser of the Second Reich, by helping unify Prussia. He first did this by allying with Prussia and Austria and winning the two border provinces. This won the respect of other Germans and allowed Prussia to be head of a unified Germany. He also instigated a war against France, which ended in the French’s defeat, and the victory won the hearts of the people in southern Germany, strengthening nationalism. The people of Germany finally accepted Prussian leadership. At the captured French palace of Versailles, King Wilhelm I of Prussia was crowned kaiser (emperor) and the Germans named the empire the Second Reich.