Semester 1 Midterm Exam Guide PDF

Semester 1 Midterm exam Guide Exam layout. Section 1: True or False Focus point: Mountains Section 2: Completion, fill in the blanks Focus point: Rivers Section 3: Matching Focus point: Pollution Section 4: Long answer question Focus point: The water cycle Section 5: Multiple choice Focus point...

Semester 1 Midterm exam Guide Exam layout. Section 1: True or False Focus point: Mountains Section 2: Completion, fill in the blanks Focus point: Rivers Section 3: Matching Focus point: Pollution Section 4: Long answer question Focus point: The water cycle Section 5: Multiple choice Focus point: Cities Section 6: Short Answer questions Focus point: Open ended questions Section 7: Matching diagram Focus point: Rivers Section 8: Analysis and answer questions Focus point: Pollution Total 60 marks. Extra practice questions. What is the definition of a mountain? a) A small hill b) A large body of water c) A large natural elevation of the Earth's surface d) A flat area of land Which of the following is an example of a fold mountain range? a) The Rocky Mountains b) The Himalayas c) The Andes d) Both b and c What are rivers of ice called? a) Ice cubes b) Ice sheets c) Icebergs d) Glaciers At higher altitudes on mountains, trees give way to: a) More trees b) Grasses, mosses, and lichens c) Deserts d) Oceans Mountains are useful to humans because they are a storehouse of: a) Water b) Gas c) Rice d) Furniture Why were rivers important for early civilizations? a) For transportation only b) As a source of entertainment c) To provide water for irrigation and fertile soil d) To build cities far from water sources Which river is associated with Egypt? a) Ganges and Indus b) The Nile river c) Seine and Amazon d) Mississippi and Colorado What is left behind after a river flood? a) Mud b) Soil c) Clay d) Silt How did rivers impact early settlements? a) They prevented human settlements b) They provided water for irrigation and supported farming c) They were only used for fishing d) They were considered dangerous What is the name of the river that flows through Ireland? a) Ganges b) Amazon c) River Lee d) Nile Which of the following is NOT a major challenge faced by Rio de Janeiro? a) Urban sprawl b) Air pollution c) Waste disposal in favelas d) Overpopulation in rural areas What language is the primary language taught in schools in Rio de Janeiro? a) English b) Spanish c) Portuguese d) French What is a major problem in Kenya? a) Shanty towns b) Urban migration c) Traffic d) None of the above What are the main islands of Japan? a) Hokkaido b) Honshu c) Shikoku d) All of the above Vocabulary list: Source: Where a river begins Meander: A bend in a river Narrow: Thin or not wide A waterfall: A vertical drop in a river where water flows over a steep cliff Fast: Moving quickly Steep: Having a sharp slope or incline Floodplain: A flat area of land next to a river that floods when the river overflows Estuary: A wide, sheltered body of water where a river meets the sea, mixing fresh and salt water or stream Flat: Level or even surface; more level Flatter: Landscapes that promote meandering Mouth: Where a river enters the sea Sea: A large body of salt water Tributary: A smaller river or stream that flows into a larger river Eruption: Sudden, violent outburst (typically of a volcano) Volcano: A mountain or hill with an opening through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are ejected Each question must be answered in 2 - 3 full sentences. How are stand alone mountains, mountain ranges formed and volcanic mountains formed? Tectonic plate: When plates collide they force rock upwards to form mountain ranges. Lava flow: Magma erupts through earth’s surface, cooling and solidifying which forms the volcanic mountains. What defines a mountain range? A mountain range is a group of mountains found on land that are connected to each other in a line. List 2 facts about each of the following: mount everest, himalayas and Andes mountain. Mount Everest The height is 8,848.86 meters (29,031.7 ft). Mount Everest grows every year. Himalayas Formed by the collision of tectonic plates. Located in 6 different countries: India, China, Nepal. Bhutan, Pakistan and Afghanistan. Andes Mountains The longest continental mountain range in the world, extending 8,900 km (5,530 mi). It has 2 unique features, the Atacama desert and Lake titicaca. Where can mountains and mountain ranges be found? Mountains and mountain ranges can be found on every continent all around the world. What is the difference between a stand alone mountain, mountain range and block mountain? Stand alone mountains: These are individual peaks that are not part of any major mountain range or system. Mountain range: A series of mountains connected by high ground and arranged in a line. Block mountain: is a type of mountain formed by tectonic forces that cause the Earth's crust to fracture, they mostly don’t have any mountain peaks. List 4 facts about each of the following: Rio, Brazil, Kenya and Japan. Kenya is located in East Africa, with an estimated population between 6 - 44 million people. Nairobi is the capital, it is Kenya’s largest city and one of the most modern. Kenya features diverse ecosystems with a well known national park. The Capital city of Nairobi provides great education and communication. List 3 effects of the following types of pollution: Water, Land, Soil and Air. Water Pollution: Damage to the ecosystem, especially the ocean life, which leads to a loss in biodiversity and can cause disruption to the food chain. Spread of waterborne diseases causing severe health issues and potentially death. Contamination of drinking water sources, leading to long-term health effects. Land Pollution: Contamination of soil and drinking water, reducing fertile land for agriculture and threatening food security. Increased human health issues, illnesses, and disabilities due to exposure to harmful chemicals. Climate change effects, such as flash floods, irregular rainfall, and increased wildfires. Air Pollution: Respiratory problems and other health issues in humans. Contribution to climate change through the release of greenhouse gases. Acid rain formation, which damages forests, crops, and aquatic ecosystems. Give to 2 ways in which each of these types of pollution can be managed. Water Pollution Management: Implement effective wastewater treatment systems to remove pollutants. Promote the use of organic fertilizers and eco-friendly detergents to reduce the release of harmful pollutants into water bodies. Land Pollution Management: Practice reforestation, protect it from pollution, and prevent soil erosion and flooding. Implement solid waste treatments, to minimize the damage caused by dumped goods. Air Pollution Management: Encourage the use of energy-efficient technologies in homes, industries, and transportation to reduce fossil fuel consumption. Install converters in vehicle exhaust systems to reduce emissions of primary pollutants like nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide. Name and explain 3 types of river sources? Glacial headwaters: These are formed by the melting of glacial ice Spring sources: These occur when groundwater emerges at the surface Precipitation runoff: This type of source forms when rainwater or melted snow accumulates and flows downhill Explain what food exporting is? Food exporting is the process of sending food products from one country to be sold in another country. Give 2 positive impacts of food exporting and 2 negative impacts of food exporting? Positive impacts of food exporting: Increased global food security: Food exporting contributes to improved dietary risks in importing countries. Economic benefits for exporting countries: Food exporting allows businesses to expand their market reach globally, diversify their consumer base, and potentially increase sales volume and profitability. Negative impacts of food exporting: Potential for price volatility: Export restrictions imposed by some countries can lead to increased food prices globally. Possible negative health effects: While many food exports contribute positively to health, some can have negative impacts. List 2 dangers of building along the coast? Flooding and storm surge: Coastal buildings are at high risk of damage from flooding, storm surges, and high-velocity waves, especially during severe weather events46. Erosion: Coastal structures are vulnerable to erosion, which can undermine foundations and potentially lead to building failure List 2 threats to the coastal environment? Pollution: Coastal ecosystems, particularly salt marshes and coral reefs, are threatened by industrial pollution, including chemical runoff and heavy metal contamination. Coastal development: The construction for tourism, urbanization, and industry often leads to the destruction of the coast. Which can later lead to erosion problems. The Water cycle The 4 major steps of the water cycle are: Evaporation: The process where water from oceans, lakes, and rivers is heated by the sun and turns into water vapor. During evaporation, water absorbs heat energy and transforms from a liquid to a gaseous state. Condensation: Water vapor rises into the sky and cools down, turning back into liquid water. This process forms clouds as water droplets come together. Precipitation: Water falls from the clouds back to Earth in different forms such as rain, snow, hail, or sleet. Gravity helps bring the water droplets down to the ground. Collection: Water that falls from the sky accumulates in various water bodies like oceans, rivers, lakes, and streams. Some water is also absorbed by soil and plants, becoming groundwater.